Operating System

Dr. Akhtar Husain

Associate Professor in Department of CSIT,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P., India.
Mobile : 9457381048, 9319760019
Email: akhtarhusain@mjpru.ac.in
 Shortest Job First-SJF Scheduling
 Introduced to solve the problem having long waiting time of
FCFS when requests of short CPU burst waits behind the long
ones.
 Associate with each process the length of its next CPU burst
 Use these lengths to schedule the process with the
shortest time
 When the CPU is available , it is allocated to process that
has the smallest next CPU burst.
 In the case of if two processes has same CPU bursts , then
FCFS concept is applied.
 SJF is optimal – gives minimum average waiting time for a given
set of processes
 The difficulty is knowing the length of the next CPU request

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education
• SJF is also called shortest next CPU burst scheduling algorithm,
because this scheduling is done by examining the next CPU burst of
a process rather than its total length.

• This algorithm is considered to be Optimal Algorithm because

it provides minimum average waiting time.

• The disadvantage of SJF is to know the length of time for which

CPU is needed by a process.

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education
• SJF may be preemptive or non-preemptive, this condition arises
when a new process enters in the ready queue while a previous
process is executing.

• preemptive SJF will stop currently executing process and starts the
execution of newly entered process. Its also called Shortest
Remaining Time First (SRTF).

• non-preemptive SJF will allow the currently executing process to

complete its burst time without any interruption in its execution.

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education
SJF Scheduling Examples

Process Burst Time

P1 3
P2 5
P3 2
P4 5
P5 5
 Case 1: When all the processes enter into the ready queue at the same
time i.e. at 0 ms.

SJF Gantt Chart

P3 P1 P2 P4 P5

0 2 5 10 15

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education
 Calculations
Process Burst Time (BT) ms Arrival Time Completion Time Turn Around Time Waiting Time
Number (AT) ms (CT) ms (TAT=CT-AT) ms (WT=TAT-BT) ms

P1 3 0 5 5 2

P2 5 0 10 10 5

P3 2 0 2 2 0

P4 5 0 15 15 10

P5 5 0 20 20 15

Average =(5+10+2+15+20)/5 =(2+5+0+10+15)/5

=52/5=10.4 ms =32/5=6.4 ms

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education
SJF Scheduling Examples when arrival
time is given
Process Burst Time
P1 3
P2 5
P3 2
P4 5
P5 5

 Case 2 for Non-preemptive Scheduling : When all the processes enter

into the ready queue at times i.e. at 0 ms, 1 ms, 3 ms, 9 ms and 12 ms
respectively.

Gantt Chart
P1 P3 P2 P4 P5

0 3 5 10 15 20

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education
Calculations
Process Burst Time (BT) Arrival Time Completion Time Turn Around Time Waiting Time
Number ms (AT) ms (CT) ms (TAT=CT-AT) ms (WT=TAT-BT) ms

P1 3 0 3 3 0

P2 5 1 10 9 4

P3 2 3 5 2 0

P4 5 9 15 6 1

P5 5 12 20 8 3

Average =(3+9+2+6+8)/5 =(0+4+0+1+3)/5

=28/5=5.6 ms =8/5=1.6 ms

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education
SJF Scheduling Examples when arrival
time is given
Process Burst Time
P1 5
P2 1
P3 2
P4 5
P5 5

 Case 3 for preemptive Scheduling : When all the processes enter into
the ready queue at times i.e. at 0 ms, 1 ms, 3 ms, 9 ms and 12 ms
respectively.

Gantt Chart
P1 P2 P1 P3 P1 P4 P5

0 1 2 3 5 8 9 14 19

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education
Calculations
Process Burst Time (BT) Arrival Time Completion Time Turn Around Time Waiting Time
Number ms (AT) ms (CT) ms (TAT=CT-AT) ms (WT=TAT-BT) ms

P1 5 0 8 8 3

P2 1 1 2 1 0

P3 2 3 5 2 0

P4 5 9 14 5 0

P5 5 12 19 7 2

Average =(8+1+2+5+7)/5 =(3+0+0+0+2)/5

=23/5=4.6 ms =5/5=1 ms

Sources: 1.Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, ―Operating Systems

Concepts‖, Wiley 2:Harvey M Dietel, ― An Introduction to
Operating System‖, Pearson Education