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Catheters and Guidewires

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Aditya singh Rawat
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19 views46 pages

Catheters and Guidewires

Uploaded by

Aditya singh Rawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wrapping

Teflon coated Heparin Coated

• Lowers coefficient of friction • Reduces the possibility of


between guide wire & blood clotting which can
vessel wall thus reducing result in an embolism in
the possibility of vessel the patient’s vessel
damage
• Easier passage of catheter
over guide wire
Lengths
 30 to 260 cm
 Shorter guide wires: 30 to 50 cm
 Average: 100 to 150 cm

Diameters
 0.014” (0.35 mm) to 0.052” (1.32mm)
 Factors: Needle gauge, vessel size, size of the lumen
of the catheter
 Normal adults: 0.035” (0.89 mm) to 0.038” (0.97mm)
E T E R S
CAT H
CATHETERS

 Long hollow tube with one to several holes at its


distal end

 Serves as a pipeline through which contrast is


injected

Catheter size is numbered in Fr.gauge


( Outer diameter )
Materials
 Teflon, Polyethylene, and Polyurethane

 Chosen is based on its ability to be manipulated within


the vessel

Manipulation
 Skills

 Memory of Catheter Capacity of Catheter to


retain its original shape
 Torque of Catheter
Increase Radiopacity and Torque control

Braided Catheters
Sizes

 Expressed in French scale: Refers to outer


diameter of catheter
 1 French = 0.33 mm or 1/3 mm
 Smaller French sizes used for children
 Adults usually require 4 or 5 French catheters
CATHETERS

Catheters are categorized into based on the following:

1) Coating of material

2) Radiopacity

3) Tip configuration

4) Shape
1. Coating of material

• TEFLON • POLYETHYLENE • POLYURETHANE

1. Lowest 1. Moderate 1. Memory,


coefficient of Coefficient Of softness and
friction Friction sterilization
requirements
2. Excellent memory 2. Softer Than Teflon same as
polyethylene
3. Ability to 3. Sterilized With
withstand high Hot/Cold Gas 2. Have better
temperature torque control
(autoclaved)
2. Radiopacity

Radiopaque Radiolucent

• Lead, Bismuth salt and • Employed for visualization


Barium salt added to plastic of air bubbles
material • Location obtained by
• Readily visualized under fluoroscoping the guide
fluoroscopy wire within the catheter
• Facilitates catheter lumen
placement
3. Tip configuration

 Distal end has specific shape and number of holes

 Smaller vessels only one end hole

 Larger vessels require catheters with multiple holes

 Catheters with one end hole, multiple side holes, without end hole and with
side holes
 Reduces trauma to the vessel

 Reduces recoil of high pressure injection

 But more potential for blood clotting


4.Shape

PIGTAIL SIMMONS JUDKINS COBRA


CLASSIFICATION OF CATHETERS

Diagnostic angiographic
catheters

Microcatheters

Drainage catheters

Balloon catheters

Central venous catheters


1. Diagnostic angiographic catheters

Side holes
 Single hole at the end
 End hole with side holes
 Blocked end with side holes

Sizes
 1F = 0.0131inch = 0.033mm
 Most commonly adult diagnostic work 5-7
Fr.catheters are used
PIGTAIL

4 and 5F
(6, 7, 8 and 9F)
Used in Thoracic and Abdominal
Aortography, Pulmonary Angiography,
Lower Limb Angiography
Drainage Procedures
65, 90, 110 cm
HEADHUNTER

Hinck hilal catheter (Head Hunter)


Used in 4 vessel cerebral angiogram , Upper extremity
100 cm
More tortuous and elongated arch

SIMMONS

• Used in Cerebral
angiography
• 100 cm
JUDKINS

LEFT RIGHT

• Used mostly in Cardiac


catheterization, Upper
extremity angiography
• Right and Left
• 100 cm
AMPLATZ

LEFT
RIGHT

• Used in Thoracic & Abdominal


Aortography , Pulmonary &
Lower limb angiography
• Right and Left
• 100 cm
COBRA

• Used in Abdominal
Aortography, Renal
Angiography
• 65, 85, 100 cm
TIGER

• Used in Cardiac or Coronary


angiography
• 100, 110 cm
RENAL DOUBLE
CURVE

• Used in Abdominal Aortography


and Renal Angiography
• 100 cm
BERENSTEIN

• Used in Cerebral angiography,


Uterine arteries
MANI

• Used in Cerebral
angiography,
Upper extremity
angiography
• 100 cm
SHEPHERD’S HOOK

• Side winder catheter.


• Used in Thoracic Aortography or
Abdominal angiography
NEWTON

• Used in Cerebral angiography


VERTEBRAL

• Used in Cerebral angiography


2 . Microcatheters

 Least: 1.2 F and Max: 3F


 Length: 150 cm
 Navigated into the lumen of blood vessel with micro
guide wires (.010 - .018 guide wire)
 Flow directed micro catheters: Slightly olive shaped
tip
 Uses: Tortuous intracranial vessels for delivery of
embolizing agents, stent placement
Types:
Over the wire: Used for aneurysm
Flow guided: Surface along blood stream
Combination of both: Used for embolization
3 . Drainage Catheters

 Used for drainage of fluid collection


 One or more lumina :
 Thin lumen – Flushing
 Large lumen - Maximize drainage of fluid
8F : GB Drainage
10 – 12F : Abdomen fluid collection
12F : Pleural space drainage
14 – 18F : Thick viscous fluid collection
Drainage Catheters
 Malecot Catheter

 Temporary drainage in cases of


medical procedure or medical issue
such as incontinence or kidney stones

 Distinguished by a winged design,


with small wings on the end of the
catheter which is inserted into the
body

 The wings stabilize the catheter and


hold it in place, reducing the risk that
it will slip or become dislodged
4 . Balloon Catheters

 7 to 9 F shaft with 4 to 20 mm balloon diameter

 2 to 10 cm balloon length

 Low pressure balloon material

 Occlusion Balloon Catheters: Occlude a vessel for diagnostic or


therapeutic purposes

 Made from steerable polyethylene catheter with latex balloon mounted


on top
5 . Central Venous Catheter
a) Non tunnelled catheters
Catheters are placed
via central veins by
blinded percutaneous
technique

Used for short term


access

Quinton catheter - Dialysis


b ) Tunnelled catheters

• Accessed externally and are designed for long term


home use

• Tunnelled catheters are passed under the skin from


the insertion site to a separate exit site

• Catheter and its attachments emerge from


underneath the skin.

• The exit site is typically located in the chest.

Hickman line Chemotherapy

Groshong line Long-term intravenous therapy


c ) Implanted subcutaneous port
• These are attached to the port that is buried subcutaneously for
stabilization

• Used for long term

• Availalble in single and dual port configuration and may be


placed either on chest wall or the upper arm
Sterilization

First catheters should be washed in water and with air


jets

Polyethylene Catheters are sterilized in solutions of


quaternary ammonium compounds or by gas.

Teflon, Nylon & Dacron catheters are autoclaved


maximum temp:121°C , Pressure:15 pounds for 15
min
References

 Special Radiographic Procedures – Albert M. Snopek

 Radiological Procedures - Bushan N. Lakhkar

 Interventional –II

New Extrusion Techniques Advance Catheter


Design
Posted in Extrusion by Jamie Hartford on February
20, 2013 Medical device and diagnostic industry
U …
YO
N K
H A
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