Development Environment and

Software
Arduino IDE. Sketch. Functions. Debugging

Svetlin Nakov
SoftUni Buditel
Table of Contents
1.Arduino IDE
2.Sketch
3.Basic Arduino IDE Functions
 Basic Functions. Variables. Libraries

4.Debugging and Serial Communication

 Serial Monitor

5.Examples
2
 Arduino IDE
Introduction. Main View. Toolbar
Arduino IDE
 Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
is used to write and upload programs to Arduino
compatible boards
 Supports the languages C and C++
 Start with Arduino IDE:
 Download and install from:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
 Install needed Board Manager library
and selecting your board
 Select the correct COM port for the board
Note: for detailed instructions read the provided guidelines! 4
Select Your Board: NodeMCU
1.0

5
Select the Correct COM Port

6
Arduino IDE – Main View
Arduino IDE
Sketch version
name

Menu
s Toolbar
buttons
Code
area Upload
status
message
Configur
Messag
es from ed
the board
system and
COM
port 7
Toolbar Buttons
 Verify – check the code for errors
 Upload – compile and upload the code to the
board
 New – create a new sketch
 Open – open a saved sketch
 Save – save the sketch
 Serial Monitor – display serial
data sent from the board 8
 Sketch
Structure. Creating a Sketch
Sketch – Structure
 The Sketch is the main code (program), created in
Arduino IDE
 Generates a Hex File which is uploaded on the
board
void setup() {
 Requires two basic functions:
// Initialization of variables, pin modes, li-
braries
// Runs only once after each power up or reset
}
void loop() {
// Loops the code consecutively
}
10
Creating a Sketch
Create new or
 Edit open an  Verify  Upload
existing
sketch

Save Verify if the Upload the

the sketch is sketch on the
sketch compiling microcontroller

Edit
here

11
Problem: Blink Example
 Try out an example sketch!
 Open the sketch from File->Examples-
>01.Basics->Blink
 Compile (verify) the sketch
 Upload the sketch to the ESP
 Watch the light blink

12
Arduino Examples
 Arduino IDE has built-in code samples in
Examples section:

13
Opening Sketch – "Blink"
Example

14
Compiling the "Blink" Example

15
Uploading the "Blink" Example

16
The "Blink" Example in Action

17
 Basic Arduino IDE
Functions
Basic IDE Functions. Variables. Libraries
Hardware Related Functions
 pinMode() – setup the I/O functions of hardware
pins
pinMode(2, OUTPUT) pinMode(D4, INPUT)

digitalWrite(16,
digitalWrite() HIGH) –/ set a pin to a digital level
digitalWrite(D0,
HIGH)

digitalRead(16)
digitalRead() – return the given pin value
/ digitalRead(D0)

 delay(1000)
delay() // – pause
pause forfor the given milliseconds
1 second
19
Flow-Control: If-Else, for, Do-
While
 Examples:
for loop for (int i = 0; i <= 255; i+
+) {
analogWrite(PWMpin, i);
if (x > 120) {
delay(10);
digitalWrite(13,
}
HIGH);
} else {
do-
digitalWrite(13, LOW); do { while
} delay(50);
if – else
constructi x =
on readSensors();
} while (x < 100);
20
Variables
 Variables – used for storing data (from sensors
or a calculation)
 Declaring variable – define its type and
(optionally) set an initial value
int onboardLED = 16;
(initialize the
byte brightness = 13;
variable)

 Rollover – when variables exceed their

byte x; byte x;
maximum
x = 0; capacity, they
x ="roll
255; over" back to
their
x = x minimum capacityx and
- 1; // x = 255 = x +vice
1; //versa
x = 0
21
Variable Types
Size
Type Value Range
(Bytes)
boolean True or False 1
char -128 to 127 1
byte 0 to 255 1
int -32768 to 32767 2
unsigned int 0 to 65535 2
long -2147483648 to 2147483647 4
unsigned
0 to 4294967295 4
long
-3.4028235E+38 to
float 4
3.4028235E+38
22
Libraries
 Libraries provide extra functionality for use in
sketches:
 To connect with sensors
 To manipulate data, etc.
 Use a library from:
 Sketch > Include Library
 #include<> statement will
be added to
#include <Ser-
the sketch
vo.h> 23
Problem: Internal LED Blink
 Make the blue internal LED blink by keeping it ON for 1
seconds and OFF for 2 second
 Warning: NodeMCU ESP-12E module has 2 build-in LEDs – on
GPIO 2 and GPIO 16 (find the one, shown on the picture)
 Connect the module to the computer and configure Arduino
IDE to the correct COM port
 Write the code
 Verify if the code is compiling
 Upload the sketch to the board
Note: The internal LED is ON on LOW voltage and OFF on
HIGH voltage 24
Solution: Internal LED Blink
 You can load sample code from:
void setup() {
File > Examples > ESP8266 pinMode(16,
> Blink OUTPUT);
}
 In the example is used the built-in
variable LED_BUILTIN, whichvoidis loop() {
digitalWrite(16,
on GPIO2 LOW);
 In this case we use the LED ondelay(1000);
GPIO16 digitalWrite(16,
HIGH);
delay(2000);
25
Problem: Double Blink
 Make the Built-in and the Onboard internal LEDs
blink together
 First turn them ON and then OFF on 2 seconds
intervals
 After each blink reduce the interval with 50 ms
 When the interval becomes 100 ms, begin again
from 2 s

26
Solution: Double Blink
int LED1 = 2; void loop() {
int LED2 = 16; while (interval > 100) {
int interval = 2000; digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
void setup() { delay(interval);
pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(LED1, HIGH);
pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);
} delay(interval);
interval = interval - 50;
}
interval = 2000;
}
27
Problem: External LED Blink
 Use the diagram to create a
circuit with an external LED
 Use 100 Ohm resistor or higher
 Program the LED to turn ON
and OFF every 0.5 s
 After every fifth blink turn OFF
the LED for 2 s instead of 0.5 s

28
Solution: External LED Blink
void loop() {
blinkCounter++;
digitalWrite(LED, 1);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(LED, 0);
if (blinkCounter % 5 == 0)
{
delay(2000);
int LED = D7; // GPIO 13 }
else
int blinkCounter = 0; {
void setup() { delay(500);
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); }
} }
29
Debugging and Serial
Communication
Serial Monitor
Debugging
 Debugging in Arduino IDE is complicated
 The code depends on outputs / inputs of a physical
device
 Debugging a sketch includes:
 Checking the hardware:
 wires, components, etc.
 Trying to compile the code
 Look for syntax errors
 Code debugging with Serial Monitor:
 Read data from the device at each code step 31
Serial Monitor
 Serial Monitor displays messages sent from the
microcontroller
 Serial communications allow the microcontroller
to interact with the computer and other devices
 Serial.begin(baud rate) – start serial
communication
 baud rate – maximum transferred bits per
second
 Serial.println("{message}") – print message
from the board 32
Serial Communication –
Example
Baud
void setup() {
rate in
Serial.begin(9600); the code
}

void loop() {
Serial.println("Hello
world!");
delay(1000);
}
Set the same
baud rate in
the IDE

33
Serial.println(): Printing Text
+ Number
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
for (int i=1; i<=100; i++) {
// This will fail!
Serial.println("i = " + i);
// Use: print("i = "); println(i);
delay(1000);
}
}
34
Tinkercad Simulator –
Debugger

Use the button to

go through the
loop() method
Breakpoi
Read the Buttons for
debuggernt on pause and
line 6
instructions step over lines

ledValue
ledValue
==01
35
What Did We Learn Today?
 Arduino IDE is software for programming
microcontroller boards
 Sketch is the main program, uploaded to the
board. It needs 2 main methods:
 void setup() – runs only once at the beginning
 void loop() – runs repeatedly
 Contains built-in libraries and functions for
programming controllers:
 pinMode(), digitalRead(), digitalWrite(), delay()…
 Debugging is done by using Serial Communication
and checking the messages in the Serial Monitor
tool. 36
 Questions?
© SoftUni Buditel – https://buditel.softuni.bg. Copyrighted document. Unauthorized copy, reproduction or use is not permitted.