MARGINALISATIO

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MADE BY PRANAY

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WHAT ISMaster title style
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MARGINALISATION?
Marginalization means when a certain
person or a sect of people are made to
feel of lesser importance, by those in
power. Marginalized persons are
forced to the periphery or the edge of
society. This, in turn, robs them of the
facilities and opportunities enjoyed by
the non-marginalized sections of
society.
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 VARIOUS
Click to edit Master MARGINALISED
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COMMUNITIES
1. Women
2. People with disabilities
3. Schedule castes (Dalits)
4. Scheduled Tribes
5. Elderly or aged people
6. Children
7. Sexual Minorities
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 Characteristics of
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marginalized groups

1) It suffers from discrimination and subordination.

2) They have physical and/or cultural traits that set
them apart, and which are disapproved of, by a
dominant group.
3) They share a sense of collective identity and
common burdens.
4) They have shared social rules about who belongs,
and who does not.
5) They have a tendency to marry within the group.
Thus, marginalization is complex as well as a shifting
phenomenon linked to social status.
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 VARIOUS MARGINALIZED
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GROUPS AND THEIR
PROBLEMS
• 1. Women –

• Under different economic conditions, and under the

influence of specific historical, cultural, legal and
religious factors, marginalization is one of the
manifestations of gender inequality. In other words,
women may be excluded from certain jobs and
occupations, incorporated into certain others, and
marginalized in others. In general, they are always
marginalized relative to men, in every country and
culture. Women (or, men) don’t present a homogeneous
category where members have common interests,
abilities, or practices. Women belonging to lower
classes, lower castes, illiterate, and the poorest region
have different levels of marginalization than their better-
off counterparts. 5 5
 2. People with disabilities
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• People with disabilities have had to battle against centuries of
biased assumptions, harmful stereotypes, and irrational fears.
The stigmatization of disability resulted in the social and
economic marginalization of generations with disabilities, and,
like many other oppressed minorities, this has left people with
disabilities in a severe state of impoverishment for centuries.
The proportion of the disabled population in India is about 21.9
million.
• The percentage of the disabled population to the total
population is about 2.13 percent. There are interstate and
interregional differences in the disabled population. The disabled
face various types of barriers while seeking access to health and
health services. Among those who are disabled women, children
and age are more vulnerable and need attention. 6
 3. Schedule Castes
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The caste system is a strictly hierarchical social
system based on underlying notions of purity and
pollution. Brahmins are on the top of the hierarchy
and Shudras or Dalits constitute the bottom of the
h i e r a r c h y. T h e m a r g i n a l i z a t i o n o f D a l i t s i n fl u e n c e s
all spheres of their life, violating basic human
rights such as civil, political, social, economic and
cultural rights.
A major proportion of the lower castes and Dalits
are still dependent on others for their livelihood.
Dalits do not refer to caste but suggest a group
who are in a state of oppression, social disability
a n d w h o a r e h e l p l e s s a n d p o o r. L i t e r a c y r a t e s
a m o n g D a l i t s a r e v e r y l o w. T h e y h a v e m e a g e r
purchasing power and have poor housing
c o n d i t i o n s a s w e l l a s h a v e l o w a c c e s s t o r e s o u r c7 e s
and entitlements.
4. Scheduled Tribes
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The Scheduled Tribes like the Scheduled Castes face
structural discrimination within Indian society. Unlike the
Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes are a product of
marginalization based on ethnicity. In India, the Scheduled
Tribes population is around 84.3 million and is considered
to be socially and economically disadvantaged. Their
percentages in the population and numbers, however, vary
from State to State. They are mainly landless with little
control over resources such as land, forest, and water.
They constitute a large proportion of agricultural laborers,
casual laborers, plantation laborers, industrial laborers etc.
This has resulted in poverty among them, low levels of
education, poor health and reduced access to healthcare
services. They belong to the poorest strata of the society
and have severe health problems.
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5.Click
Elderly or Aged People
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Aging is an inevitable and inexorable
process in life. In India, the population of Click icon to add picture
the elderly is growing rapidly and is
emerging as a serious area of concern for
the government and the policy planners.
According to data on the age of India’s
population, in Census 2001, there are a
little over 76.6 million people above 60
years, constituting 7.2 percent of the
population. The number of people over 60
years in 1991 was 6.8 percent of the
country’s population. The vulnerability
among the elderly is not only due to an
increased incidence of illness and disability
but also due to their economic dependency
upon their spouses, children, and other 9

younger family members. According to the

 6.title style
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Children
• Children Mortality and morbidity among children are
caused and compounded by poverty, their sex and
caste position in society.
• All these have consequences on their nutrition
intake, access to healthcare, environment, and
education. Poverty has a direct impact on the
mortality and morbidity among children. In India, a
girl child faces discrimination and differential access
to nutritious food and gender-based violence is
evident from the falling sex ratio and the use of
technologies to eliminate the girl child. The
manifestations of these violations are various,
ranging from child labor, child trafficking, to
commercial sexual exploitation and many other
forms of violence and abuse.
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 7. Sexual Minorities
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A n o t h e r g ro u p t h at fa c e s sti g m a a n d
d i s c r i m i n ati o n a re s exu a l m i n o r i ti e s . T h o s e
i d e n ti fi e d a s gay, l e s b i a n , t ra n s g e n d e r,
b i s exu a l , a n d h i j ra ; ex p e r i e n c e va r i o u s fo r m s
o f d i s c r i m i n ati o n w i t h i n t h e s o c i e t y a n d t h e
h e a l t h sy st e m . D u e t o t h e d o m i n a n c e o f
h e t e ro n o m o u s s exu a l re l ati o n s a s t h e o n l y
fo r m o f n o r m a l a c c e p ta b l e re l ati o n s w i t h i n
t h e s o c i e t y, i n d i v i d u a l s w h o a re i d e n ti fi e d a s
h av i n g s a m e - s ex s exu a l p refe re n c e s a re
r i d i c u l e d a n d o st ra c i ze d b y t h e i r o w n fa m i l y
a n d a re l eft w i t h v e r y l i m i t e d s u p p o r t
st r u c t u re s a n d n e t wo r ks o f c o m m u n i t y t h at
p ro v i d e t h e c o n d i ti o n s o f c a re a n d s u p p o r t .
T h e i r n e e d s a n d c o n c e r n s a re exc l u d e d f ro m 11

va r i o u s h e a l t h p o l i c i e s a n d p ro g ra m s .
Click to edit Master
PERCENTAGE title style
OF MARGINALISATION IN “INDIA”

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 Groups:
•T h e r e a r e s p e c i fi c l a w s a n d p o l i c i e s f o r t h e m a r g i n a l i z e d groups in our
cou Click
n t r y. to edit Master title style
•T h e g o v e r n m e n t m a k e s a n e ff o r t t o p r o m o t e s u c h p o l i c i e s t o g i v e
o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o s p e c i fi c g r o u p s .
•T h e g o v e r n m e n t t r i e s t o p r o m o t e s o c i a l j u s t i c e b y p r o v i d i n g f o r f r e e o r
subsidized hostels for the students of Dalit and Adivasi communities.
•T h e r e s e r v a t i o n p o l i c y i s s i g n i fi c a n t a n d h i g h l y c o n t e n t i o u s .
•T h e l a w s w h i c h r e s e r v e s e a t s i n e d u c a t i o n a n d g o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y m e n t
for Dalits and Adivasis are based or an important argument that in a
s o ci e t y l i ke o u r s , wh e re fo r ce n t u r i e s s e ct i o n s o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n h a v e
been denied opportunities to learn and to work in order to develop new
skills or assist these sections.
•G o v e r n m e n t s a c r o s s I n d i a h a v e t h e i r l i s t o f S c h e d u l e d C a s t e s o r D a l i t s ,
S c h e d u l e d Tr i b e s a n d b a c k w a r d a n d m o s t b a c k w a r d c a s t e s . T h e c e n t r a l
government too has its list.
•S t u d e n t s a p p l y i n g t o e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d t h o s e a p p l y i n g f o r
posts in government are expected to furnish proof of their caste or tribe
s t a t u s , i n t h e f o r m o f c a s t e a n d t r i b e c e r t i fi c a t e s .
•D i ff e r e n t k i n d o f s c h o l a r s h i p p r o g r a m m e s a r e a l s o r u n b y g o v e r n m e n t s .
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•L a w s r e l a t e d t o w a g e s , c u l t u r a l r i g h t s , e d u c a t i o n a l r i g h t s , a n d r i g h t s
 1989 Act
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•T h e 1 9 8 9 A c t i s i m p o r t a n t b e c a u s e A d i v a s i r e f e r t o i t t o
defend their right to occupy land that was traditionally theirs.
•A d i v a s i s o f t e n u n w i l l i n g t o m o v e f r o m t h e i r l a n d , a r e f o r c i b l y
displaces.
•T h i s a c t m e r e l y c o n f i r m s t h a t t h e l a n d b e l o n g i n g t o t h e t r i b a l
people cannot be sold to or bought by non-tribal people.
•A d i v a s i s d e m a n d s f o r t h e i r t r i b a l r i g h t s t o b e p r e s e r v e d a n d
their forest rights to be conserever which they had inherited.
•A d i v a s i s a l w a y s w a n t e d t h a t t h e i r c u l t u r e a n d p r i m i t i v e
methods of living should not changed and they should have
previlage to live their own.
•B y f o r m u l a t i n g A c t s I n d i a n g o v e r n m e n t t r i e d t o s t o p
exploitation of tribals in the hands of forest official as well.
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“
“I am a competitive and I do not
like to feel marginalized by the
people who sell a lot of record”
- LIZ PHAIR

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 AMAZING FACT
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In 2008 , the National

Commission for Scheduled
Castes , noticing that dalit was
used interchangeably with the
offi cial term scheduled castes ,
called the term unconstitutional
and asked state government to
end its use.
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 Conclusion
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As we can see, the existence of a right or
a law or even a policy on paper does not
mean that it exists in reality. People have
had to constantly work on or make efforts
to translate these into principles that guide
the actions of their fellow citizens or even
their leaders. The desire for equality,
dignity and respect is not new. It has
existed in different forms throughout our
history as you have seen in this chapter.
Similarly, even in a democratic society,
similar processes of struggle, writing,
negotiation and organising need to 17
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Thank You
Made By
Pranay
Class VIII A

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Thank
You
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