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Fertilisation and Implantation

The document outlines the processes of fertilisation and implantation, explaining how sperm and egg cells (gametes) join to create a new organism. It discusses the journey of sperm from ejaculation to meeting the egg in the oviduct, leading to fertilisation and subsequent implantation in the uterus. Additionally, it addresses causes of low fertility in both males and females.

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Carole Gilding
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60 views13 pages

Fertilisation and Implantation

The document outlines the processes of fertilisation and implantation, explaining how sperm and egg cells (gametes) join to create a new organism. It discusses the journey of sperm from ejaculation to meeting the egg in the oviduct, leading to fertilisation and subsequent implantation in the uterus. Additionally, it addresses causes of low fertility in both males and females.

Uploaded by

Carole Gilding
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fertilisation and

implantation!
Learning Objective: What happens during fertilisation?

Describe the processes Describe causes of low


State what is meant by
of sexual intercourse fertility in males and
fertilsation.
and fertilisation. females.

DO NOW: Keywords:
• Fertilisation
What do you think is
• Cilia
meant by the • Ejaculation
keyword • Embryo
fertilisation? • Implantatio
n
KS3 Activate
Science
RECALL TASK: Match the keyword to
the definition.
Contains
PENIS eggs.
Produces
VAGINA sperm.
Carries an egg to the
SPERM DUCT uterus.
Carries sperm out of the
OVIDUCT body.
Carries sperm to the
TESTES penis.
Receives sperm during
OVARIES sexual intercourse.
What can you remember?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
5
E 6
7

RECALL: Reproductive systems


These are the main structures of the female and male reproductive
systems:

RECAP: Reproductive systems


Fantastic Fact!
In each ejaculation, up
to 500 million sperm
are released!
Something to think about…
How are babies made?
• Babies are made by a mother and a father but
how does this actually happen?
• During adolescence, your body becomes able
to create a baby with someone of the opposite
sex.

Egg cells and sperm


cells (gametes) need to
join together to start the
process of making a
baby.

This is called
What are gametes?
• Gametes are reproductive cells. They join together to create a new
organism.
• The male gamete is a sperm cell. The female gamete is an egg cell.
• To create a new organism, the nucleus of the sperm and the nucleus of
the egg join together – this is known as fertilisation. This process takes
place in most animals.
Q – Describe
what is meant
by a gamete.
Where do sperm cells meet an egg
cell?
• Each ovary is connected to the uterus by an
oviduct. An egg cell cannot move by itself.
However, the oviduct is lined with cilia – these
are tiny hairs on the surface of cells.

• Every month, an egg is released from an ovary.


The cilia then waft the egg along the inside of
the oviduct towards the uterus.

• The sperm are released into the vagina in


Q – Describe how an egg
semen during sexual intercourse. They then cell travels along the
oviduct.
What happens during
sexual intercourse?
• When people ‘have sex’ or ‘make love’, semen is released into the vagina.

• People do this to make a baby or to show how much they care for each other. It is a
very intimate act that gives many people a lot of pleasure.

• When a male becomes sexually aroused, his penis fills with blood and becomes
erect. When a woman becomes sexually aroused her vagina becomes moist. This
allows the penis to enter her vagina.

• During intercourse, the male moves his penis backwards and forwards. This
increases the pleasure and stimulates the release of semen into the vagina. This is
known as ejaculation.
Q – Describe what happens during sexual intercourse.
How do sperm cells reach the egg
cell?
1. Sperm cells swim from the vagina to the uterus.
2. They enter the uterus through the cervix and travel to the oviduct.
3. If a sperm cell meets an egg cell there, fertilisation can happen.
4. The fertilised egg divides several times to form a ball of cells called an
embryo.
5. The embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus and begins to develop
into a baby. This is called implantation.

Q – Describe what
happens during
implantation.
Why do some couples have difficulty
getting pregnant?
• There are a number of reasons why people may have difficulty having a
baby. This is known as low fertility (or infertility).

• Common male problems include a low sperm count (not producing many
sperm) or producing sperm that do not swim properly.

• Common female problems include egg cells not being released monthly or
blocked fallopian tubes.

Q – Describe one cause of infertility in males and


females.
EXTENSION:
Literacy Task
Journey to the egg!
Describe the journey of a
sperm cell from being made
in the testes to the
implantation of the fertilised
egg in the lining of the
uterus.
EXIT TICKET
The fertilised egg attaches
to the lining of the uterus.
FERTILSATION
The nuclei of the sperm and
EJACULATION egg cell join together.

IMPLANTATION The little hairs that move


the egg cell along the
CILIA oviduct.
Semen is released into the
vagina.
GAMETES
Reproductive cells.

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