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Rise of Ummayads

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22 views8 pages

Rise of Ummayads

Uploaded by

Ifrah Diane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rise of the Ummayads

Who were the Ummayyads?


• Banu Ummayya was an important clan from
the Quraish tribe. They were the descendants
of Ummaya ibn Abd Shams who held the
position of a commander of the people of
Makkah at wartimes.
• This position oversaw political and military
matters in Makkah.
• Some people from this clan include Hazrat
Uthman (RA), Abu Sufyan (RA) and his son
Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan.
Amir Muawiyah (RA)
• Amir Muawiya (RA) became Muslim after the
Conquest of Makkah and was appointed as a
deputy commander in the Conquest of Syria by
Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), then as the governor of
Damascus by Hazrat Umar (RA), and the governor
of Syria by Hazrat Uthman (RA), but conflicts arose
between him and Hazrat Ali (RA)
• After the death of Hazrat Ali (RA) he claimed
caliphate and founded the Ummayad Dynasty.
• In the early years the dynasty faced rebels from the
supporters of Hazrat Ali (RA), but became stable
The reign of Abd Al-Malik
• After the death of Muawiyah II,who was the grandson of
Amir Muawiyah, the caliphate was passed to Marwan
ibn Hakam,thus the line of Marwanid line of Umayyad
Dynasty began.
• After his demise,his son,Abd Al Malik became the
caliph(685AD-705AD).
• Under the rule of Abd al Malik, the Ummayad state grew
and rose up.
• Hajjaj ibn Yusuf was a commander of Abd al Malik who
occupied Makkah and other important places in the
region.
Tariq ibn Ziyad
• He was a Berber commander who served the
Ummayad caliphate and initiated the Muslim
Ummayad conquest of present day Spain and
Portugal in 711-718AD.
• The governor of Ceuta(southern port city of Spain)
appealed to the muslims for help as he was having a
dispute with the Spanish king Roderick.
• Musa ibn Nusair,an arab conquerer of
Morocco,responded to the this request and sent his
general Tariq bin Ziyad for this mission.
Contd.
• Tariq bin Ziyad in 711 AD,crossed the strait of
Gibraltar from northern Africa with an army of
about 7000 soldiers.
• As he landed and saw the enemy soldiers
outnumbering his army(7000 vs 100,000),he
ordered his ships to be burned, so his troops
don’t even think of retreating or stepping back
from the battle.
Developments and innovations
• The Ummayads gave great importance to education.
• Arabic was declared as the official language.
• Medical books written in Arabic were translated into latin and
used in European universities.
• Agriculture and industry flourished and much trade was carried
on with North Africa.
• New methods of irrigation,fertilisation and crop rotation were
adopted alongwith introduction of fruits like apricot,sugarcane
and almonds.
• During the Ummayad rule coins had phrases from the Quran
stamped on them.these were the first coins in history,minted
by a muslim government.
Fall of the Ummayad dynasty
• One of the main causes of decline of the
Ummayad dynasty was the discrimination
against non-arab muslims(Mawalis)
• Internal conflicts for succession and power also
lead to their decline.
• Some of the muslim caliphs deviated from the
righteous path and fell for luxuries.
• The rule collapsed in 750AD after a rule of
about 90 years.

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