EE521

Special Electrical Machines

Lecture 1:
Course introduction
And Revision of 3-ph Induction Motor

D r. Ahmed Hebala

E m a i l :
ahmed.hebala@aast.
edu
G o o g l e ClassRoom:

2promr5
 Course W1: Review of polyphone induction machine
W2: Induction Generator
Content W3: Unbalanced Operation of 3-Ph IM
W4: Single phase Induction Motor
W5: Single phase Induction Motor
W7: Exam!
W6: Universal Motors
W8: Switched Reluctance Machine
W9 : Stepper Motors
W10: Stepper Motors
W11: Synchronous Reluctance Machine
W12: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
W13: Brushless DC machines
W14: Linear Motors
GC:2promr W15: Introduction to electrical machine design

5 2
 GRADE ASSIGNMENTS: 7TH: QUIZ 10% 12TH: EXAM 20%
DISTRIBUTION 10% EXAM 20%
PRESENTATION

FINAL EXAM: 40% TEXTBOOK ELECTRIC MACHINERY AND

Transformers,
Bhag S. Guru
Hiiseyin R. Hiziro@

Student

Poll : 3

Here
 Electric Machines
Electric machines convert
electric energy into “Almost” Any electric
mechanical energy or machine can operate in
mechanical energy into both modes of operation.
electrical energy.

When the conversion is from When the conversion is from

electrical to mechanical mechanical to electrical
energy, the machine is energy, the machines is
called a motor. called a generator.

Electric motor Electric generator

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 Classification of How about
linear and
Electric Machines Series
axial?
Wound Field Shunt

DC

PM Compound

PM

Any Sine Wave

others?
Wound Field

Electric Machines
?!! Synchronous

Synchronous Reluctance

Switched

Brushless DC

AC Stepper Many Types

Slip ring (Wound

Field)
3-Ph Induction

Asynchronous Squirrel Cage

Single Phase 5
Induction(s)
 Examples of Modern Electric Machines

s,
Induction motor for Tesla electric vehicle Permanent magnet motor for

? tor
Toyota Prius hybrid electric vehicle

hy M o
EV
W

High efficiency synchronous Cutaway of doubly fed induction

reluctance motor by ABB generator for wind turbines
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 Induction Machines

 It is widely used as electric motor in industry due to its reliability and simple
construction.
 The stator of a three phase induction motor is identical to synchronous machines.
 There are two main types of induction machine rotor:
Wound rotor: As set of three
phase winding that is
accessible at the stator
through slip rings and
brushes (Not very common).
Wound rotor

Squirrel cage: conductor bars

embedded in the rotor steel
and short circuited at both
ends (Workhorse of industry).

Cage rotor
Theory of operation

 Why does the IM work?

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Rotating Magnetic Field

Keyword: Sinusoidally Distributed Winding

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Rotating Magnetic Field
𝜙x = 𝜙m sin𝜔t
𝜙y = 𝜙m sin ( 𝜔t − 120o )
𝜙z = 𝜙m sin ( 𝜔t − 240o )

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Rotating Magnetic Field

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 Torque Production in Induction Machines

 If the induction motor is rotating at a speed n, the relative motion between the stator
field and rotor conductors induces voltage in the rotor circuit that is proportional to the
speed of the relative motion (ns-n).
 The rotor slip is usually expressed as a fraction of synchronous speed ns,

 The frequency of the rotor induced voltage is equal to the slip frequency,

 The induced rotor current produce a flux vector rotating at (s x ns) with respect to the
rotor, but the rotor itself is rotating at speed (n). The speed of the rotor flux relative to
the stationary stator is the sum of these two speeds and equal to,

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 Torque Production in Induction Machines

 The rotor currents produce an air gap flux wave that rotates at the same speed of the
stator flux. Therefore, they can be considered stationary in relative to each other and
produce a steady torque.
 The generated torque can be represented by,

δr is the angle at which the rotor mmf wave leads the resultant air gap flux

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Induction Machine Equivalent Circuit

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Power Flow of an
Induction Motor

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 Power and Torque in Induction Machines

 Input power:

 Stator copper losses:

 Core losses:

 Air gap power:

 Rotor copper losses:

 Converted power:

 Induced torque:

 Output power:

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Torque-Speed Characteristics
of Induction Machine

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International Standards for
Efficiency of Induction Machines
 Efficiency is of paramount importance nowadays.
 Electrical Machines consume 70% of electricity in
the industrial sector.
 The European protocol (CEMEP) defines the
following efficiency classes.
 Eff1 class: ‘high efficiency’ motors
 Eff2 class: ‘energy efficiency’ motors
 Eff3 class: ‘standard efficiency’ motors

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 Bonus: International Standards for
the Evaluation of Induction Motor
Efficiency
 IEEE 112 – method B (U.S. standard)
 IEC 34-2 (European standard)
 JEC 37 (Japanese standard)

 Write a 5-10 pages report covering one or all of

these methods.
 1 Mark for Format.
 1 Mark for Content
 1 Mark for standing out.

Bonus #1
3 Marks
Deadline Week 3
Gamification of Bonuses

 You can do a maximum of TWO bonuses per course.

Cost of Choice!
 You can NOT submit more than two bonuses. Cost of Investment

 Bonus MUST be submitted before the deadline. Train for REAL LIFE!
 Also it must be written in the provided guideline format.

Nothing in Life
 Bonus marking is more strict and it should follow the
instructions very carefully
is Free and
Easy!
Integrity!
 Direct plagiarism or copying friends’ work is a FAIL!
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 The End!
Thank You!
See you
next time!

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