EXPLORE THE

NETWORK
OBJECTIVES
After successful completion of this module, the
students should be able to:  Identify the key
components of any data network
Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by
converged networks
Describe the role of data networking in the human
network
Describe the characteristics of network
architectures:fault tolerance, scalability, quality of
service and security
COMMUNICATING
IN A NETWORK-
CENTRIC WORLD
EARLY DATA
NETWORK
-Limited to exchanging character-
based information between connected
computer system
CURRENT
NETWORK
-Evolved to carry voice, video
streams, text, and graphics between
many different types of devices.
Previously separate and distinct
as connectivity became available in
1990s. The early users of the World
Wide Web were mostly university
researchers exchanging
information, but other people
businesses quickly figures out how
to take advantage of web-based
communications. This sparked the
creation of many new businesses
and careers.
EXAMPLE OF TODAY’S POPULAR
COMMUNICATION TOOL
 Instant Messaging
 Blogs
 Podcasting
 Email
 Video
Conferencing
NETWORKS SUPPORTING THE WAY
WE LEARN
The advances in the internet and
collaboration tools have been force behind
major changes in education. As web
reliability and access have increased ,
more institutions have come to depend on
technology to perform core educational
functions.
NETWORKS SUPPORTING THE WAY
WE PLAY
Travel sites can respond to last-minute
market conditions for hotel, flight, and cruise
availability.
Media and entertainment companies
provide websites that offer books, games, TV
shows, and movies.
COMMUNICATION: AS AN ESSENTIAL
PARTCommunication
OF OUR LIVES is the sending and receiving
of information and can be one-on-one or between
groups of people, and can be face-to-face or
through communication devices. Communication
requires a sender, the person who initiates
communication, to transfer their thoughts or
encode a message.
COMMUNICATION: AS AN ESSENTIAL
PART OF OUR LIVES
QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION
QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION
QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION
THE NETWORK AS PLATFORM
COMMUNICATING OVER NETWORKS
ELEMENTS OF A NETWORK
ELEMENTS OF A NETWORK
ELEMENTS OF A NETWORK
RULES
 People often only pictures network in the abstract sense:
We create and send a text message, and it almost
immediately shows up on the destination device.
The following list ties together how the elements of
networks—devices, media, and services– are
connected by rules to deliver a message:
1. An end user types an instant message to a friend using
an application on a PC
2. The instant message gets converted into a format that
can be transmitted on the network. All types of message
formats—text, video, voice, or data– must be converted to
bits before being sent to their destinations. After the
instant message is converted to bits, it is ready to be sent
onto the network for delivery.
3. The network interface card (NIC) inside the PC generates
electrical signals to represent the bits and places the bits
on the medium so that they can travel to the first network
4. The bits are passed fromdevice.
device to device in the local
network.
5. If the bits need to leave the local network, they leave
through a router connecting to a different network. There
can be dozens, even hundreds, of devices handling the bits
as they are routed to their destinations
6. As the bits get close to their destination, they once again
get passed through local devices
7. Finally, the NIC on the destination device accepts the
bits and converts them back into a readable text message.
CONVERGED NETWORKS
CONVERGED NETWORKS
Convergence in networking occurs when one network
provider delivers networking services for voice, data,
and video in a single network offering, instead of
providing a separate network for each of these
services. This allows a business to use one network
from one provider for all communication and cloud-
based services.
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
  Ensuring
Confidentiality
 Maintaining
Communication
Integrity
 Ensuring
Availability
NETWORK TRENDS
THE PLATFORMS FOR
COMMUNICATIONS
THE PLATFORMS FOR
COMMUNICATIONS
THE ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATIONS
THE ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATING THE MESSAGE
COMMUNICATING THE MESSAGE
COMMUNICATING THE MESSAGE
COMMUNICATING THE MESSAGE
COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK
Devices and media are the physical elements or hardware
of the network . Hardware is often the visible components
of theDEVICES
END network platform.
-refers to a piece of equipment that is either the source or
the destination of the message on the network. Another
generic term for an end device that sends or receives
messages is a host.
COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK
Devices and media are the physical elements or hardware
of the network . Hardware is often the visible components
of the network
NETWORK platform.
MEDIA
-Network media refers to the communication channels
used to interconnect nodes on a computer network.
COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK
Devices and media are the physical elements or hardware
of the network . Hardware is often the visible components
of the network platform.
INTERMEDIARY DEVICES
-The ones that connect end devices and allow data
transmission and
-Regenerate on aretransmit
network. data signals
-Maintain information about what pathways exist through th
-Notify
networkother devices of errors and communication failures
and internetwork
-Direct data along alternate pathways when there is a lin
failure
-Classify and direct messages according to priorities
-Permit or deny the flow of data, based on security settings
COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK
Devices and media are the physical elements or hardware
of the network . Hardware is often the visible components
of the network platform.
INTERMEDIARY DEVICES
NETWORK REPRESENTATION
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

Local networks come in all sizes. They can

range from simple networks consisting of two
computers, to networks connecting hundreds
of thousands of devices. Networks installed in
small offices, or homes and home offices, are
referred to as small office/home office (SOHO)
networks. SOHO networks let you share
resources such as printers, documents,
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

In business, large networks can be used to advertise and

sell products, order supplies, and communicate with
customers. Communication over a network is usually more
efficient and less expensive than traditional forms of
communication, such as regular mail or long distance
phone calls. Networks allow for rapid communication such
as email and instant messaging, and provide consolidation
and access to information stored on network servers.
Business and SOHO networks usually provide a shared
connection to the internet. The internet is considered a
 LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
mall Home Networks

Small home networks connect

a few computers to each other
and to the internet.
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
Small Office and Home Office Networks

The SOHO network allows computers

in a home office or a remote office to
connect to a corporate network, or
access centralized, shared resources.
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
Medium to Large Networks
Medium to large networks, such as those
used by corporations and schools, can have
many locations with hundreds or thousands
of interconnected hosts.
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
WIDE AREA NETWORK (LAN)
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
World Wide Networks

The internet is a
network of networks
that connects
hundreds of millions
of computers world-
wide.
LANS, WANS AND INTERNETWORKS
THE INTERNET: A NETWORK OF
NETWORKS
An internetwork is a collection of two or more LANs
connected by WANs. Internetworks are referred to
interchangeably as data networks or simply networks. The
most popular internetwork is the Internet, which is open to
public use. is a private web of networks closed to the
An intranet
public but open for employees to browse. For example,
many companies use intranets to share company
information and training across the globe to far-away
employees.
THE INTERNET: A NETWORK OF
NETWORKS
Internetw
orks
made up
of LANs
and
WANs
THE INTERNET: A NETWORK OF
NETWORKS
Internet service providers (ISP), which are often
also TSPs, connect their customers to the Internet.

The ISPs cooperate with TSPs and other ISPs to

make sure that all users have access to the web