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Ana Chemistry

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chemistrymari123
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10 views17 pages

Ana Chemistry

Uploaded by

chemistrymari123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NAME: SAIMA

D\0: ALI MADAD


Roll no: BSCHM-2022-047
ASSIGNED BY MA’AM AYSHA RAJPUT
MY PRESENTATION TOPIC NAME

CCD
QUESTIONS

 What is the detector technology used


in digital cameras and smartphone
cameras
 What type of sensor is used in
astronomical ?
 What detector type is suitable for uv-
vis spectroscopy ?
CCDS WORKIN
G APPLICATIO
DETECTOR
N
What is detector

Detectors
A detector is an important instrument in the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, used in the
conversion of light into proportional electrical signals, which provides the response
of a spectrophotometer.

Types of Detectors
Nowadays, detectors used in UV-Visible spectroscopy are classified into four types,
namely
•Photomultiplier tube
•Phototube
•Diode array detector
•Charge coupled device
CHARGE COUPLE DEVICE
WHAT IS CCD ?

CHARGE COUPLE
DEVICE
This is technology behind digital imaging
playing a significant role in various site of
digital imaging
Inveted in 1969 by Willard s.boyle and
George e.smith
At bell labs
CCDs have become an essential component
in digital cameras and other imaging devices
EXPLAINATION
 CCD or Charge Coupled Device
is semiconductor device used for
capturing and converting light into
electrical signals .
 It is highly sensitive photon detector.
 its composed of large number of lighter
sensitive small area called pixel
 which are organized in grid like pattern

 When light strike a pixel ,it generates an


electrical charge proportional to the
intensity of the incoming light.
 which can be used to assemble an image
Working principle

The CCD operates in three primary stages to


convert light into digital data:

photoelectric effect,
charge storage,
charge transfeR
Photoelectric Effect

1. Photoelectric Effect
When photons of light interact with the silicon material of the CCD,
they generate electron-hole pairs.

This process, known as the photoelectric effect, converts light energy into
electrical charges.

The number of generated charges depends on the intensity and wavelength


of the incident light, allowing the CCD to capture variations in color and
brightness.
Charge storage

After the photoelectric effect occur ,the electrical


charge are stored in the pixel’s potential well .
They can be read and transferred to the output stage
Charge Transfer

The final stage involves the orderly transfer of charges


from the pixel array to the output stage.

The CCD uses a process called charge-coupling, which


shifts the charges row by row and column by column until
they reach the output amplifier.

The amplifier then converts the charges into voltage


signals, which are digitized and processed to form the final
digital image
Advantages
 Ccds are used in optical microscopes because they
can possess over 10 million pixels, which enables
many samples to be seen clearly,
 As well as a low noise ratio,
 Ability to image in color,
 High sensitivity and a high spatial resolution which
all contribute to the high-quality images that are
necessary for modern-day
APPLICATION

 Astronomical use
 Medical imaging , MRI CT SCAN X RAY
 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
 Industrial use
 Security

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