INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL

SAMBALPUR

AISSCE
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-24

PROJECT REPORT ON
RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM

ROLL NO :
NAME :
CLASS : XII
SUBJECT : COMPUTER SCIENCE
SUB CODE : 083

PROJECT GUIDE: Mr PRAFULLA KUMAR GOUDA

PGT (CS)
 INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL, SAMBALPUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Roll No: has successfully

completed the project Work entitled RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM in the subject

Computer Science (083) laid down in the regulations of CBSE for the purpose of

Practical Examination in Class XII to be held in Indian Public School, Sambalpur

on .

(Mr. Prafulla Kumar Gouda )

PGT Comp Sci

External Examiner: PRINCIPAL

Name:

Signatur

e: Date
 INDE/

1. Certificate

2. Acknowledgements

3. Declaration

4. Aim

5. Coding with Screenshots

6. Requirements

7. Bibliography
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express

our profound gratitude and deep
regards to our subject teacher for his
exemplary guidance, monitoring and
constant encouragement throughout
the course ofthis project.

The blessing, help and guidance given

by him time to shall carry us a long way
in the journey of life
on which we are about to embark.
 AIM

Write a program using Python and MY-SQL

connectivity for Railway Reservation
 INTRODUCTION

This project introduces railway reservation

system. It explains how reservation is
being done in Indian Railways. The step by
step procedure is explained.
Proper comments have been given at
desired location to make the project user
friendly. Various functions and structures
are used to make a complete use of this
language, this project is well versed with
the programming. Railway reservation can
easily accompany with the help of this.
 ABOUT PYTHON

Python is a high level, object-oriented programming language. It

was developed in 1991 by Guido Van Rossum. Its syntax is
similar to the English Language and that is why it enhances code
readability. It uses indentation for defining scopes of loops if-
else construct, class, etc.

Python Logo -File Handling in Python

Python can be used to create server-side applications.

Python can help to do task automation using

scripting. Python is used to create stand-alone

applications.

Python is used in Big Data, data science, Machine

Learning……….

Actually, the list can go on and on. This defines the power of
Python as a programming language. Hence it becomes very
important to learn how to write to a file using python and
then read from the same file.
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming
language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data
structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding,
make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as
well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing
components together.

Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability

and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python
supports modules and packages, which encourages program
modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the
extensive standard library are available in source or binary form
without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely
distributed.

Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the

increased productivity it provides. Since there is no compilation
step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly fast. Debugging
Python programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a
segmentation fault. Instead, when the interpreter discovers an
error, it raises an exception. When the program doesn't catch the
exception, the interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level
debugger allows inspection of local and global variables,
evaluation of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints,
stepping through the code a line at a time, and so on.
The debugger is written in Python itself, testifying to
Python's introspective power.
On the other hand, often the quickest way to debug a program
is to add a few print statements to the source: the fast edit-test-
debug cycle makes this simple approach very effective.

A recent survey established the Python language to be the fifth

most popular, behind JavaScript, SQL, Java, and C#. According
to the 2017 Stack Overflow survey, nearly 32% of developers
use it, and a further 20% want to do so. The usage is up from
22% reported in the first Stack Overflow survey, which ran in
2013.

The survey also reports Python to be the sixth most loved

language (behind Rust, Smalltalk, TypeScript, Swift, and
Go), and I think it’s interesting to note that Python is the top
language that is both used and loved.
(the other languages that are loved are mostly aspirational, for
example, TypeScript is used by just 9.5% of people, while
Rust and Smalltalk aren’t even on the scale).

There are more than 147,000 packages in the package repository

(colloquially known as the Cheese Shop), which are what make
it so versatile, and so popular. You can use Python for everything
from web development, to data science and data visualisation, to
games development, and DevOps, without having to start at
ground zero and implement your own code for everything.

With so many packages available, we are seeing, in particular,

a huge uptake in those used for AI and data science projects.

Python is a super fun language which can brings a level of

excitement and ease to programming like no other language
can.
 F I L E HANDLING IN PYTHON

If you are working in a large software application where they

process a large number of data, then we cannot expect those
data to be stored in a variable as the variables are volatile in
nature.

Hence when are you about to handle such situations, the role
of files will come into the picture.

As files are non-volatile in nature, the data will be stored

permanently in a secondary device like Hard Disk and
using python we will handle these files in our applications.

Python too supports file handling and allows users to handle

files i.e., to read and write files, along with many other file
handling options, to operate on files. The concept of file
handling has stretched over various other languages, but the
implementation is either complicated or lengthy, but alike other
concepts of Python, this concept here is also easy and short.
Python treats file differently as text or binary and this is
important. Each line of code includes a sequence of characters
and they form text file.
Each line of a file is terminated with a special character, called
the EOL or End of Line characters like comma {,} or newline
character. It ends the current line and tells the interpreter a
new
one has begun. Let’s start with Reading and Writing files.

Working of open() function:

We use open () function in Python to open a file in read or write
mode. As explained above, open ( ) will return a file object. To
return a file object we use open() function along with two
arguments, that accepts file name and the mode, whether to
read or write. So, the syntax being: open(filename, mode).
There are three kinds of mode, that Python provides and how
files can be opened:

“ r “, for reading.
“ w “, for writing.
“ a “, for appending.
“ r+ “, for both reading and writing

One must keep in mind that the mode argument is not

mandatory. If not passed, then Python will assume it to be “ r ”
by default.

There are also various other functions that help to manipulate

the files and its contents. One can explore various other
functions in Python Docs.
 ABOUT MODULES

Modules refer to a file containing Python statements and

definitions. A file containing Python code, for e.g.: example.py,
is called a module and its module name would be example.

We use modules to break down large programs into small

manageable and organized files. Furthermore, modules
provide reusability of code.

We can define our most used functions in a module and import

it, instead of copying their definitions into different programs.
We can import the definitions inside a module to another
module or the interactive interpreter in Python.
We use the import keyword to do this.

Python has a ton of standard modules available. Standard

modules can be imported the same way as we import our
user- defined modules.

Some advantages of modules are:

1. Division of development
2. Increases readability of program
3. Programming errors can easily be detected
4. Allows reuse of code
5. Improves manageability
6. Collaboration in projects made efficient and easy.
 ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAY

Indian Railways is the state-owned railway company of India; it

has a complete monopoly over the country's rail transport.
Indian Railways (IR) has one of the largest and busiest rail
networks in the world, transporting over 5 billion passengers
and over 350 million tonnes of freight annually. IR is also the
world's largest commercial or utility employer, having more than
1.6 million regular employees on its payroll.

Railways were first introduced to India in 1853, and by 1947,

the year of India's independence, it had grown to forty-two rail
systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one unit, to
become one of the largest networks in the world.
Indian Railways operates both long distances, as well as
suburban rail systems. It operates 8,702 passenger trains and
transports around five billion annually across twenty-seven states
and three union territories (Delhi, Puducherry and Chandigarh).
Sikkim is the only state not connected. The Railway Budget deals
with the induction and improvement of existing trains and routes,
the modernisation and most importantly the tariff for freight and
passenger travel.

Due to the huge magnitude of the spread of IR, the system

cannot sustain without computers, which have programs built for
its smooth functioning. This project deals with the Indian
Railways and presents a system to digitize the system.
 CODING
MODUL ES USED
MAIN CODE USED
 REQUIREMENTS

BIBILIOGRAPHY

# return

print(railsmenu
())

31