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Vahida Akhter

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20 views20 pages

Vahida Akhter

Uploaded by

skpandey8474
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Topic:- Computer

Programming
Languages
Presented By:- Vahida Akhter
Assistant Professor
Computer Application
Govt. Degree College (Boys) Anantnag
Class:- B.C.A
Ist Semester
Topic:- Computer Programming
languages
Computer Programming
Language
 Computer:- Is an electronic machine.

 Program:- Program is a set of instructions or


set of statements.

 Language : -System of communication .


Computer language are used to facilitate
communication between computer and
the user.
Programming
Languages

Before learning any language ,it is important


to know about the various types of languages
and their features .
It is interesting to know what the basic
requirements of the programs where and
what difficulties they faced with the existing
languages
Computer Programming
languages
A programming language is an artificial
language that can be used to control the
behavior of a machine particularly a
computer .

 Programming Languages ,like human


languages are defined through the use of
Syntactic and Semantic rules, to
determine structure and meaning
respectively.
Programming language are used facilitate
communication about the task of organizing and
manipulating information ,and to express algorithms
precisely.

 Through computer programming language we can


create computer software .
 Software :- Is a set of programs.
 Software are of two types:-

 Application software and system software.

 Application software:- like Ms-word , excel,


PowerPoint

 System software:- Is operating system Like Ms-Dos ,


Unix, Linux ,Windows XP etc
 Operating system:-Manages all the resources of the
computer system Hardware and software.
Software

Application
System Software Software

Operating Utility Language


System programs Translation

WORD
FILE PROCESSING
MANAGEMENT, ASSEMBLER SPREADSHEET
UNIX M/S
WINDOWS MAC COMPILERS GRAPHICAL
I/O
O/S etc GAMES
MANAGEENT INTERPRETERS
BUSSINESS
SYSTEM UTULITIES
SOFTWARE
Computer
Programming
Language

Low Level High Level


Language Language
L.L.L H.L.L

Machine Level
Assembly Translators
Language
Language
( M.L.L)

Assembler Compiler Interpreter


Machine Language
 Computer can understand only machine level
language which are in binary digits (0,1).

 Writing a program in machine level language is


difficult task because it is not easy for programmers to
write instructions in binary code.

 Machine level language is error-prone and its


maintenance is very difficult.

 Machine languages are almost impossible for humans


to use they consist entirely of numbers ,while easily
understood by computers it is the lowest level
computer language

 It is very difficult to develop a program in machine


language. Because the code is written binary
numbers.
Assembly Language
 The difficulties in faced in machine level
language were reduced to some extent by
using a modified form of machine level
language called assembly language .

 In assembly language instructions are given


in English like words (Symbolic
representation called Mnemonics ) such as
ADD ,SUB, COMP,MOV etc .So it is easier to
write and understand assembly programs.
e.g A add B = C
 Assembly language programs must be
translated into machine language.
 The translator that is used for translating
Assembly to Machine Level language is called
“Assembler”.

 In assembly language ,data is stored in


computer registers and each computer has
different set of registers.

 Thus the assembly language program is also not


portable .

 Since the low level languages are related with


the hardware.
High level language
 High level language are English like language .

 Soit is easy to write and understand the


programs of high level languages.

 These languages are machine independent.

 While programming in a high level language ,


the programmes is not concerned with the low
level details, and whole attention can be paid
to the logic of the program.
 Fortranslating a H.L.L program into
machine Level language, compiler or
translator is used .

 Every
programming language has its own
compiler or translator.

 Example of H.L.L are


FORTRAN,COBAL,BASIC,PASCAL ,C, C+
+,Java V.B etc.
Translators
 We know that computers can understand only
machine level language ,which is in binary form 1
or 0.

 The code written in any high-level languages


should be translated into machine level language
and translators are used for this purpose.

 These translators are just computer programs,


which accepts a program written in High Level
or Low level Language and produce an equivalent
machine language program as output.
Types of Translators
 There are three types of Translators:-
 Assembler .
 Compiler.
 Interpreter.
Assembler

 Assembler is a translator (program) used for


converting the code of low-level language
(Assembly language) into machine level
language
Compiler
 Compiler is a translator used to convert the
code of High Level Language into machine
language .The high level language program is
known as source program and the
corresponding machine language program is
known as object program.
A compiler searches all the errors of program
and list them.
 Ifthe program is error free then it converts
the code of program into machine code and
the program can be executed separate
commands
Interpreter
 Interpreterand compiler performs the same
task ,there is a difference in the working.

 An interpreter are also used to convert H.L.L.


into M.L Language.

 An interpreter is a translator it checks the


errors of program statement by statement
(Line by Line). After checking one statement it
converts that statement into machine code and
then executes that statement .
 Thisprocess continues until the last
statement of program or an erroneous
statement occurs.
THANK YOU

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