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GROUP TWO Fluency

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40 views14 pages

GROUP TWO Fluency

Uploaded by

isaacfredrick.innodata
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GROUP 2

FLUENCY DISORDERS
APRAXIA OF SPEECH
SPEECH THERAPY(PHT563)
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
FLUENCY DISORDERS AND APRAXIA OF SPEECH
 INTRODUCTION
 CAUSES OF FLUENCY DISORDERS AND APRAXIA OF SPEECH
 TYPES OF FLUENCY DISORDERS AND APRAXIA OF SPEECH
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 RISK FACTORS OF FLUENCY DISORDERS AND APRAXIA OF
SPEECH
 DIAGNOSIS OF FLUENCY DISORDERS AND APRAXIA OF
SPEECH
FLUENCY DISORDER

INTRODUCTION

 Fluency refers to continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort in speech production.

 A fluency disorder is an interruption in the flow of speaking characterized by atypical

rate, rhythm, and disfluencies.

 People with fluency disorders also frequently experience psychological, emotional,

social, and functional impacts as a result of their communication disorder (Tichenor &

Yaruss, 2019).

 Fluency disorders can lead to problems with socialization, learning and mental health.
CAUSES OF FLUENCY DISORDERS

 The exact causes of fluency disorders are not known. Scientists are still
studying what causes fluency disorders. Some studies have shown that it
could be genetic and run in families also neurological factors may be
involved.

TYPES OF FLUENCY DISORDERS

 Stuttering

 Cluttering.
STUTTERING
The most common fluency disorder
It is an interruption in the flow of speaking characterized by specific types of
disfluencies
 Repetitions of sounds, syllables, and monosyllabic words
 Prolongations of consonants when it isn’t for emphasis
 Blocks
These disfluencies can affect the rate and rhythm of speech and may be accompanied
by
negative reactions to speaking
 Avoidance behaviors
 Escape behaviors
 Physical tension
CLUTTERING

 Cluttering, another fluency disorder, is characterized by a perceived rapid and/or

irregular speech rate, atypical pauses, maze behaviors, pragmatic issues, decreased

awareness of fluency problems or moments of disfluency, excessive disfluencies,

collapsing or omitting syllables, and language formulation issues, which result in

breakdowns in speech clarity and/or fluency

 Cluttering results in less effective social interactions.


SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Monosyllabic whole-word repetitions (e.g., “Why-why-why did they go there?”),
 Covering your mouth or pretending to cough or yawn to cover up stuttering
 Not speaking, even when you want or need to
 Not using certain words that seem to cause stuttering
 Pretending to forget what you wanted to say
 Rearranging words in sentences

RISK FACTORS
 Delayed childhood development.
 Genetics
 Stress
DIAGNOSIS
 A fluency disorder can be diagnosed by a speech-language pathologist (SLP)
 It can also be diagnosed based on a discussion of the signs and symptoms.
 The SLP may do an oral-mechanism exam and testing of speech-language skills.
 This may include other medical conditions, family history of speech disorders and
the effects of fluency problems on your life.

MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT


 Control your breathing to improve your speech.
 Learn to insert natural pauses when you talk
 Lessen other behaviors associated with the fluency disorder
 Slow down and concentrate on individual sounds, syllables and words
 Use shorter, clearer sentences.
APRAXIA OF SPEECH

 Apraxia of speech also known as acquired


apraxia of speech, verbal apraxia, or
childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) when
diagnosed in children
 It is a speech sound disorder. Someone with
AOS has trouble saying what he or she
wants to say correctly and consistently.

 AOS is a neurological disorder that affects the brain pathways involved in planning
the sequence of movements involved in producing speech.
 The brain knows what it wants to say, but cannot properly plan and sequence the
required speech sound movements
TYPES OF APRAXIA
Acquired Apraxia of Speech
 Acquired AOS is caused by damage to the parts of the brain that are involved in
speaking and involves the loss or impairment of existing speech abilities.
 It may result from a stroke, head injury, tumor, or other illness affecting the
brain.
 Acquired AOS may occur together with other conditions that are caused by
damage to the nervous system.
Childhood Apraxia of Speech
 Childhood AOS is present from birth.
 This condition is also known as developmental apraxia of speech, developmental
verbal apraxia, or articulatory apraxia
 The causes of childhood AOS are not well understood.
 Childhood AOS appears to affect more boys than girls.
SYMPTOMS OF APRAXIA OF SPEECH
 Distorting sounds.
 Making inconsistent errors in speech.
 Groping for sounds.
 Making errors in tone, stress, or rhythm.
 The incorrect use of prosody.

DIAGNOSIS OF APRAXIA OF SPEECH


 In formal testing a speech-language pathologist may ask the patient to perform speech
tasks
 For acquired AOS, a speech-language pathologist may also examine the patient’s
ability to converse, read, write, and perform non-speech movements.
 To diagnose childhood AOS, parents and professionals may need to observe a child’s
speech over a period of time.
TREATMENT
 Spontaneous recovery.
 Speech-language therapy.
The specific approach in treatment is is dependent on the severity of their condition
This involves;
• Asking for the same word or phrase to be repeated multiple times.
• Practicing saying specific syllables or words to help you learn to move from one
sound to another
• Observation of how the therapist’s mouth moves when they say words or phrases
• Using visual cues
• Hand gestures
• Sign language.
• Practice at home with family members
REFERENCES

Abou, E. M., Saleh, M., Habil, I., El Sawy, M., & El Assal, L. (2015). Prevalence of
stuttering in primary school children in Cairo-Egypt. International Journal of Speech-
Language Pathology, 17(4), 367–372. https://doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2015.1010583

Adriaensens, S., Beyers, W., & Struyf, E. (2015). Impact of stuttering severity on
adolescents’ domain-specific and general self-esteem through cognitive and emotional
mediating processes. Journal of Communication Disorders, 58, 43–57. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.10.003

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1993). Definitions of


communication disorders and variations [Relevant paper]. www.asha.org/policy/

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2016). Scope of practice in speech-


language pathology [Scope of practice]. www.asha.org/policy/
THANK YOU

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