USE APPROPRIATE

COHESIVE DEVICES
IN VARIOUS TYPES
OF SPEECH SUB-LC:
COMPOSE EFFECTIVE
PARAGRAPHS
(PARAGRAPH
DEVELOPMENT)
OBJECTIVES
🞆 Organize paragraphs effectively.
🞆 Use cohesive devices to connect your ideas
into a clear essay.
🞆 Familiarize with various cohesive devices
used in making a speech.
🞆 For the first part of our learning activity sheet,
we will first organize the paragraphs so that the
events of your ideas will be presented effectively.
After being familiarized on how to organize your
paragraphs, we will now put them together using
appropriate cohesive devices. A paragraph is a
building block of essay development, and
paragraphs provide the structure needed to
develop the thesis of a paper. In fact, a useful
way to think about a paragraph is as a “mini-
essay,” or an essay within an essay, with its own
mini-thesis (the topic sentence), middle or body
(the supporting details) and end or conclusion
(the concluding sentence).
🞆 As we go through this lesson, let us be
guided by the following questions:
🞆 1. What are the parts of a paragraph?
🞆 2. What is a topic sentence?
🞆 Where do we usually put a topic sentence in
an essay?
🞆 3. How do we organize a paragraph?
🞆 4. What are the qualities of a good
paragraph?
LET US REVIEW
🞆 Directions: Analyze each sentence carefully.
Arrange the six sentences to make a
meaningful paragraph. On your
notebook/clean paper, write the complete
sentences in order of your answer.

a. Heart problems, knee problems, and

breathing problems are just a few of the
unhealthy results.
b. If people like this man had received
education on obesity, perhaps their terrible
conditions could have been avoided.
c. Moreover, these problems and more can
worsen and become life-threatening.
d. First, adults have little knowledge of the risks
of obesity.
e. For example, months ago I saw a man on
“The Maury Povich Show” that weighed close to
800 lbs and was LITERALLY stuck in his house.
f. Besides having so much trouble breathing and
weighing so much that his own legs could not
support his body to walk, he was also so large
that he was unable to fit through an exit; the
bedroom wall had to be taken out!
LET US STUDY
🞆 1. What are the parts of a paragraph?
Parts of a Paragraph:
1. Topic Sentence - It is usually the first
sentence and it expresses the main idea. It
sets the direction of the rest of the
sentences.
2. Supporting Sentences - These are
details that expand the main idea.
3. Concluding Sentence - It summarizes
what has been said or draws a logical
conclusion from it. This can also be the
restatement of the topic sentence.
2. WHAT IS A TOPIC SENTENCE?
🞆 A topic sentence that expresses the main
idea of the paragraph in which it occurs. It
appears in every paragraph of the body.
These are the three places where a topic
sentence can be found.
 Middle of
paragraph

Last Sentence
Concluding First Sentence
Sentence
THERE ARE 2 KINDS OF TOPIC SENTENCE
THAT WE CAN CHOOSE FROM:
🞆 Interrogative or Question
Why is writing often viewed by many as
the most difficult skill to master?
Writing is often viewed by many as the
most difficult skill to master compared to other
skills because it relies on complex interrelated
skills and (meta) cognitive abilities.
DECLARATIVE OR STATEMENT
🞆 Writing is often viewed by many as the
most difficult skill to master compared
to other skills. The reason for this is that it
relies on complex interrelated skills and
(meta) cognitive abilities.
 3. HOW DO WE ORGANIZE A
PARAGRAPH
🞆 Before organizing the ideas, it is important to have a
paragraph guide to better compile the ideas. Here is
an example of a paragraph guide:
Topic:
____________________________________________________
Topic
sentence______________________________________________
Support facts/Details:
1.______________________________________________________
2._______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
Concluding sentence:
__________________________________________________
EXAMPLE TOPIC: LEVELS OF
GOVERNMENT IN AUSTRALIA
🞆 Topic: Levels of Government in Australia
🞆 Topic Sentence: There are three levels of government
in Australia
🞆 Supporting Sentences:

1. The Commonwealth looks after areas of national

importance such as postal services, foreign affairs, and
collecting and distributing taxes. It also supervises the
armed forces.
2. The State Governments' responsibilities include
hospitals, schools and the state police forces.
3. Local concerns, such as suburban streets and
garbage services, are looked after by Local Government.
o Concluding Sentence: Hence, in general, the

responsibilities of each level of government are

appropriate to the geographical area it serves.
EXAMPLE MODEL PARAGRAPH: LEVELS OF
GOVERNMENT IN AUSTRALIA
There are three levels of government in
Australia. First, the Commonwealth looks after
areas of national importance such as postal
services, foreign affairs, and collecting and
distributing taxes. It also supervises the armed
forces. Second, the State Governments'
responsibilities include hospitals, schools and the
state police forces. Third, local concerns, such as
suburban streets and garbage services, are
looked after by Local Government. Hence, in
general, the responsibilities of each level of
government are appropriate to the geographical
area it serves.
4. WHAT ARE THE QUALITIES OF A
PARAGRAPH?
🞆 There are 4 qualities of a paragraph: flow,
focus, form, and function.
LET US PRACTICE
A. Directions: Create your own paragraph
guide of the given topic. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

Topic: My Best Grade 7 Moments

Topic Sentence:
Supporting Details:
1.
2.
3.
Concluding sentence:
Quality Description
Flow Each sentence follows the one before it
(coherence) Focus The paragraph revolves
around one idea (unity) Form The paragraph
follows a certain structure Function The paragraph
serves a role

B. Directions: After filling out the paragraph guide, create a model

paragraph showing all the ideas presented in Letter A. Write your
model paragraph on your paper.
LET US REMEMBER
A. paragraph is a building block of essay
development, and paragraphs provide the structure
needed to develop the thesis of a paper.
B. Parts of a paragraph includes the topic sentence,
supporting details, and the conclusion.
C. There are three places where a topic sentence is
usually found: first part, middle part, and last part.
D. There are two kinds of topic sentence:
interrogative or question and declarative or
statement.
E. Before making a paragraph, create a paragraph
organizer first to better outline your ideas.
F. There are 4 qualities of a paragraph: flow, focus,
form, and function
LET US APPRECIATE
🞆 It is very important that a student would be
able to convey his or her ideas in writing.
Reflect on the following questions:
🞆 1. Have you experienced giving information
in which the person your talking did not
understand?
🞆 2. What might happen if your letter or speech
is unorganized? Do you think that the
listeners would be able to truly understand?
Write your answers on your paper.
LET US PRACTICE MORE
Directions: Analyze the sentences. Copy the given sentences below
on your paper and number them from 1-6.
_________ For example, it is nearly impossible to go to your average
supermarket and be able to find unprocessed fruits or vegetables.
_________ Another way child become obese is through their families.
_________ What may have been okay to eat many years ago around
the table might be killing us now, since foods have been processed
more and more since the 1940’s.
_________ All in all, it can be very difficult for families to provide
children with the right nutrition and knowledge they need to not
become obese.
_________ Also, the fruits are pumped with color if they don’t look
pretty enough.
_________ You would have to ask for organic; if it isn’t, that means “it”
was probably grown in a field full of pesticides and insecticides.
EVALUATION
This part includes two parts: paragraph guide and model
paragraph. Write your answers on your paper.
A. Directions: Create a paragraph guide of your chosen
topic. Use the paragraph guide given below. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Topic: _______________________________________________
Topic
sentence______________________________________________
Support facts/Details:
1._______________________________________________________
2._______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
Concluding sentence:
__________________________________________________
🞆 B. Directions: Create a model paragraph using
the paragraph guide on Letter A. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper. Be guided
with the rubric below in writing your paragraph.

🞆 PARAGRAPH WRITING RUBRIC

-main topic idea -4pts
-supporting details-4pts
-elaborating sentences-4pts
-legibility-4pts
-mechanics/grammar-4pts
-total- 20 pts