EARTH

Rocks
 PRAYER

Heavenly Father
and your Beloved Son Jesus Christ,
Thank you for another life to enjoy,
another day to learn,
and a new set of things we will experience.
As we go through our lessons today,
may let us be instruments to do good things.
Help us be obedient,
honest, and kind to one another. Amen.
 HOUSE RULES

1. If you want to 2. If I raise my hand 3. If you want to

answer the into a fist meaning use comfort room
question raise your the class need to just make a hand
flag. be quiet sign C.
Rocks
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
classify rocks as to
Identify the igneous, appreciate the
three types of sedimentary and importance of
rocks metamorphic rocks in our daily
rocks; and life.
 REVIEW

COLOR

STREAK

HARDNESS

CLEAVAGE

CRYSTALINE

DIAPHANEITY

LUSTER

TENACITY
 A rock is a naturally occurring
solid aggregate of one or more
minerals. The aggregate
minerals forming the rocks are
held together by chemical
bonds. Grains can be different
in color, texture, and sizes.
 Many rocks contain silica
(SiO2); a compound of silicon
and oxygen that forms 74.3% of
the Earth's crust. This material
forms crystals with other
compounds in the rock.
ACTIVITY
1
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
rocks form from the
cooling of melted
rock/solidification (either
lava or magma).

Is formed from hardening

and crystallization of
magma or molten
material that originates
deep within the earth
EXTRUSIVE ROCKS
 Formed from
lava “exiting”
the volcano
and cooling
quickly
 Formed fine
grains crystals
EXTRUSIVE ROCKS
the crystals tend to be small or fine grained.

RHYELITE BASALT ANDESITE

 INTRUSIVE ROCKS
 Intrusive igneous
rock that cools
slowly can form a
mixture of large
crystals and are
said to be coarse
grained.
 IGNEOUS ROCKS
INTRUSIVE/PLUTONIC ROCK EXTRUSIVE/VOLCANIC ROCK

If the cooling occurs If the cooling occurs on

underground, the the earth's surface, the
rock is an intrusive, rock is an extrusive or
or plutonic, igneous volcanic rock. Solidify
rock. Take a long time quickly. It is Molten
material within the Earth
to solidify into rock.s
id called “LAVA” once it
ejected.
 Crystalline Extrusive Igneous Rocks

 Formed from lava “exiting” the volcano and

cooling quickly
 Formed fine grains crystals

BASALT RHYOLITE
 Igneous rocks are classified based on
1. Composition- it refers to rock’s mineral and chemical
make-up
Felsic – generally light colored and contains a high
concentration of silica

Feldspar Silicates Granite

 Igneous rocks are classified based on
1. Composition- it refers to rock’s mineral and chemical
make-up
Mafic rock- generally dark colored and contains a
low concentration of silica; made up of magnesium,
calcium and iron

MIca Basalt Gabbro

 Igneous rocks are classified based on
1. Composition- it refers to rock’s mineral and chemical
make-up
Intermediate – refers to igneous rocks between
mafic and felsic composition

Diorite Andesite
 Igneous rocks are classified based on
1. Composition- it refers to rock’s mineral and chemical
make-up
Ultramafic – denotes igneous rocks that composed
chiefly of mafic minerals.

Peridotite Komatiite
 Igneous rocks are classified based on
2. Texture - overall appearance of a rock based on the size,
shape, and arrangement of interlocking mineral crystals
 Aphanitic – fine-grained rocks with crystals seen by
aid of microscope.

Andesite Rhyolite
 Igneous rocks are classified based on
2. Texture - overall appearance of a rock based on the size,
shape, and arrangement of interlocking mineral crystals
Phaneritic - coarse-grained rocks

Diorite Gabbro
 Igneous rocks are classified based on
2. Texture - overall appearance of a rock based on the size,
shape, and arrangement of interlocking mineral crystals
Porphyritic –defined by the presence of larger crystals,
called phenocrysts, surrounded by a matrix of
considerably smaller crystals or igneous glass, called
groundmass.

Porphyritic trachyte with large phenocrystals of alkali feldspar (white-pink) surrounded by a very fine-grained groundmass of plagioclase and biotite. 5.1 cm across.
Bannockburn, Ontario, Canada. Photo © James St. John.
 Igneous rocks are classified based on
2. Texture - overall appearance of a rock based on the size,
shape, and arrangement of interlocking mineral crystals
Glassy - a rock that looks like colored glass with
no visible mineral

Obsidian
 Igneous rocks are classified based on
2. Texture - overall appearance of a rock based on the size,
shape, and arrangement of interlocking mineral crystals
Pyroclastic- results from explosive fragmentation
of volcanic material
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
All types of rock are
continuously being
broken down into
small fragments called
sediment.
This sediment can be
compressed or
cemented together to
form sedimentary rock
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Particles of sand,
shells, pebbles, and
other fragments of
materials called
sediments, accumulate
in layers and over long
period of time harden
into rocks.
Sedimentary rocks are classified based on
1. Chemical Sedimentary Rock- are formed by
precipitation of minerals from water or by alteration of
already existing material in place.

formed from the

cementation of large
pieces of broken
shells.
.
Coquina Limestone
Sedimentary rocks are classified based on
1. Chemical Sedimentary Rock- Formed by minerals that
were once dissolved in water but as the water
evaporated the minerals formed rocks called evaporites.

all rocks composed

primarily of
microcrystalline,
cryptocrystalline and
microfibrous quartz

Chert
Sedimentary rocks are classified based on
2. Organic Sedimentary Rock- Organic sedimentary
rocks form from the accumulation and lithification of
organic debris, such as leaves, roots, and other plant or
animal material.

undecayed organic
matter

COAL
Sedimentary rocks are classified based on
2. Organic Sedimentary Rock- Organic sedimentary
rocks form from the accumulation and lithification of
organic debris, such as leaves, roots, and other plant or
animal material.

formed from the

shells of many
aquatic organisms.

Fossiliferous Limestone
Sedimentary rocks are classified based on
3. Clastic sedimentary rocks - are classified according to
the grain size of the sediment and the kinds of rock
fragments that make up the sediment .

Composed of Clasts

Sandstone
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Rocks form when
existing rocks are
subjected to intense
heat and pressure,
usually deep below the
earth's surface. These
conditions change the
original minerals of the
rock into new minerals.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
 Exposure of sedimentary
or igneous rocks to high
pressure.
 High temperature deep
within Earth’s surface.
 Prior to the metamorphism,
the original rock which can
either be igneous rock,
sedimentary rock, or a
metamorphose, is referred to
as the “protolith”. .
Metamorphic rocks are classified based on
1. Regional metamorphism (dynamothermal
metamorphism)

These rocks were typically

exposed to tectonic forces
and associated high
pressures and temperatures.
They are usually foliated and
deformed and thought to be
remnants of ancient
mountain ranges.
Regional Metamorphic Rock Facies

Zeolite

low temperature,
low pressure
 Regional Metamorphic Rock Facies

Zeolite
Prehnite‐pumpellyite

low temperature, low‐

medium pressure
 Regional Metamorphic Rock Facies

Zeolite
Prehnite‐pumpellyite

Greenschist

low‐medium
temperature, low‐
medium pressure
 Regional Metamorphic Rock Facies

Zeolite
Prehnite‐pumpellyite

Greenschist
Blueschist

low‐medium
temperature, low‐
medium pressure
 Regional Metamorphic Rock Facies

Zeolite
Prehnite‐pumpellyite

Greenschist
Blueschist
Amphibolite

medium‐high
temperature, medium‐
high pressure
 Regional Metamorphic Rock Facies

Zeolite
Prehnite‐pumpellyite

Greenschist
Blueschist
Amphibolite
Granulite
high temperature, high
pressure
Metamorphic rocks are classified based on
1. Contact metamorphism (thermal metamorphism)

is the process by which

the country rock that
surrounds a hot magma
intrusion is
metamorphosed by the
high heat flow coming
from the intrusion.
 Classification
• Foliation - any planar arrangement of mineral
grains or structural features within the rock.
a. Foliated rocks – can be
arranged in terms of
increasing
metamorphism, and it
appeared layered or
banded with compressed
mineral grains.
 Classification
b. Non-foliated rocks – usually made up of only
few minerals.
 Go on a ROCK hunt
1. Collect ten rock samples from your garden or
yard.
2. Using a magnifying glass, observe the rocks.
3. Create a grouping of the rocks based on your
observation.
4. Label your rock samples as samples 1 to 10. Take
the picture of the rock and print it or draw the
rocks then put it in the long bondpaper together
with the description.
 Rock Observed
sample
properties/characteristics

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