 Name :- Simpy Kumari

 Branch :- IT,B
 Year :- Final (4th )
 University Roll :- 12500219064
 College Roll :- 194078318
 Topic : - Internet, Intranet & Extranet
Iwould like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my Respective teacher ,who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful
presentation on the topic Internet, Intranet &
Extranet.

It helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to

know about so many new things, I am really very
Thankful.
Regarding
Simpy Kumari
IT- B
 What is the Internet
 IP Addresses
 How the Internet Works
 The Domain Name System (DNS)
 How E-mail Finds its Way
 Internet Communication Protocols
 How to Connect to the Internet
 Internet Services
 Basic Internet Software
 Telnet Software
 FTP Software
 The World Wide Web
 Intranets and Extranets
 Virtual Private Networks
 Privacy and Security
 The Internet is a collection of
interconnected networks, all freely
exchanging information.
 The Internet is actually a network of

networks: tens of thousands of computers

connected in a web, talking to one
another through a common
communications protocol.
 Every node on the Internet has a unique
Internet number called an IP address. IP
addresses are 32 bits long and consist of four
parts (called dotted-quads) that are separated
by the period. For example: 129.34.139.30
 The octets are numbers in each quad and are
used to identify a particular network and a host
node on that network. In general, the leading
portion of each IP address identifies the
network number and the last number identifies
the specific computer.
 On this "highway" of network connections, routers
provide Internet traffic control. The primary purpose
of routers is to find the best path among available
alternatives by which to send data.
 The Internet transmits a message from one
computer to another either directly (in the same
network) or through a router till the message
reaches its destination.
 Messages are passed around in chunks, called
packets, each of which carries the address of the
sender and the receiver.
 The set of conventions used to pass packets from
one computer to another is the combination of the
Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet
Protocol (IP).
 Because the IP addresses are hard to remember, the Internet
supports the use of a text name that can be substituted for the
IP address. The text version of the IP address is called a domain
name. Each domain name is mapped to a particular numeric
address.
 To translate and track domain names, we use the Domain
Name System (DNS), which is a set of distributed databases
containing IP addresses and their corresponding domain names.
DNS servers perform the translation back and forth between
names and numbers (i.e., saclink.CSUS.edu).
 The top-level domain indicates the class of institution to which
the server belongs to the Internet (i.e., edu).
 The second-level domain is registered by an organization (i.e.,
CSUS).
 The first item is the name of the host computer, or the
hostname (i.e., saclink).
 The e-mail address consists of several
segments that combine geographical and
conceptual information. For example:
Sytsai@saclink.csus.edu
 The sytsai element identifies the user or
organization (who)
 The @ symbol connects the (who) with
(where)
 The saclink.CSUS is the sub-domain and
the domain (where)
 The edu identifies the type of the
organization (what)
 TCP/IP is the Internet’s suite of network protocols that allow
different computers to communicate.
 The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is responsible of
end-to-end message delivery in terms of priority, error free,
in sequence, no loss or duplication.
 The Internet Protocol (IP) operates at the network layer,
breaks the message into packets called datagrams, and
provides addresses for each datagram.
 Underneath TCP/IP sit various media protocols that help
move the data over various networks on the Internet.
 HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) is used by WWW
applications
 NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) is used by Usenet
news applications
 SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) is used by E-mail
applications
 On-Line service connection requires using a
communications software and modem to connect to an on-
line information service company that provides internet
services. An example would be connecting to the Internet
through America On-Line.
 SLIP/PPP connection requires using a modem and several
types of software like TCP/IP, Serial Line Internet Protocol
(SLIP) or Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to connect to an
Internet host. An example would be connecting to the CSUS
server from home.
 Network connection is the highest and most expensive
level of connectivity. This approach requires using a
network adapter card and a communications stack directly
connected to an Internet server. An example would be
connecting to the Internet when you use a PC in the
computer labs at CSUS.
 E-mail: sends text, sound, and images to others.
 Telnet: logs on to another computer and access
its public files.
 FTP: copies a file between two computers.
 Usenet and newsgroup: an on-line discussion
group of a specific topic.
 Chat rooms: enables tow or more person to
carry on on-line text conversation in real time.
 Internet phone: enables voice communication
between two person with proper hardware and
software.
 Internet video conferencing: supports
simultaneous voice and visual communications.
 Content streaming: continuously transfers and
plays multimedia files over the Internet between
two locations.
 Instant messaging: allows two or more person to
communicates instantly on the Internet,
 Shopping on the Web: allows people to purchase
products and services over the Internet.
 Web auctions: lets people bid on products and
services.
 Music, radio, and video on the Internet: lets user
play or download music, radio, and video.
 Office on the Web: allows people to access files
and information through a Web site.
 Internet sites in 3-D: views products and
images at a different angles.
 Free software and services: allows people
to obtain free software, advice, and
information on the Internet.
Servers over the Internet that offer different
services like e-mail and web services.
Several types of software are needed to
access those services. The most significant
types of software that you need are:
◦ Web Browsing Software
◦ Telnet Software
◦ FTP Software
 Telnet is a user command used to access a
remote computer. Telnet software enables
the user to log on to another computer and
access any applications and data to which
the user has been granted access.
 A file transfer protocol (FTP) program is
used to download a file from the host
computer to the PC or vice versa. FTP
clients with graphical interfaces allow you
to drag and drop files from an FTP site to a
local computer.
 The World Wide Web, uses the client/server model, to
organize Internet resources into a series of menu pages
(screens) that appear on your computer.
 Data can exist on the Web in any computer file like word
processing files, graphic images, video and audio files.
 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard page
description language for Web pages. HTML documents
contain Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) which is a
standard way of coding the hypertext links to other
documents on the Web.
 Web browsers, like Netscape Communicator and Internet
Explorer, are software applications that request a page
from the Web server and display it on the user’s local
computer. They receive HTML documents by using a
Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which is the address of
the file accessible on the WWW.
 Browsers must be able to understand and interpret
 An Intranet is an internal corporate network
built using the Internet and W3 standards
and products. One of the intranet’s most
obvious virtues is its ability to slash the
need of paper. Any employee can view the
same electronic information.
 An Extranet is a network based on Web

technologies that links selected resources of

the intranet of a company with its
customers, suppliers, or other business
partners
 Cookie and fraud
 Cryptography is the process of converting a message into a secret
code and changing the encoded message back to regular text.
 Encryption is the original conversion of a message into a secret
code. Decryption is the encrypted message conversion back to
regular text.
 Digital Signature is an encryption technique used to meet the
critical need for processing on-line financial transactions.
 Firewalls are devices that sit between the internal network and the
outside Internet and limit access into and out of the internal
network.
 What is the Internet
 IP Addresses
 How the Internet Works
 The Domain Name System (DNS)
 How E-mail Finds its Way
 Internet Communication Protocols
 How to Connect to the Internet
 Internet Services
 Basic Internet Software
 Telnet Software
 FTP Software
 The World Wide Web
 Intranets and Extranets
 Virtual Private Networks
 Privacy and Security