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Epidemiology of HIV/ AIDS in India

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10 views12 pages

Epidemiology of HIV/ AIDS in India

Uploaded by

Dc Laishram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Epidemiology of HIV/ AIDS in

India

National AIDS Research


Institute, Pune, India
Indian HIV/ AIDS epidemic
[Important milestones]

1986 First report of HIV infections in sex workers in


Chennai, first report of AIDS in Mumbai
1989 HIV infection reported among intravenous
drug users in Manipur State
1991 Indian National AIDS Control Programme was
launched
2000- India PMTCT feasibility studies initiated by
01 NACO
2001 Indian pharmaceutical companies marketed
ARV drugs with considerable price reduction
Phases of spread of HIV epidemic in India
Phase I At risk Female sex Intravenous
population workers drug users

Phase II Bridge Male STD Other drug


population patients users

Phase III Low/ No risk Spouses of male Spouses of


population STD pts drug users

Phase IV Children of HIV Children of HIV


infected women infecteddrug
users

Commonest mode of HIV spread in India is by sexual route


Mother to child transmission is on the rise
HIV spread among intravenous drug users mostly in north-eastern states
Blood transfusion associated spread is on the decline
Factors related to HIV
infection
[STD clinic attendees in Pune]

* Practice of sex work


* No. of sex partners
* Receptive anal sex
* Females in sex work (FSW)
* Men having sex with FSW recently

* Lack of formal education


* Persons living away from family

* Previous / present STDs


* Absence of circumcision
AIDS Epidemiology
• Modes of transmission
Sexual 84.24%
Perinatal 26.1%
Blood 2.99%
IDUs 2.83%
Others 7.32%
Status of HIV epidemic in India
High prevalent States
States where HIV prevalence in antenatal women is 1% or
more.
Moderate prevalent States
States where the HIV prevalence in antenatal women is
less than 1% and prevalence in STD and other high risk
groups is 5% or more.
Low prevalent States
States where the HIV prevalence in antenatal women is
less than 1% and HIV prevalence among STD and other
high-risk group is less than 5%.
Clinical Profile of AIDS in South India

• Pulmonary tuberculosis (49.1%;


median duration of survival, 45
months)
• Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(6.1%;
median duration of survival, 24
months)
• Cryptococcal meningitis (4.7%; median
duration of survival, 22 months)
• CNS toxoplasmosis (3%; median
duration of survival, 28 months)
Autopsy finding in AIDS in Mumbai

• 85 adult brains studied with at least 21 sections from


each using routine and special stains
• CNS lesions observed in 67 cases (79%)
• Opportunistic infections were present in 33 cases
(39%)
• Toxoplasmosis (11 cases, 13%)
• Tuberculosis (10 cases, 12%),
• Cryptococcosis (seven cases, 8%)
• Cytomegalovirus infection (six cases, 7%)
Generic ART Medication in India
• Lamivudine+Zidovudine
• Efavirenz 600mg
• Nevirapine 200mg
• Didanosine-EC 250mg
• Didanosine-EC 400mg
• Stavudine 30mg
• Stavudine 40mg
• Lamivudine 150mg
• Zidovudine 300mg
• Indinavir 400 mg
Healthcare Resources
• National AIDS Cotrol Organization
• Hospitals (Government and Private)
• Researchers
• NGOs
• CBOs
• Free ART programme from the National
AIDS Control Programme
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION
PRESENTED BY:-
BIMOJIT IROM,
MANGLEM SAGOLSHEM

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