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9 views17 pages

Renewable PPT 1

Uploaded by

bekardummy86
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Optimizing Performance

of a 250KW Grid-
Connected PV Array
through Simulink
Simulation
Arpan Bajpai (21106020)
Deepak Kumar (21106031)
Purpose and Objectives

 The purpose of this mini-project is to design, simulate, and analyze a


250KW Grid Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Array system using
Simulink.
 It aims to explore the feasibility and potential of renewable energy
resources, particularly solar energy, in meeting electricity demand
while contributing to sustainable development.
 Evaluate the impact of factors such as solar irradiance, temperature
variations, and load changes on system performance.
 Implement control strategies within the Simulink model for maximum
power point tracking (MPPT) and grid synchronization.
 Optimize system parameters and control algorithms to enhance
energy capture and grid stability.
Basic components
of a grid-connected
PV system
 Solar Panels: Solar panels absorb energy
from the sunlight and promptly convert it into
a DC supply. That DC power is sent to a solar
inverter.

Solar Inverter: The inverter is an essential


component in the grid connected PV system.
It converts the DC power it receives from the
panels into AC power.
The inverter then sends the AC supply to
the house so that all the connected devices
can run on solar electricity.

 Net meter:The net meter withdraws


(imports) the exported units from the grid at
night. It keeps all the appliances running.
 Grid : Grid is the quintessential part of a
grid-connected PV system. It’s more of a sort
of battery since that’s where excess power
is sent and then taken back when needed.
So, it’s basically a sort of power backup.

 Mounting structures :Mounting structures


or mounting stands are structures where
the solar panels are mounted. They have to
be strong enough since solar panels have
weight.

 A 1 KW solar system mounted on 6ft to 9ft


raised mounting structures on an RCC
rooftop can easily weigh anywhere between
25-30 kg/ sq meter.
 Some other miscellaneous components that
are equally important parts of a grid
connected PV system include AC cables, DC
cables, AC combiner box, DC combiner box,
earthing strips and cables, and MC4
connectors.
Simulink Model
Description of components

 PV Array: The PV array consists of 86 parallel strings.


Each string has 7 SunPower SPR-415E modules
connected in series. Note that the model menu allows
you to plot the I-V and P-V characteristics of the
selected module or of the whole array.
 Three-phase DC/AC Converter: The converter is
modeled using a 3-level IGBT bridge PWM-controlled.
The inverter choke RL and a small harmonics filter C
are used to filter the harmonics generated by the
IGBT bridge. A 250-kVA 250V/25kV three-phase
transformer is used to connect the inverter to the
utility distribution system.
 Inverter Control: The control system contains five
major Simulink®-based subsystems:
 MPPT Controller: The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is
based on the 'Perturb and Observe' technique. This MPPT system automatically
varies the VDC reference signal of the inverter VDC regulator in order to obtain
a DC voltage which will extract maximum power from the PV array.
 VDC Regulator: Determine the required Id (active current) reference for the
current regulator.
 Current Regulator: Based on the current references Id and Iq (reactive
current), the regulator determines the required reference voltages for the
inverter. In our example, the Iq reference is set to zero.
 PLL & Measurements: Required for synchronization and voltage/current
measurements.
 PWM Generator: Generate firing signals to the IGBTs based on the required
reference voltages. In our example, the carrier frequency is set to 1980 Hz
(33*60).
 Utility Grid:It included two 25-kV feeders, loads, grounding transformer and an
equivalent 120-kV transmission system.
Design
Considerations

 Selection of appropriate blocks and


libraries within Simulink for PV array
modeling.
 Consideration of environmental factors
such as solar irradiance and
temperature variations in the
simulation model.
 Integration of control algorithms within
the Simulink model for maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) and grid
synchronization.
 Fine-tuning of control parameters to
optimize system performance under
varying operating conditions.
 Verification of model behavior under
different scenarios such as changes in
solar irradiance, temperature, and load
variations.
Result and
Analysis
 The initial input irradiance to the PV
array model is 1000 W/m2 and the
operating temperature is 45 degrees C.
 When steady-state is reached (around
t=0.15 sec.), we get a PV voltage
(Vdc_mean) of 481 V and the power
extracted (Pdc_mean) from the array is
236 kW. These values correspond very
well to the expected values from the PV
module manufacturer specifications.
 At t=0.3 sec, sun irradiance is rapidly
ramped down from 1000 W/m^2 to 200
W/m^2. Due to the MPPT operation, the
control system reduces the VDC
reference to 464 V in order to extract
maximum power from the PV array (46
kW).
Result and
Analysis
Challenges &
solutions
 Intermittency and Variability of
Solar Energy: Solar energy
generation is inherently intermittent
and variable due to factors like
weather conditions and time of day.
Balancing supply and demand on
the grid in real-time can be
challenging, especially when relying
heavily on solar power.
 Grid Stability and Power
Quality: Integrating a large-scale
PV array into the grid can impact
grid stability and power quality.
Challenges may arise in
maintaining voltage and frequency
within acceptable limits, especially
during periods of high solar
generation or rapid changes in load.
Challenges & solutions

 Grid Resilience and Security: Protecting the grid against potential


cybersecurity threats, physical attacks, or natural disasters is crucial
for ensuring resilience and reliability. Challenges may include
implementing robust security measures, establishing backup
systems, and developing contingency plans for emergency situations.

 Economic Viability and Cost Management: Maximizing the


economic viability of the grid-connected PV array while managing
costs effectively is a significant challenge.
Future scope

 Space-based Solar
Power: One futuristic
concept involves harvesting
solar energy in space using
satellites equipped with
solar panels. These satellites
would capture sunlight in
space, convert it into
electricity, and transmit it
wirelessly to Earth using
microwave or laser beams.
Future scope

 Solar-Powered
Agriculture: Agrivoltaics,
also known as solar farming
or dual-use agriculture,
involves the co-location of
solar PV arrays and
agricultural activities on the
same land. By providing
shade for crops, reducing
water evaporation, and
generating renewable
energy, agrivoltaics can
enhance land productivity
Future scope
 Solar Windows and
Building Materials:
Researchers are exploring the
integration of transparent
solar cells into windows and
building materials, turning
everyday surfaces into power-
generating assets. Solar
windows could generate
electricity while allowing
natural light to pass through,
offering both energy efficiency
and architectural innovation
Future scope

 Solar-Powered
Transportation: Solar
energy can be used to
power various modes of
transportation, including
electric vehicles (EVs),
buses, trains, and even
airplanes. Solar-powered
vehicles equipped with
integrated PV panels or
solar charging stations can
harness renewable energy
for zero-emission
transportation, reducing
dependence on fossil fuels
and mitigating air pollution.
Conclusion
In conclusion, grid-connected PV arrays represent
a transformative and sustainable solution for
meeting the world's growing energy needs. Their
advantages, including clean and renewable energy
generation, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and
decentralized power production, make them
invaluable assets in the transition to a low-carbon
future.

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