FIRE FIGHTING ROBO

Arduino Uno (R3)

As we discussed we know that Arduino Uno is the most standard board available and
probably the best choice for a beginner. We can directly connect the board to the
computer via a USB Cable which performs the function of supplying the power as well
as acting as a serial port.

Vin: This is the input voltage pin of the Arduino board used to provide input supply
from an external power source.
5V: This pin of the Arduino board is used as a regulated power supply voltage and it is
used to give supply to the board as well as onboard components.
3.3V: This pin of the board is used to provide a supply of 3.3V which is generated
from a voltage regulator on the board
GND: This pin of the board is used to ground the Arduino board.
Reset: This pin of the board is used to reset the microcontroller. It is used to Resets
the microcontroller.
Analog Pins: The pins A0 to A5 are used as an analog input and it is in the range of 0-5V.
Digital Pins: The pins 0 to 13 are used as a digital input or output for the Arduino board.
Serial Pins: These pins are also known as a UART pin. It is used for communication
between the Arduino board and a computer or other devices. The transmitter pin
number 1 and receiver pin number 0 is used to transmit and receive the data resp.
External Interrupt Pins: This pin of the Arduino board is used to produce the External
interrupt and it is done by pin numbers 2 and 3.
PWM Pins: This pins of the board is used to convert the digital signal into an analog by
varying the width of the Pulse. The pin numbers 3,5,6,9,10 and 11 are used as a PWM
pin.
SPI Pins: This is the Serial Peripheral Interface pin, it is used to maintain SPI
communication with the help of the SPI library. SPI pins include:
SS: Pin number 10 is used as a Slave Select
MOSI: Pin number 11 is used as a Master Out Slave In
MISO: Pin number 12 is used as a Master In Slave Out
SCK: Pin number 13 is used as a Serial Clock
LED Pin: The board has an inbuilt LED using digital pin-13. The LED glows only when the
digital pin becomes high.
AREF Pin: This is an analog reference pin of the Arduino board. It is used to provide a
reference voltage from an external power supply.
A fire fighter's work entails detecting and extinguishing fires. In this rapidly evolving
technological age, the world is gradually moving toward automated systems. Firefighters, on the
other hand, are often in danger of losing their lives. The majority of the deaths were caused by
toxic gases found in the firefighting environment. As a result, in order to resolve these issues,
our system was developed a fire-fighting robot. This firefighting robot uses ARDUINO, Fire
sensors, etc. When the Robot detects a fire, it gives a message to the ARDUINO. Then ARDUINO
sends the signal to the motor driver and thus water is sprayed in the direction of the fire. It
assists firefighters in extinguishing the fire. And it will perform its operation where firefighters
can’t reach. This will save the risk of fire fighters' life and avoid any further damage.

Firefighting and rescue activity are considered risky mission. They are an ideal target for robot
technology to keep away fire fighters from danger. Moreover, it makes possible to rescue much
more victims. Some fire departments have already developed and deployed fire fighting and
rescue robots. However, the performance of the robots is not enough. The author considers and
examines them from two points of view: "size and weight" and "cost and performance". Base on
the considerations, the author proposes five important elements to develop useful and
reasonable priced robots for fire departments. The robots should make possible to save and
rescue much more lives
 I. INTRODUCTION
One of the most important parameter in fire disaster is life, i.e. lives lost in saving someone else
life. It is sometimes impossible for fire-fighters personnel to access the site of a fire because of
explosive materials, smoke, and high temperatures. A fast response to detect the fire can avoid
many disastrous things. From the given statics (Fig.1), it is observed that fire can take place at
domestic as well as at industrial level. A normal spark can generate a massive fire breakout. Not
only lives of industrial people but also the lives of domestics people is at risk because of poor fire
management system. But it can be avoided using proper fire controlling methods. For such
environments, fire-fighting robot is proposed. In today’s generation a lot of robots are proposed
and designed to remove the human factor from dangerous and deadly work. The use of robots is
becoming very common that safely completes the labour intensive or deadly work for human
beings. A Fire Extinguishing Robot is based on IOT Technology. In Fire Extinguishing robot, we
intend to build a system that could extinguish a small flame by sensing and moving to the location
itself. It will automatically detect the fire with the help of flame sensors. Once it detects the fire
breakout location, it navigates itself accordingly to reach the fire source and extinguishes the fire
by using built-in fire extinguishing system. For fire detection it is using three flame sensors. First
one for the left direction, second one for the forward direction and third one for the right
direction. Fire extinguishing system will get activated when fire detection system detects fire. It
then reaches the breakout point and water pump will start ejecting the water when it detects fire.
The key features of this system is to provide surveillance of fire so that major fire accidents can be
prevented and loss of human lives gets minimized.
II. METHODOLOGY The theme of this paper is to automatically sense the environmental fire
and extinguish it without human intervention. The methodology is divided into three parts.
The first part is on the design structure, followed by hardware description and the finally on
the programming design. All these three parts were assembled together and experiments
were then performed to build a system that can extinguish the fire that was carried out. Design
Structure In this section, the prototype of robotic system is presented, in which it consists of IR
flame sensors, servo motors, submersible water pump, motor driver, mini breadboard, BO
motors, rubber wheels, processor, and communication module for exchanging data between
the fire-fighting robot and Arduino software. The robot carries four main functions: First, it
initializes itself i.e. its sensors gets initializes as the power is supplied. Second, robot sense the
surrounding environment (for instance for the level of temperature) and identify the fireplace.
Third, robot sends the navigating information and starts to navigate itself towards the
fireplace. Fourth, finally the robot starts to extinguish the fire with the help of servo motors
and submersible water pump.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE  Expanding and fortifying the robot’s chassis to enable it to carry even
more water and possible a CO2 cannister.  Upgrading the batter pack to increase its operating
time.  Upgrading the water pump and to combat fires from farther away.  Adding more
capable and sensitive sensors to detect fire and survivors from farther and through obstacles. 
Adding GSM e-sims module to enable full control while still relaying to operators from much
further away  Including multiple GPS modules to relay highly accurate positioning data. 
Integrating more advanced Image Processing System (IPS) and System on Chip (SoC) to
increase its processing power to enable faster decision making.