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Solarpvsystemsppt 180614070301

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
51 views44 pages

Solarpvsystemsppt 180614070301

Uploaded by

James K. Bitok
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

DESIGN & INSTALLATIONS


Basics

• Power P(W) = Voltage V(V) x Current I(A)

• Unit of power = Watts

• 1 W= 1 J/s

• Energy = Power P (W) x time t (hrs)

• Unit of energy = Watt-hour


SOLAR ENERGY
• Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun, harnessed with the help of
technologies.

PW=
= one billion million watts
Why solar

• Sustainable

• Off grid

• Noiseless

• Low maintenance
Status of energy consumption in India
Solar technologies
1.Solar thermal 2. Solar Photo-voltaics
Solar thermal
Directly uses the sunlight to heat through solar collectors

• Flat plate collectors

• Evacuated tube collectors

• Concentrators
Applications of solar thermal
Solar cookers

• Space heating

• Process heating

Solar water heaters

Solar distillation unit


SOLAR PV
• A photovoltaic system ( PV system) converts solar energy to electrical energy

• It uses solar cells

• Electricity generation
Principle

• Photovoltaic effect
Solar PV cells
Cells to arrays

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell#/media/File:From_a_solar_cell_to_a_PV_system.svg
Types of PV systems

• 1. Grid connected system


2. Standalone system
During night

panels

Charge
controller

load

batteries
Components of PV system
PV modules

The assembly of solar cells in the form of a array

Converts sunlight into DC electricity.


Solar Charge Controller

• Regulates the voltage and current coming from the PV panels going
to battery and prevents battery overcharging and prolongs the battery
life.
Inverter

• Converts DC output of PV panels or wind turbine into a clean AC current

for AC appliances or fed back into grid line. Inverter capacities is expressed in kVA
Battery

• Stores energy for supplying to electrical appliances when there is a


demand.
Depth of Discharge (DoD)

• DOD is the percentage amount of energy that can be extracted from the total capacity of the
battery. It used to describe how deeply the battery is discharged.

• If we say a battery is 100% fully charged, it means the DOD of this battery is 0%.

• Fully discharge them to 100% DOD, it would shorten the cycle life of batteries

DoD
Days of Autonomy (DA)

• the number of days that you need the system to operate when there is no power produced by PV
panels

Days without solar PV

Days with solar PV


Design of solar PV system
Design steps
Example
Power consumption
• Step 1
S.NO APPLIANCES WATTS NO’S TOTAL WATTS OF HOURS OF WATT-HOUR PER DAY
(W) APPLIANCES USAGE PER (Wh/day)
(W) = 3X4 DAY = 5x6
(hrs)
Watts x No’s x
Watts x no’s hours

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1. LIGHT 100 5 500 2 1000

2. FAN 120 3 360 3 1080

TOTAL 860 2080


Step 2:
loss factor
Because if a panel produces 100% it will
be able to supply only 70%

=1.3 x 2080 = 2704 Wh/day


Step 3: Individual panel capacity = rated power x sunshine hours
= 250 x 6 = 1500 Wh/day

Specifications in the panel


Sunshine hours of a location

here we take Coimbatore

Rated power
x
of individual
panel
No. of panels =

No. panels = 2704/1500


= 1.8
= approx. 2 panels
Battery

Total Battery Capacity (Ah- ampere hours)



The capacity of the battery is expressed in terms of current for a particular voltage

= Total Watt-hours per day used by appliances x Days of autonomy (DA)

(0.85 x depth of discharge (DoD) x nominal battery voltage)

Thumb rule: the battery voltage must match the panel voltage
= (2080 x 3) / (0.85x 0.6x 24)

=509.8 Ah
No. batteries = total battery capacity(Ah) / individual battery capacity(Ah)

=509.8 / 150

=3.4

= approx. 4 batteries
Inverter capacity

Total watts consumed by the appliances


Capacity of the inverter = total watts of the appliances = 860/0.7
efficiency of the inverter
= 1228.8 W
= 1.2 kW= 1.2 kVA
Charge controller capacity
Charge controller capacity = No. of modules(N) x short circuit current ( ) x 1.3
=2 x 8.95 x 1.3
=23.27 A
So the charge controller must have a capacity of 25-30 A at 24V
Load estimation & Sizing of PV

Total Wh/day 1.3 Panel requirement (A)


( loss factor)

Battery calculation

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