BASIC PARTS OF

COMPUTER SYSTEM
AND INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAMMING
CONCEPTS
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTING
PRESENTED BY:
JIANE T. CASTONES
CHARLES VILLARO BOHOL
THERESE LATTORE
 TOPICS:

Overview Programmi Writing

Programmi ng Simple
Hardware Software
ng Paradigms Programs
Languages (Procedural
(High-level , Object-
vs. Low- Oriented)
level)
Computer Systems

A computer system is an integrated set of

hardware and software designed to process data
and come up with a meaningful result. Every
computer performs the basic functions of input, processing, storage,
output, and transmission of data. Instructions and data are entered,
processed into resultsthat are stored for later use, and output in a useful format.
Computers are connected to a larger network system for transmission of data and
information.
5.1
Hardware
5.1 HARDWARE
Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. This is also sometime called the
machinery or the equipment of the computer. Examples of hardware in a computer are the
keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and the central processing unit. However, most of a
computer's hardware cannot be seen; in other words, it is not an external element of the
computer, but rather an internal one, surrounded by the computer's casing (tower). A
computer's hardware is comprised of many different parts, but perhaps the most important of
these is the motherboard. The motherboard is made up of even more parts that power and
control the computer.
In contrast to software, hardware is a physical entity. Hardware and software are
interconnected, without software, the hardware of a computer would have no function.
5.1 HARDWARE
External types of computer
hardware:
5.1 HARDWARE
Internal types of computer
hardware:
5.2
SOFTWARE
5.2 SOFTWARE

Software - commonly known as programs or apps, consists

of all the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a
task.
- Three types of software:
• System Software
•Application Software
•Utility Software
5.2 SOFTWARE
System
Software
-System software is a type of computer program that is designed to
run a computer's hardware and application programs.
Types of System Software
• Operating System
•Language Processor
•Device Drivers
5.2 SOFTWARE

Operating Language Device Drivers

system Processor
Operating System - is the Language Processor - As Device Drivers - The
first software to be loaded discussed earlier, an primary purpose of a
into computer memory important function of device driver is to
when the computer is system software is to control or drive a device
switched on and this is convert all user instructions that is attached to your
called booting. into machine computer
understandable language.
 5.2 SOFTWARE

Application Software
- A software that performs a single task and nothing else is called
application software. Application software are very specialized in
their function and approach to solving a problem.
 5.2 SOFTWARE

Utility Software

- Utility Software refers to a type of system software that is

designed to help analyse, configure, optimise and maintain a
computer. It is used to support the computer infrastructure,
distinguishing it from application software which is aimed at
directly performing tasks that benefit ordinary users.
5.3
OVERVIEW
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES (HIGH
LEVEL VS. LOW
LEVEL)
5.3 overview programming languages

Computer
Language
What do you think whatever you write it is understood by your computer system?
The answer is No. The computer understands only the language of 0’s and 1’s.

The computer languages are divided into three categories

a) Low level
b) Middle level
c) High level
5.3 overview programming languages
Low level
Languages
i) Machine Language
The computers can execute a program written using binary digits only. This
type of programs is called machine language programs. Since these
programs use only ‘0’s and ‘1’s it will be very difficult for developing
programs for complex problem solving. Also it will be very difficult for a
person to understand a machine language program written by another
person. At present, computer users do not write programs using machine
language. Also these programs written for execution in one computer cannot
be used on another type of computer. i.e., the programs were machine
dependent.
5.3 overview programming languages
Assembly
Language
ii) Assembly language is designed mainly to replace each machine code
with and understandable mnemonic code. To execute an assembly
language program it should first be translates into an equivalent machine
language program. Writing and understanding programs in assembly
language is easier than that of machine language. The programs written in
assembly language are also machine dependent.
5.3 overview programming languages
High level
Language
High-level language is developed to allow application programs, which are
machine independent. High-level language permits the user to use understandable
codes using the language structure. In order to execute a high-level language
program, it should be translated into a machine language either using a compiler or
interpreter. The high level languages commonly used are FORTRAN (Formula
Translation), BASIC (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code),
COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language). Recently developed
programming language such as Visual FoxPro, Visual Basic (VB), and Visual C++
(VC++) are more popular among the software developers.
Fortran is a programming language that is often used for scientific and numeric computation. It's a
compiled language, meaning that the code must be compiled before it can be run on a computer.

Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. Developed in the 1950s for teaching University
students to program and provided with every self-respecting personal computer in the 1980s, BASIC has
been the first programming language for many programmers. It is also the foundation for Visual Basic.

COBOL, or Common Business-Oriented Language, is a programming language used for business

applications.

FoxPro is a text-based programming language and database management system that was originally
developed by Fox Software and later acquired by Microsoft

Visual C++ is an Integrated development environment for developing applications using the C, C++, and
C++/CLI programming languages. C++ is a high-level, general-purpose programming language.
5.3 overview programming languages
Examples of High-level Language:
▪ ADA
▪C
▪ C++
▪ JAVA
▪ BASIC
▪ COBOL
▪ PASCAL
▪ PHYTON
 5.4
PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS
(PROCEDURAL, OBJECT- ORIENTED)
OGRAMMING PARADIGMS (PROCEDURAL, OBJECT - ORIENTED)

Programming Paradigms
- is a method or style of programming that defines a set of principles,
techniques, and patterns for structuring code to solve problems on a
computer.

— Two major types of Programming Paradigm

• Procedural Programming
•Functional Programming
OGRAMMING PARADIGMS (PROCEDURAL, OBJECT - ORIENTED)

Procedural Programming is a programming paradigm built around the idea

that programs are sequences of instructions to be executed.

Declarative Programming is a method to abstract the control flow for logic

required for software to perform an action. Instead, it involves stating what
the task or desired outcome is.
5.5
WRITING SIMPLE
PROGRAMS
 Step 5: Define a Function
5.5 writing Simple Programs
To define a function we need to use the “def”
How To Write A Simple Program keyword, give it a name, a set of parentheses
and end the line with a colon so your function
Step 1: Pick a Programmingwill start like this:
Language def hello_world():
Step 2: Download Python
Step 3: Install Python On the next line you’ll give this function its
Step 4: Open Notepad group of instructions. In this case your group
will be very small, just one instruction. Python
keeps track of what belongs to the function
by checking for indentation. So to tell if this
instruction is part of the function, we will
press “Tab” on our keyboard then give it the
instruction print(“Hello World!”)
def hello_world():
print(“Hello World!”)
5.5 writing Simple Programs
Step 6: Create an Entry Point for Your Step 8: Running the File
Program Step 9: Go a Little Further

Type the following, without a leading

tab:
hello_world()

Your program now looks like this:

Step 10: Where to Go From Here
def hello_world():
print(“Hello World!”)
You can make the computer do
hello_world()
something if some condition is met by
using “if” statements. You can make the
Step 7: Saving the File computer do something over and over
again by using “loop” statements.
THANK
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