Discuss the following:

1. What is Community Development?

Community
Development and
Mobilization
 What is community?
In biological terms, a 1. community is a group of interacting
organisms sharing a populated environment.
Traditionally, a 2.“community” has been defined as a group of
interacting people living in a common location.
The word “community” is derived from the Old French communit
which is derived from the latin communitas (3.cum, “with/together” +
4.munus, “gift”), a broad term for fellowship or organized society.
 Categories and types of Community
• Communities
• Communities of interest
• Identity based- communities
• Communities of need
• Communities of practices
Note: Chris Drew came up with these 21 different types of
communities fitting into each of the above categories:
 Communities of Place
• Urban community-(Big City/High Population) Unique
Infrastructure
• Rural community- (Provinces/low population) often
oriented around agrarian lifestyles, concern healthcare &
services.
• Suburban community- is a residential area that’s located
outside of city or town. (ex. Toril /Calinan /Marilog)
• Neighborhood- Refers to a small group of people who in
very close proximity may share local services.
• Suburb- bigger than neighborhoods but smaller than
cities
• National Community-a group of people within a country who share common
characteristics or interests. These characteristics or interests can be based on geography,
shared experiences, or common values.
• Global community- The global community encompasses
everyone in the world.
 Communities of Interest
• Subcultures- is a group of people within a larger culture, such as a
country, who have something in common. They might share religious or
political beliefs or be science fiction fans.
• Counter cultures- is a group of people who oppose mainstream
values and practices, and instead embrace alternative lifestyles and
ideologies. Countercultures often emerge in response to social alienation and
dislocation.
• Sporting Communities-a group of individuals who share a common interest in athletic
activities, often fostering teamwork, collaboration, and a sense of belonging. These communities can be
local or global, bringing together fans, players, and coaches through events, social media, and local
clubs.
 Identify-Based Communities
• Religious communities- They come together to worship
& cohere around spiritual beliefs & practices.
• Virtual communities- gets together online, In digital age,
people increasingly form identifies & support networks online
based.
• Ethic group- People with a shred ethnicity have common
history, practices, cultures & beliefs.
 Communities of Need
• Disables community- as with all communities of need
disable people come together to share their common
experiences, advocate & support one another.
• Deaf Community-Deaf people can come together
because they share a language.
• Elderly community- We see elderly communities coming
together to share a common experience of aging.
 Communities of practice
• Professional community- Group of people who share a profession
or expertise.
• Guilds & associations- Guilds & associations are like professional
communities but may not necessarily be connected to a profession.
• Business communities- This is a group of people who advocate for
business people & entrepreneurs.
• Economic communities- are larger scale than business
communities & linked to nation-state economies.
 Community Organizing
• (Levine, 2022) A set of methods, practices & strategies that address public problems and
strengthen people’s capacity to work together and exercise power.
• (Eduard C. Lindeman (1921)- To secure the highest services from its specialists
organizations, agencies, and institutions by means of recognized interrelations.
• Walter W. Pettit (1925)- Is assisting a group of people to recognize their common needs &
helping them to meet these needs.
• Sanderson & Polson (1939)- As a technique for obtaining consensus concerning both the
values that are most important for the common welfare & best means of obtaining them.
Note: Community organization is described as the orderly application of a relevant body
of knowledge, employing practice wisdom and learned behavior through characteristics,
towards community improvement (National Association of Social Workers)
 Community Development
5.Community Development is a process conducted by
community members. It is a process where local people can not only
create more jobs, income and infrastructure, but also help their
community become fundamentally better able to manage change.
Community development builds the five capitals of a community-
6-10. physical, financial, human, social and environmental.
 Community Plus Development
Community development combines the idea
of “community” with “development”.
11.“Development” is a process that increases
choices.
Development, Not Just Growth
12.Growth means more jobs and more investment but
implies “more of the same”.
Development can occur without growth and growth
can occur without development.
 Community Development or Economic
Development
13.Economic development is part of community development.
Economic development involves many of the elements of community
development, such as participation, rethinking, action learning, etc.
Economic development as part of community development seeks to
build all five community capitals, not only enhancing community’s
economy but its environment, social structures, attitudes and assets as
well.
 Community Development

Economic
Local IndustryCommjunity Development
Development
Development
 Community Development
Principles
1. Start where the people are – the existing concerns and situation
of people is the starting point of community development.
2. Community development creates a vehicle for people to act on
existing concerns.
3. The passion and enthusiasm of local people drives action.
Belief, motivation and commitment are the “fuel in the tank” of
community development.
4. Community ownership/involvement – the community makes and
implements decisions and community’s initiative and leadership
is the source of change.
5. People build motivation and community capacity through participation and active
involvement in decision-making and implementation.
6. 14.Inclusiveness – all citizens should be given an equal opportunity to be
involved.
7. 15. Effort is required to encourage diverse sectors of the community to
participate.
8. External facilitators and resource people are “invited in” to work with rural people,
rather than working for them, or delivering services to them. They have a
responsibility to challenge and suggest, but not make or influence community
decision-making.
9. Development activities foster leadership, entrepreneurship and altruism.
10. The existing capacity of people and their community needs to be recognized and
appreciated as well as creating opportunities for them to build their capacity.
11. A holistic approach is used building economics, human, social and
environmental aspects of community as an interrelated whole.
12. 16.“Reframing” – community development helps people redefine
problems and opportunities and discover new options.
13. Changed attitudes and networks are as important as material
outcomes.
14. A diversity of opinion and perspective is welcomed.
15. success, no matter how small, needs to be recognized and
celebrated.
16. Activities should be fun and social.
17. Not all communities are suited to, or prepared for, development
activities.
 Ingredients for Successful Community
Development
The key elements or ingredients for successful community development are:
17-21. Give atleast 5.
1. A slight level of dissatisfaction
2. Belief and expectation of self-help
3. Local leadership
4. Collaboration
5. Willingness to experiment and take advantage of opportunities.
6. Cultivate allies
7. Work hard and stay with the process, especially when
there is a setback;
8. Focus on specific actions without losing sight of the
“weird and wonderful.”
22-33. Community Development Process
1. Community Preparedness
2. “Bubbling” Concerns
3. Stimulus
4. Initial Organization and Involvement
5. Engagement and Issues Identification
6. Initial Considerations
7. Purpose and Goals
8. Self-Examination
9. Exploration
10. Interpretation and Prioritization
11. Planning and Action on Priorities
12. Reinvestment
34. Basics of Action Planning
action planning typically includes deciding who
is going to do what and by when and in what order
for the organization to reach its strategic goals.
 One of the Biggest Problems in
Strategic Planning: 35. Plan Isn’t
Implemented
 Developing Action Plans(or Work
Plans)
1. Action plans specify the actions needed to address each of
the top organizational issues and to reach each of the
associated goals, who will complete each action and
according to what timeline.
2. Develop an action plan for each major function in the
organization, e.g., marketing, development, finance,
personnel, and for each program/service, etc.
3. Ensure that each manager (and, ideally each employee) has
an action plan that contributes to the overall top-level action
plan.
5. The format of the action plan depends on the nature and needs of the
organization. The plan for the organization, each major function, each
manager and each employee, might specify:
a. The goal(s) that are to be accomplished;
b. How each goal contributes to the organization’s overall strategic
goals;
c. What specific results (or objectives) must be accomplished that, in
total, reach the goal of the organization;
d. How those results will be achieved; and
e. When the results will be achieved (or a timeline for each objective).
 Developing Objectives and
Timelines
1. Objectives are specific, measurable results produced while implementing
strategies.
2. While identifying objectives, keep asking “Are you sure you can do this?”
3. Integrate the current year’s objectives as performance criteria in each
“implementer’s” job description and performance review.
4. Remember that objectives and their timelines are only guidelines, not rules
set in stone. They can be deviated from, but deviations should be
understood and explained.
5. Consider the following example format for your action
plan.

Strategic Goal Strategy Objective Responsibility Timeline

1. (Goal #1) 1.1. (first 1.1.1. (first (who’s going to (when the
strategy to objective to accomplish that implementer is
reach Goal #1) reach while objective) going to
implementing accomplish
strategy #1.1) that)