Southeast University

School of Business Studies

Course: Title: “MIS”

Course Code: MIS 522
Course Credit: 3, Section – 02

Faculty Member
Iftekhar Shahab Uddin
IT Infrastructure and Emerging
Technologies
What is infrastructure???

Think of Airline Industry

Think of Railway
Industry
Think of Transport
Industry
What is IT Infrastructure?
IT infrastructure consists of a set of
physical devices & software application
that are required to operate the entire
enterprise.
Invest on hardware and software technologies that are
cost-effective, efficient, and energy-saving.
Computers
IT Infrastructure also provides following
services:
- Computing platform connecting employees, customer &
suppliers into coherent digital environment
- Telecommunication services that provides data, voice, video
connectivity to employees, customer & suppliers
- Data management services that store & manage corporate data &
provide for analysing the data
- Application software services that provide enterprise wide
capabilities such as enterprise resource planning, CRMS, SCMS
& KMS shared by business units
- Physical management services that develop & manage physical
installation required for computing, telecommunication & data
management services
IT Infrastructure also provides following
services:
- IT management services that plan & develop the infrastructure,
coordinate with business units provide for IT services, manage
accounting for the IT expenditure & provide project management
services
- IT standard services that provide the firm & its business units to
make policies as to what technologies need to be used
- IT education services that provide training in system to train
employees & managers
- IT research & development services that provide the firm with
research on potential future IT projects & investment that would
add competitive advantage to the business units
Evolution of IT Infrastructure
- IT infrastructure in organization is an outgrowth of over
50 years of evolution in computing platforms

MARK I
There have been five stages in this evolution,
each representing a different configuration of
computing power & infrastructure elements.
These are:

- General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer

era (1959 – present)
- Personal computer era (1981 to present)
- Client/server era (1983 to present)
- Enterprise computing era (1992 to present)
- Cloud and mobile computing era (2000 to
Present)
General-purpose mainframe and mini
computer era (1959 – present)
- Commercial use of mainframe computer through introduction
of IBM 1401 & 7090
- In 1965 mainframe computer came into use with IBM 360
series
- 360 was first commercial computer with a powerful operating
system providing time sharing, multi-tasking & virtual
memory in more advanced models
- Mainframe becomes powerful enough to support thousand of
online remote terminals connected to centralized machine
- This pattern began to change with introduction of
minicomputer produced by DEC (Digital Equipment
Corporation) in 1965
Personal computer era (1981 to
present)
- IBM PC in 1981 is usually considered to be beginning
of PC era as due to widely adopted by US businessman
- DOS (disk operating system) based operating system, a
text based command langauge, & later MS Windows
operating system used
- Wintel (Windows OS & Intel microprocessor) PC
computer became the standard desktop PC
- Today 95% of world’s total computer users use Wintel
PC (around 1 billion)
Client/server era (1983 to present)
- These are desktop & laptop computers called clients
connected (networked) to powerful server computers that
provide the clients computers with variety of services &
capabilities
- Computer processing work is split between two types of
machine
- The client is the user point of entry, whereas the server
typically processes & stores shared data, serves up web
pages or manages network activities
- The simplest client/ server network consists of a client
computer networked to a server computer, with
processing split between the two types of machines
Enterprise Computing era (1992 to
present)
- After 1995 business firms began seriously using
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) networking standard due to internet developed
into a trusted environment
- IT infrastructure links different pieces computer
hardware & smaller networks into an enterprise-wide
network where information flows freely across
organisation & other firms
- It links various types of computer hardware including
mainframes, servers, PCs, mobile phones, other hand-
held devices
Cloud and mobile computing era (2000 to
Present)
- It refers to a model of computing where firms & individuals
obtain computing power & software over the internet rather than
purchasing their own software & hardware
- Currently it is the fastest growing form of computing with an
estimated market size of $160 billion in 2012
- Hardware firms like IBM, HP, Dell are building huge scalable
cloud computing centers that provide computing power, data
storage & high speed internet connection to the firms rely on
internet for business software applications
- Software firms like Google, Microsoft, SAP, Oracle &
salesforce.com sell software applications as services delivered
over the internet
7 Components of an IT infrastructure
Computer Hardware Platforms
- In 2008 around 283 million PC’s were delivered world
wide with a market value $253 billion
- These components include client machines (desktop PCs,
mobile computing devices such as iPhone, blackberries &
Laptop) and server machines
- Client machines primarily use Intel or AMD
microprocessors
- The supply of computer hardware has become
concentrated among top firms like IBM, HP, DELL, Sun
Microsystem
- Three top producers of microchip such as Intel, AMD,
IBM
Operating System Platforms
- 95 percent of PCs & 45 percent of hand held devices
use Microsoft Windows such as Windows XP,
Windows 7,8 etc provided by Microsoft
- Hence Windows holds 70 percent of server operating
market
- 30 percent of server operating market is held by Unix
or Linux (an inexpensive & robust open source relative
of Unix)
- The major providers of Unix operating system are
IBM, HP & SUN
Enterprise Software Applications
- Software for application used by specific group or
business units adopting SOA (Service Oriented
Architecture)
- The largest provider of enterprise application software
are SAP & Oracle

Data Management and Storage (SANs)

- Few choices for enterprise data management software
responsible for managing & organizing firm’s data
- Leading software providers are IBM (DB2), Microsoft
(SQL server), Oracle & Sybase (Adaptive Server
Enterprise) that supply more than 90 percent of US data
base software market
Networking/Telecommunications
Platforms
- Combination of telephone services, cell phone connectivity,
computers and peripheral devices, handheld PDAs, and
wireless services
- Leading network hardware providers are CISCO, Lucent,
Nortel & Junipar network

Internet Platforms
- It includes web hosting services, for intranets & extranets
- Web hosting service maintains a large web server, or series
or servers with or without pay
- Leading internet hardware providers are Dell, HP/Compaq,
IBM etc
Consulting & System Integration
Services
- Consulting firms providing installation of information
system for various organisations integrating old system
with new technologies
- Leading consulting firms are this expertise include
Accenture, IBM Global services, Electronic Data
Systems, HP Technology Solution, Infosys, & Wipro
Technologies
End of IT Infrastructure and
Emerging Technologies