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Introduction To Physics For Engineers 1

This paper contains information, answers and calculations in physics

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King Gadaoni
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85 views23 pages

Introduction To Physics For Engineers 1

This paper contains information, answers and calculations in physics

Uploaded by

King Gadaoni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS


Objectives
• Identify unit and measurement

• Recognize with basic trigonometry concept

• Describe diff erence between scalar and


vector quantity

• Determine the component of a 2D vector


PHYSICS
is the natural science that studies
matter, its fundamental constituents, its
motion and behavior through space and
time, and the related entities of energy
and force. Physics is one of the most
fundamental scientifi c disciplines, with
its main goal being to understand how
the universe behaves.
Units and
Measurement

Abbreviatio Abbreviatio
Factor Prefix Factor Prefix
n n
yotta Y deci d
zetta Z centi c
exa E milli m
peta P micro
tera T nano n
giga G pico p
mega M femto f
kilo k atto a
Confi dence-building strategies
hecto h zepto z
deka da yocto y

Example:
1,000,000 m = m = ; 0.000001 m = =
Unit
Conversion
Volume
Factors
Length

Speed
=
=
= =
= =
= = =

Mass

Angle
Unit
Conversion Force

Factors
Energy

= =
Pressure

=
=

Power
Systems of Units

MKS units
• MKS stands for meter-kilogram-second. It is a system that uses meter,
kilogram and second as base units to measure distance, mass and time,
respectively.

SI Units
• The International System of Units, abbreviated as “SI” after the French
“Systeme International d’Unites”, is a modern version of the metric system
which has received worldwide recognition. The SI system defi nes length in
meters (m), time in seconds (s), and mass in kilograms (kg). The unit of force,
called a newton (N).

English Units
• In this system of units, length is measured in feet (ft), time in seconds, and
force in pounds (). The unit of mass is in slug or in pounds .
Systems of Units
Sample Problems

Convert the following


1. 1,125 meter to kilometer.
2. 250 mm to m.
3. 65 mph to m/s
4. 5000 psi to Pa
5. 400 ft-lb to kN-m

6. The highest waterfall in the world is Angel Falls in Venezuela, with a total
drop of 979 m. Express this drop on feet.
7. A farmer wishes to put a perimeter fence for his farm. The following are the
length of each sides: 0.15 km, 328 ft, 170 yd, and 0.06 mile. How much he
will spend if it cost 15 pesos per meter?
Sample Problems

On a sunny day, a tall building casts a shadow that is 67.2 m long. The angle
between the sun’s rays and the ground is . Determine the height of the
building.
Sample Problems

A lakefront drops off gradually at an angle 𝜃 , as fi gure below indicates. For safety
reasons, it is necessary to know how deep the lake is at various distances from the shore.
To provide some information about the depth, a lifeguard rows straight out from the shore

the lifeguard determines the depth to be 2.25m. (a) what is the value of 𝜃? (b) what would
as distance of 14 m and drops a weight fi shing line. By measuring the length of the line,

be the depth of the lake at a distance of 22 m from the shore?


Fundamental Quantities of Physics

1. Force – is commonly considered as a push or a pull exerted by one body on


another.
2. Distance – a scalar quantity and a numerical measurement of how far apart
objects or points are. In SI system of units is measured in meters (m),
millimeter (mm) or centimeter (cm).
3. Time – commonly used is the second, although in some cases larger units
of minutes and hours are used.
4. Mass – is the quantity of matter which occupies space and is measured in
Kilogram (kg).
5. Weight – is a vector quantity and in science and engineering, the weight of
an object is the force acting on the body due to gravity. In SI units, Weight
is in Newton (N), kilo -Newton (KN).
Scalar and Vector Quantity

1. Scalar Quantities – are quantities which possess magnitude only.


Ex. Area, volume, mass, distance, speed, time, charge, temperature,
pressure, density, work, energy, power, capacitance & etc.

2. Vector Quantities – are quantities which possess direction as well as


magnitude.
Ex. weight, force, displacement, velocity, electric fi eld, magnetic fi eld,
impulse, momentum, torque, & etc.
Components of a Force

Figure below shows the x and y axis with the original force F inclined at
angle θ with the x – axis and resolved into its x and y components (Fx and Fy)
respectively. The value of Fx, Fy and θ can be computed using the principle
learned in Trigonometry.

To determine the value of Fy,

To determine the value of Fx,


Components Method
Components Method

Graphically, the resultant of each vector makes a right triangle with the
x-components and y-components of each vector. Therefore, to determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant:
Sample Problems

A car moves along a straight line, with a displacement vector of 275m, due
east. Then, the car moves again in the same direction, with a displacement
vector of 125m, due east. Determine the resultant vector.
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
Solve for Fx and Fy:
Sample Problems

A car moves along a straight line, with a displacement vector of 275m, due
east. Then, the car moves again, with a displacement vector of 125m, due
north. Determine the resultant vector.
Resultant of 3 or more forces:

• To fi nd their resultant graphically, draw the


vectors representing each force tail to tip. The
resultant is the vector to be drawn from the tail
of the fi rst vector to the tip of the last vector.

• Letter R in the fi gure is the Resultant


Force/vector, and angle θ is the Direction Angle
of the Resultant Force/vector which is always
measured from the horizontal.

• For analytical solution, the resultant will be


determined by the algebraic sum of the x-
components (Fx); then the algebraic sum of the
y-components (Fy).
Sample Problems

Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces shown in
the fi gure below.

Alternate Solution:
Sample Problems

In the fi gure, T1= 300N and T2= 150N. Determine the magnitudes of T3 and W
for equilibrium. Draw the force system (or FBD of the forces) and apply equations
of equilibrium.
THANK YOU

Engr. Jed Christian A .


Velarde
Instructor I

Consultation Sched:
Mon / 11:00-12:00
CET Faculty Offi ce

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