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2.4 - Measures of Dispersion

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24 views16 pages

2.4 - Measures of Dispersion

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yujunpeng100
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2.

4 - Measures of Dispersion

Unit 2 : Descriptive Statistics

1
Learning Target
• I will be able to describe the spread of a
data set.

2
Definition
• Measures of dispersion are descriptive
statistics that describe how similar a set of
scores are to each other
• The more similar the scores are to each other,
the lower the measure of dispersion will be.
• The less similar the scores are to each other, the
higher the measure of dispersion will be.
• In general, the more spread out a distribution is,
the larger the measure of dispersion will be.
3
Measures of Dispersion
• Which of the
distributions of scores
has the larger
dispersion?
• The upper distribution
has more dispersion
because the scores are
more spread out
• That is, they are less
similar to each other
4
Measures of Dispersion
• There are three main measures of
dispersion:
• The range
• The interquartile range (IQR)
• Variance / standard deviation (Covered in 2.5)

5
The Range
• The range is defined as the difference
between the largest score in the set of data
and the smallest score in the set of data,
XL - X S
• What is the range of the following data:
4 8 1 6 6 2 9 3 6 9
• The largest score (XL) is 9; the smallest
score (XS) is 1;
6
When To Use the Range
• The range is used when
• you have ordinal data or
• you are presenting your results to people with little or
no knowledge of statistics
• The range is rarely used in scientific work as it is fairly
insensitive
• It depends on only two scores in the set of data, XL and
XS
• Two very different sets of data can have the same
range:
1 1 1 1 9 vs 1 3 5 7 9

7
The Interquartile Range
• The interquartile range (or IQR) is defined
as the difference of the first and third
quartiles.
• The first quartile is the 25th percentile
Q1 = ¼(n+1)th value
• The third quartile is the 75th percentile
Q3 = ¾(n+1)th value
• IQR = (Q3 - Q1)
8
IQR
• Consider the following video explaining
IQR and how it is found:
• Khan Academy – IQR

9
Box-and-Whisker Plots
A five statistical summary
First Quartile Median Third Quartile
Lower Extreme Upper Extreme
3 1 2
4 5
Outliers
• An outlier is any value at least 1.5 IQR
above Q3 or below Q1.

12
Example:
Are there any outliers in the following data set?

25, 29, 28, 39, 33, 28, 16, 27, 32

16 only. Line them up. IQR=5


Makes(1.5) IQR = 7.5
16 is more than that away from Q1
40 is closer than that to Q3
13
Ogive (Cumulative Frequency
Diagram)
• To calculate cumulative
frequency, add up the
frequencies of the data
values as you go along.
• Ogives are line graphs
(rather than a bar graph)
• These are useful when you
are trying to calculate the
median, quartiles, and
percentiles of grouped or
continuous data
Actual IB Exam Question!

15
Page 270-271 (Exercise 8F)
Page 273-276 (Exercise 8G)

ASSIGNMENT 2.4

16

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