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Unit 1: Language Types of Language Translator System Software

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12 views18 pages

Unit 1: Language Types of Language Translator System Software

Uploaded by

ashutoshraghav01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 1

• Language
• Types of Language
• Translator
• System Software
Language
Language is a system for communication.
Computer Language
A computer language is the set of keywords, statement, comments and data address that a computer
can execute and give required results.
Computer Language Types
• Low Level Language
• High Level Language
Computer Language Types
• Low Level Language
• Machine Language
• Assembly Language

• High Level Language


• C
• C++
• Java
• Python
Advantage of High Level Languages over Low
Level Languages
• Easy to learn
• Less time
• Easy to maintain
• Better Documentation
Translator
• Compiler
• Interpreter
• Assembler
System Software
• Linker
• Loader
System Software
• Linker: The linker is responsible for combining object files, resolving symbol references, assigning
memory addresses, and producing the final executable or library. Here are the primary tasks the
linker performs:
• It resolves references to external symbols (functions or variables declared in one file but used
in another) by linking them to their definitions.
• The linker assigns final memory addresses to the code and data sections of the program,
determining where each symbol will reside in the executable's memory layout.
• It combines multiple object files generated by the compiler into a single executable or library.
• The linker generates the final executable file (e.g., .exe on Windows, or a binary file on Unix-
based systems) that can be run on the target machine.
System Software
• Loader: Its primary role is to load the executable file produced by the linker into memory and
prepare it for execution by the CPU. Here are the primary tasks the loader performs:
• The loader reads the executable file from disk.
• It allocates memory for the program's code, data, and stack segments.
• The loader maps the executable's sections (code, data, and heap) to appropriate locations in
the process's memory space.
• It initializes the stack with parameters and environment variables.
• After all the preparations, the loader transfers control to the program's entry point, allowing the
CPU to begin executing the program.
Compilation Process
Compiling a C Program
main.c
Compiling a C Program
• Step 1: Preprocessing
• Step 2: Compilation
• Step 3: Assembly
• Step 4: Linking

main.c main.i
Compiling a C Program
• Step 1: Preprocessing
• Step 2: Compilation
• Step 3: Assembly
• Step 4: Linking

main.c main.i main.s


Compiling a C Program
• Step 1: Preprocessing
• Step 2: Compilation
• Step 3: Assembly
• Step 4: Linking

main.c main.i main.s main.o


Compiling a C Program
• Step 1: Preprocessing
• Step 2: Compilation
• Step 3: Assembly
• Step 4: Linking

main.c main.i main.s main.o


main.exe
Compiling a C Program
• Step 1: Preprocessing
• Step 2: Compilation
• Step 3: Assembly
• Step 4: Linking

The process of compiling a C program involves generating several intermediate files. Below is the
summary of those files in the order in which they are generated:
• Source Code File (.c): The original high-level source code written by the programmer.
• Preprocessed File (.i): The output of the preprocessing step, containing expanded source code.
• Assembly File (.s): The output of the compilation step, containing assembly code.
• Object File (.o): The output of the assembly step, containing machine code.
• Executable File: The final output of the linking step, ready to be loaded and executed.
Thank You

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