MODULE 1 - Transmission System
Uploaded by
Pradeep ArjunanMODULE 1 - Transmission System
Uploaded by
Pradeep ArjunanTRANSMISSION SYSTEM
(GEAR BOX)
Automotive Gears: Gears play an important role in trucks, car,
buses, motor bikes and even geared cycles. These gears control
speed and include gears like ring and pinion, spiral gear, hypoid
gear, hydraulic gears, reduction gearbox.
Depending on the size of the
vehicles, the size of the gears
also varies. There are low
gears covering a shorter
distance and are useful when
speed is low. There are high
gears also with larger number
of teeth.
Functions of Transmission
To provide the high torque at the time of
starting, hill climbing, accelerating and
pulling a load since high tractive effort is
needed
It permits engine crankshaft to revolve at
high speed, while the wheels turn at slower
speeds
Variable torque by set of gears
Vehicle speed can be changed keeping engine
speed same with certain limit
The transmission also provides a neutral
position so that the engine and the road
wheels are disconnected even with the clutch
in the engaged position
A means to back the car by reversing the
direction of rotation of the drive is also
provided by the transmission
Necessity of transmission
Variation of resistance to the vehicle motion
at various speeds
Variation of tractive effort of the vehicle
available at various speeds
Types of Transmission
Manual Transmission
Sliding Mesh Gear box
Constant Mesh Gear box
Synchromesh Gear box
Automatic Transmission
o Over drive (semi-automatic)
o Fluid drive or Fluid coupling
o Fully automatic
Epicyclic gear box
Free Wheeling unit
Torque Convertor
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Constant mesh gear box
Constant mesh gear box
SYNCHROMESH GEAR BOX
Introduction
This type of gearbox is similar to the constant mesh type gearbox.
Instead of using dog clutches here synchronizers are used.
The modern cars use helical gears and synchromesh devices in gearboxes,
that synchronize the rotation of gears that are about to be meshed
Its working is also similar to the constant mesh type, but in the former
there is one definite improvement over the latter
This is the provision of synchromesh device which avoids the necessity of
double declutching
The parts which ultimately are to be engaged are first brought into
frictional contact which equalizes their speed, after which these may be
engaged smoothly
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SYNCHRONIZERS
This type of gearbox is similar to the constant mesh type in that all the gears on the
main shaft are in constant mesh with the corresponding gears on the lay shaft.
The gears on the lay shaft are fixed to it while those on the main shaft are free to
rotate on the same.
This is the provision of synchromesh device which avoids the necessity of
double-declutching.
The parts that ultimately are to be engaged are first brought into frictional contact,
which equalizes their speed, after which these may be engaged smoothly.
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► Figure shows the construction and
working of a synchromesh gear box.
► In most of the cars, however the
synchromesh devices are not fitted
to all the gears as is shown in this
figure.
►
They are fitted only on the high
gears and on the low and reverse
gears ordinary dog clutches are
only
provided. This is done to reduce
the
cost.
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Synchromesh clutch-disengaged and engaged
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Advantages
1. The synchromesh type of transmission has the big advantage of allowing smooth type and
quick shifting of gears without danger of damaging the gears and without necessity for
double clutching.
2. The synchromesh gear is considered the most advanced and has been adopted in most
cars.
3.
Eliminates clashing of gears and make shifting easier.
4.
5. Similar to constant mesh gear box but provided with a synchro mesh devised.
Engagement is done without noise or damaged to the dogs.
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Disadvantages
1. It is expensive due to high manufacturing costs and more number of parts.
2. It is not capable enough to handle high loads.
3. Upon improper handling, it is easily prone to damage.
4. It could be affected by quick clutch disengagement on shifting.
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Application
Now we use Synchromesh Gear box in vehicle instead of constant mesh gear box
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