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Chapter 4

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18 views23 pages

Chapter 4

Uploaded by

Nge Sue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Computer Studies, Pyay

CHAPTER 4
DECISIONS AND LOOPS

Daw Aye Aye Theint


Lecturer
ITSM

1
Outlines
Controlling the Flow of the Script
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements

2
Controlling the Flow of the Script
Describes how to change the order in which simple statements are executed by using complex
statements such as conditional statements or loops.
The PHP conditional statements are

1. if statement
2. switch statement.
The PHP loop statements are

1. for loops
2. while loops
3. do….while loops.

3
Using comparison operators
PHP offers several comparison operators that you can use to compare values.
Comparison Operators: ==, ===,!=,!==, >, <, >=, <=
Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

4
Using Conditional Statements
A conditional statement execute a block of statements only when certain conditions are true.
Here are two useful types of conditional statements: if statement and switch statement.
Using if statements

1) if ( condition )
{ code to be executed if condition is true; }

2) if ( condition )
{ code to be executed if condition is true; }
else { code to be executed if condition is false; }
5
Using Conditional Statements
Using if statements

3) if ( condition )
{ code to be executed if condition is true; }
elseif ( condition )
{ code to be executed elseif condition is true; }
else
{ code to be executed elseif condition is false; }

6
Using Conditional Statements(Example)
<html>
Output:
<body>
We have exactly 23 widgets in stock!
<?php
$widgets = 23;
if($widgets == 23){
echo "We have exactly 23 widgets in stock!";
}
?>
</body>
</html>

7
Using Conditional Statements(Example)
<html>
<body>
<?php
$widgets = 23;
if($widgets >= 10&&$widgets <= 20)
{
echo "We have between 10 and 20 widgets in stock.";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
8
Conditionals: if else(Example)
<html><body>
<?php Output:
$widgets=5; Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more!
if($widgets >= 10)
{
echo "We have plenty of widgets in stock.";
}
else
{
echo "Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more!";
}
?>
</body></html>

9
Conditionals: if ….elseif…else (Example)
<html>
<body> Output:
<?php Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more!
$widgets=5;
if($widgets >= 10){
echo "We have plenty of widgets in stock.";
} else if($widgets >= 5){
echo "Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more!";
} else {
echo "Panic stations: Less than 5 widgets left! Order more now!";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
10
Conditional Switch Statement
The switch statement tests the value of one variable and executes the block of statements for the
matching value of the variable. The general format is as follows:

switch ( $variablename )
{
case value : block of statements; break;
case value : block of statements; break;
...
default: block of statements;
} //end of switch

11
Conditional Switch Statement
<html>
<body> Output:
<?php Your favorite color is red!
$favcolor="red";
switch($favcolor)
{
case "red":echo "Your favorite color is red!"; break;
case "blue":echo "Your favorite color is blue!"; break;
case "green":echo "Your favorite color is green!"; break;
default:echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, or green!";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
12
Loop Statement
for loops: Sets up a counter; repeats a block of statements until the counter reaches a specified
number.

for (startingvalue; endingcondition; increment)

block of statements;

13
Looping: for
 Can loop depending on a "counter"
$i=1; $i<=5; $i++ output
<?php Output:
i=1 ; 1<=5; 1++ Hello
for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++) World!
Hello World!
{ Hello World! i=2; 2<=5; 2++ Hello World!
Hello World!
echo "Hello World!<br />"; Hello World! i=3; 3<=5; 3++ Hello
Hello World! World!
}
i=4; 4<=5; 4++ Hello
?>
World!
i=5; 5<=5; 5++ Hello
World!
14
Looping: for
Test the loop counter is even or odd Output
The number is 0 and it's even.
<?php The number is 1 and it's odd.
for($i=0; $i<10; $i++){ The number is 2 and it's even.
The number is 3 and it's odd.
if($i%2==0)
The number is 4 and it's even.
echo "<p>The number is $i and it’s even.</p>"; The number is 5 and it's odd.
The number is 6 and it's even.
else
The number is 7 and it's odd.
echo "<p>The number is $i and it’s odd.</p>"; The number is 8 and it's even.
} The number is 9 and it's odd.

?>

15
Looping: for
 Nesting for loops
Multiply by 1
You can nest for loops inside of for loops. Suppose you want to 1x1=1
print out the times tables from 1 to 9. You can use the following 1x2=2
statements: ...
1x8=8
<?php
for($i=1;$i<=9;$i++) 1x9=9
{ Multiply by 2
echo "Multiply by $i <br/>"; 2x1=2
for($j=1;$j<=9;$j++) 2x2=4
{
$result = $i * $j; ...
echo "$i x $j = $result<br/>"; 2 x 8 = 16
}//end of the inner loop 2 x 9 = 18
}//end of the outer loop ……
?>

16
Looping: while
 Using while loops
A while loop continues repeating as long as certain conditions are true. The loop works as
follows:
1. You set up a condition.
2. The condition is tested at the top of each loop.
3. If the condition is true, the loop repeats. If the condition is not true, the loop stops.
The following is the general format of a while loop:
while ( condition )
{
block of statements
}

17
Looping: while
<?php Output:
The number is 0
$i=0; The number is 1
while($i<10) The number is 2
The number is 3
{ The number is 4
The number is 5
echo '<p>The number is '.$i .'</p>'; The number is 6
$i=$i+1; //$i++ The number is 7
The number is 8
} The number is 9
?>

18
Looping: while
<html><head></head>
Output
<body>
<?php
The number is 1
$i=1;
The number is 2
while($i <= 5)
The number is 3
{
The number is 4
echo "The number is $i <br/>";
The number is 5
$i++;
}
?>
</body>
</html>

19
Looping: do…..while
 Using do..while loops

do{
block of statements
} while(condition);

20
Looping: do…..while
<html><head></head> Output:
<body> The number is 1
<?php The number is 2
$i=0; The number is 3
do{ The number is 4
The number is 5
$i++;
The number is 6
echo "The number is $i <br/>";
The number is 7
}while($i <= 10); The number is 8
?> The number is 9
</body> The number is 10
</html> The number is 11

21
Looping: do…..while
Output:
<html><head></head> The number is 101
<body>
<?php
$i=100;
do{
$i++;
echo "The number is $i <br/>";
}while($i <= 10);
?>
</body>
</html>

22
Thank You

23

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