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#lESSON 5 - LENSES

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19 views42 pages

#lESSON 5 - LENSES

Uploaded by

Simon Chege
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Photographic

Lenses
Definition
• A lens is a convex glass
that is transport
allowing light to pass
through and converge
at a focal point to form
a real image
Category of
lenses
• The classification of lenses is based on
the behavior of the focal length in a Prime lens
lens barrel
• We have two categories
Prime lens: has a fixed focal length,
more to change focal length
Vari-focal lens/zoom lens: has a
changeable/variable focal length,
change to give a variety of focal lengths
e,g 50-100mm, 80-200mm
Vari-focal lens
Focal Length
• Focal length: distance between focus and
optical center.
• Focal length of a lens is the distance between
its optical centre to the focal point.
• Focal length is the distance between the
camera sensor and optical center of the
camera lens
• Focal length is the optical distance from the
point where light rays converge to form a
sharp image of an object to the digital sensor
• It is measured in mm
Types of lenses
• Types of type lenses is anchored on the optical characteristics associated with the focal length
• In other words, lenses are categorized on the basis of their focal lengths
• Focal length affects the angle of view of a lens as well
• Lesser the focal length, more the angle of view
Three types of lenses
 Wide angle lens-focal length range from 9mm-40mm
• It is also called short lens
• It has wide coverage/are of coverage
• Fish eye lens is a super wide lens (8mm and below)
• Items appear bigger
• Too wide angles distorts the image
Types of lenses
ii) Normal lens-these are lens whose ideal focal length is
50mm-60mm
• It is called a normal lenses because it share similar optical
dimensions and perspectives of object/subject in the
foreground, middle ground and background
• It produces field of view that appears "natural" to a
human observe [*diminishing of subject size to distance]
• Normal lenses are closer to the angle of view of human
eyes
• All perspectives, sizes and distances are seen through
normal lenses as seen by human eyes
Types of lenses
iii) Telephoto lens-the focal length
starts from 700mm and above
• It is referred to as a long lens
• It has smaller/narrow area of coverage
and captures subjects far of distance
in great details (close up of the scene)
• 400-2000m is a super telephone
Note: 18-105mm is a way of getting different capture details (focal length
characteristics ( a lens can cover all the types of lens e.g 18-105mm)
Types of lenses
• Iv) Micro lens/macro lens-lenses
have blind spots e.g
microphotography)
• Micro lens/macro lens magnifies
and maintains the background
information
• Micro lens goes beyond the lens
blind spot Macro photography
Longer focal lengths,
reduces the overall
perspective, the subject
gets closer and some
areas wont be clear
Shorter focal lengths
gives wide
perspectives and
overall more focused
• Focal lengths depends on the type of lens you use
• For example, a fisheye lens has focal length of 8mm and a
perspective of 180 degrees
• Other shorter lenses with focal length ranges of 8-25mm have view perspectives
ranging from 110-80 degrees
• These lenses are good for taking photos of mountains, landscapes and
architecture
• Standard lenses are great for taking pictures of parties, special events, parties,
portraits and regular photos
• They feature local lengths between 25-88mm and viewing perspective
between 85-25 degrees
Telephoto lenses have focal lengths between 85-160mm with a viewing perspective
between 25-10 degrees
• A super telephoto can range between a 160-600mm with a viewing perspective
between 10-2 degrees.
• Telephoto lenses can be great for shorting sports, animals, subjects at long
distances like the moon
Depth of Field
• Depth of field (DOF) is the clarity of details in the foreground, middle ground and background of
the picture
• DOF is an area in front of the camera where everything looks sharp and in focus
• DOF is the distance between the nearest and furthest objects in a photograph that looks
acceptably sharp.
• This crucial concept affects how you draw attention to your subject and creates a sense of focus
within the frame.
Depth of Field
• Detail of field depends on the focal lengths
There are two types of depth of field
• Great depth of field –means details in the foreground, middle and
background are sharp or visible
• Narrow depth of field-In shall depth of field only a portion is image
is in focus
Depth of Field
• Aperture is probably the first thing most photographers think of when they want
to adjust the depth of field.
• Large apertures(small F-stop numbers) produce shall depth of field
• Small apertures (large F-stop numbers) produce images with a large depth of field
Great or Shallow
depth of field?
Great or Shallow
depth of field?

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