Comprehensive HSE Course

Introduction to HSE in the O&G Industry

2024

Congratulations ! You have made

it
HOW ? WHY ?
HOW ? WHY ?
HOW ? WHY ?
 ‫‪Reasons to create safety‬‬
‫‪systems‬‬
‫طبقا لتقرير منظمة العمل الدولية (‪)ILO‬‬

‫•‪ 270‬مليون حادث مهنى مسجل كل عام (عدد سكان أندونيسيا)‬

‫•‪ 160‬ملي‪O‬ون م‪O‬رض مه‪O‬نى مس‪O‬جل ك‪O‬ل ع‪O‬ام (ع‪O‬دد س‪O‬كان روس‪O‬يا وجواتيماال)‬
‫•‪ 2‬ملي‪O‬ون ش‪O‬خص يموت‪O‬ون ك‪O‬ل ع‪O‬ام من الح‪O‬وادث واألم‪O‬راض المهني‪O‬ة (ع‪O‬دد س‪O‬كان‬
‫ليسوتو)‬
‫•‪ 355‬ال‪O‬ف ح‪O‬ادث عم‪O‬ل مميت ك‪O‬ل س‪O‬نة نص‪O‬فها في مج‪O‬ال الزراع‪O‬ة (ع‪O‬دد س‪O‬كان‬
‫قبرص الشمالة)‬

‫األعمال ذات الخطورة العالية هي‪ :‬الزراعة – األنشاء – صيد األسماك‬

‫‪10‬‬
 History
• During the 1980’s, major world companies , particularly oil and
• petrochemical organizations, reviewed their performance in
terms of
• Lost Time Incidents and Fatalities.
• Alarmed at their findings, where often management and
• organizational weaknesses were a root cause of many accidents,
they
• researched new HSE techniques and policies to try to improve
their
• performances.
• The leading companies were Dupont and Shell.
• The outcome of their research is :-
• Enhanced Safety Management ( E S M )
 E.S.M
• Instead of reacting to accidents after they had occurred, the
fresh approach is to address fundamental contributory
causes proactively in advance of accidents. There are 11
( eleven) principles of Enhanced Safety Management ( E S M
):
6.
10.
1. Soundof
Audits HSE
Management Policies
HSE mustand
standards be practices
in place.
must demonstrate visiblemust
commitment
be regularly
to HSE
carried out.

7.
11.
2. Realistic
Effective
HSE HSE targets&&communication
is a responsibility
motivation ofobjectives must be met.
line management

8.
3. Techniques HSE
Competent to measure
AdvisorsHSE performance
must must be applied
be appointed

9.
4. Thoroughhigh
Adopting investigation & follow up HSE
and well-understood of injuries & accidents
standards & practices
must be carried out
5. Effective HSE Training must be conducted.
 Documentati
SMS Hazards
on
SMS “Safety Management
System”
 Why SMS ?

Economi
Moral Legal c
 Safety management system benefits
Identify
workplace Boost
Demonstrate hazards corporate
Improved
s legal
and and social
confidence compliance. responsibilit
implement
y
controls

Reduction in Monitor
performance
Boost in
employee
absenteeism reputation

Helping
Increased Lower with
insurance Improved
regulatory
productivity
system
compliance premiums integratio
n
Safety culture

A safety culture is an organizational culture that places a high level of importance on

safety beliefs, values and attitudes
ABR
 QHSE
QUALITY

Health Safety

Environment
QHSE
 Health

The Absence of Sickness

 Safety
the condition of being safe from undergoing
or causing hurt, injury, or loss.
 Environment
The complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors
(as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an
ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival.
Workplaces in O&G industry
Hazards
 Basic site hazards
• Hazards Anything with the potential to do harm
 Basic site hazards
• Hazards Anything with the potential to do harm

People 1.Insufficient supervision

2.New / inexperienced personnel
3.Visitors / unauthorized personnel
4.Inadequate communications
5.Insufficient resources
6.Competence
 Basic site hazards
• Hazards Anything with the potential to do harm

People 1.Ladders / scaffolding

Equipment 2.Incorrect use of tools
3.Stability / equipment collapse
4.Inadequate maintenance
5.Equipment failures
6.Damaged / faulty equipment
 Basic site hazards
• Hazards Anything with the potential to do harm

People 1.Hazardous substances

2.Radioactive substances
Equipment 3.Flammable materials
Materials 4.Explosives
5.Dimensions / weight
6.Waste
 Basic site hazards
• Hazards Anything with the potential to do harm

People 1.Confined Space

2.Working at height
Equipment 3.Noise
Materials 4.Vibration
5.Temperature
Environment 6.Lighting
7.Weather extremes
8.Ventilation
 Basic site hazards
• Hazards Anything with the potential to do harm

People 1.Incorrect procedure or process

2.Emergency arrangements
Equipment 3.Inadequate SMS
4.Inadequate planning
Materials 5.Lack of training
6.Lack of information
Environment 7.No capture of learning
8.Lack of effective change management
Process 9.No / inadequate risk assessment
Basic site hazards

an “accident”
includes a serious
injury or illness

an “incident”
Near Miss : an event
consists of property
that don’t make harm
damage, an
but has the potential
unexpected hazard,
to
or a minor injury

Undesired
circumstance :Conditi
on to make harm
Basic site hazards
Example

Hazards
Hazard
Effect
Example
Hazards
Hazard Or
Effect
Example
Hazards
Hazard Or
Effect
Example
Hazards
Hazard Or
Effect
Example
Hazards
Hazard Or
Effect
Then iceberg effect
Example
Example
Example
What Causes Injuries?
Acts of
God Unsafe
2% Conditions
20%

20%

78 %
Unsafe
Acts
78%

UNSAFE CONDITIONS UNSAFE ACTS

ACTS OF GOD
 Documentation
• Company policy
• Employees certificates
• TBT
• JSA / JHA
• PTW
• Stop card
• Rewards
• Accident investigation
• Lesson learned
 Company Policy

Health and safety policy is a written statement by an

employer stating the company's commitment for the
protection of the health and safety of employees and
to the public.
Employees Certificates

Are Certificates Really Important

 Work initiating process

Certificates

TBT JSA/JHA PTW

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PTW Issue
Stop Cards
 Assessment “ Evaluation”

A safety
evaluation examines
the safety systems and Internal Inspections External Inspections
procedures within an
organization
 Documentati
SMS Hazards
on
SMS System
 Thank You

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on:

iabood93
 Comprehensive HSE Course
Basic hazards types& identification
2024

Congratulations ! You have made

it
 Oil Company
Types

• E&P Companies (Exploration and Production)

• Client (Operator)
• Oilfield Services Company.
• Drilling Contractors.
• Pipeline Companies.
• Refinery companies.
• Automation and Systems.
• EPC.
• Petrochemical companies.
Oil rig overview
How we drill a well ? By Oil
Rigs
How Oil Rigs Works

Systems and
Equipment

Operators
(Human)
Oil Rig Systems and
Equipment
Hoisting Rotary
System System

Well Control
System

Circulation Power
System System
Power System
Hoisting System
Rotary System
Circulation System
Well Control System
Well Control System
 Oil processing facility
Deg
assi
ng EPF CPF
Stat
ion
Oil processing

Degassi
ng EPF CPF
station
DEGASSING STATION
Degassing is the process of
extraction of gases from the oil
and reducing their content to
below regulated standards. This
process is performed both on oil
already in operation in a
transformer, and on fresh oil,
which can absorb gases during
transportation or storage before
drilling the transformer.
 EPF
Accelerate facility development with modular
technology
• The delay from reserves discovery to positive cash
flow following the typical timeline for facility
delivery is lengthy and locks up too much cash.
Engineering requirements, supply chain, and change
orders compound and push out construction,
commissioning, and ultimately time to first oil.
• The flexible, modular early production facility
enables you to start production faster than ever—
accelerating the time to first oil and gas. The
modules, designed by Schlumberger to meet all
international standards and regulatory
requirements, can be selected to suit your needs.
That enables you to fast-track production schedules,
providing available production capacity when and
where it is needed for early cash flow.
 CPF

In the Oil & Gas industry,

a Central Processing
Facility (CPF) is part of
the Upstream process
that first transforms
crude oil or raw natural
gas after it exits the
production wells. The
CPF separates oil from
the gas, water, sand,
solvents or additives it
may contain.
 ‫‪Pu‬‬
‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫‪mp‬‬
‫‪Met‬‬ ‫‪Exp‬‬
‫‪nifo‬‬ ‫‪Tra‬‬ ‫‪Tan‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪ld‬‬ ‫‪erin‬‬ ‫‪orti‬‬
‫‪in‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫من‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪ng‬‬
‫‪ll‬‬ ‫مج‬ ‫ضف‬ ‫خزا‬ ‫ظو‬ ‫عدا‬ ‫تصد‬
‫بئر‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ن‬ ‫مة‬ ‫دات‬ ‫ير‬
‫ابار‬ ‫الض‬
‫خ‬

‫‪1st‬‬ ‫‪2nd‬‬
‫‪Heat‬‬ ‫‪Desal‬‬
‫‪Vesse‬‬ ‫‪Vesse‬‬ ‫‪Dehy‬‬
‫‪Unit‬‬ ‫‪ter‬‬
‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪drate‬‬
‫وحدة‬ ‫ساحبة‬
‫ألعازلة‬ ‫العازلة‬ ‫مجفف‬
‫تسخين‬ ‫االمالح‬
‫االولى‬ ‫الثانية‬
Manifold
Train
Vessels
Horizontal Separator:
Vessels
Vertical Separator:
Vessels
Spherical Separator:
Dehydration &
Desalting
Tanks
Fixed Roof Tank
Tanks
Floating Roof Tank
Pumps & Gas
Turbines
Pumps & Gas
Turbines
Workshops
Muster point

A Safe Muster Point is a designated

area chosen to provide maximum
physical protection to the crew.
PPE
 Hierarchy of Controls
PPE controls:
• Requires worker to wear something
• Examples

Source of Photos: OSHA

Workplace Fires
On average kill more than 100 and injure
more than 1,600 workers each year.

There is a long and tragic history of

workplace fires in this country caused by
problems with fire exits and extinguishing
systems.

OSHA requires employers to provide proper

exits, fire fighting equipment, and
employee training to prevent fire deaths
and injuries in the workplace.
Fire Safety Objectives
• Understand the combustion process and different fire classes

• Understand fire extinguisher types, operating procedures

• Understand basic firefighting concepts

 Ingredients of a Fire
 There are three fundamental and essential
“ingredients” necessary to produce the chemical reaction
that is called fire:
Oxygen - the catalyst
Heat - the ignition source
Fuel - solid, liquid, or gas that
burns
 You remove one of these ingredients, you can extinguish
the fire.
Fire Classes
A Trash Wood Paper B Liquids Grease

 wood • gasoline
 paper • oil
• grease
 cloth
• other
 etc.
solvents

C Electrical Equipment • magnesiu

COMBUSTIBLE m
• computers • sodium
• fax machine • potassium
• other
D
• titanium
energized • other
electrical METALS flammable
equip. metals
Fire Extinguisher
PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING

AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
Fire Extinguisher Types
A Trash Wood Paper
A Trash Wood Paper
PRESSURIZED WATER
 Class “A” fires only
 2.5 gal. water
(up to 1 minute discharge
time)
B Liquids Grease
B Liquids Grease
 Has pressure gauge to allow
visual capacity check
 30-40 ft. maximum effective
range
C Electrical Equipment
 Can be started and stopped as
C Electrical Equipment
necessary
 Extinguishes by cooling burning
material below the ignition point.
Fire Extinguisher Types
A Trash Wood Paper
A Trash Wood Paper
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
 Class “B” or “C” fires
 2.5-100 lb. of CO2
(8-30 seconds discharge time)
B Liquids Grease
 Has NO pressure gauge--
B Liquids Grease
capacity verified by weight
 3-8 ft. maximum effective
range
 Extinguishes by smothering
C Electrical Equipment
C Electrical Equipment burning materials
 Effectiveness decreases as
temperature of burning
material increases.
Fire Extinguisher Types
A Trash Wood Paper
A Trash Wood Paper
MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL
 Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires
 2.5-20 lb. dry chemical
(ammonium phosphate)
B Liquids Grease
B Liquids Grease
8-25 seconds discharge time)
 Has pressure gauge to allow
visual capacity check
 5-20 ft. maximum effective
C Electrical Equipment
range
C Electrical Equipment
 Extinguishes by smothering
burning materials.
Fire Extinguisher Types
EXTINGUISHER TYPE WORKS BY EFFECTIVE AGAINST

PRESSURIZED
COOLING
WATER

CARBON
SMOTHERING
DIOXIDE

MULTIPURPOSE
SMOTHERING
DRY CHEMICAL
Fire Emergency Response
Rescue
R
A Alarm

C Contain

Extinguish
E
Fighting the Fire
Pull the pin
P
Aim low at
the base of flames
A Squeeze the handle

S Sweep side to side

S
 Need to know
 Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes
 Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them
 Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size
 Avoid smoky conditions
 Ensure area is evacuated
 Don’t attempt to fight unless:
 Alarm is sounded
 Fire is small and contained
 You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to fire)
 Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire

 If in doubt, evacuate!

“DON’T ATTEMPT TO FIGHT UNLESS YOU ARE TRAINED”

Example
• https://www.google.com/search?
q=youtube+fire+safety&tbm=vid&sa=X&ved=2ahUK
EwiwvpjG4PT_AhWzQ_EDHR9bAJoQ0pQJegQIBRAB&bi
w=1536&bih=755&dpr=1.25#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:0
9b7c4b4,vid:EL728iXFOw0
 Escape Route
 “A continuous and unobstructed
way of exit travel from any point in
a building or structure to a public
way (a street, yard, court or other
open space leading to the street)”

 Three parts to an escape route:

 the way of exit access;

 the exit; and
 the way of exit discharge.
Escape Routes: General
Requirements
 Fire alarms = required if a fire could start
without providing adequate warning to
occupants.
 Must be enough exits in proper
arrangement for quick escape.
 Adequate and reliable illumination
 must be provided for all exit facilities.

 Escape Routes:
 Minimum width = 28”

 Minimum ceiling height = 7-½’

Locking Exits
Must not install any lock or fastening device that
impedes/prevents escape from the inside of any
building.

Locked and
blocked exit
Is This Okay?

No – clutter in
exit, exit
access poorly
lit
Maintaining Escape Routes
Escape routes from all parts of a building must be
continuously maintained free of all obstructions in
case of emergency.

Blocked &
Obstructed exit
Exit Marking

Exits must be marked by

a readily visible sign
when the exit or way to
reach it is not
immediately visible
to occupants.
Exit Marking

If a door, passage, or stairway

is not an exit or way of exit
access, but may be mistaken
for one, it must be identified
by a sign reading “Not an
Exit”, “Storeroom”, “To
Basement”, etc.
Exit Marking

Sign reading “Exit” with

arrow indicating direction
must be placed in every
location where direction of
travel to nearest exit is not
immediately apparent.
Portable Fire Extinguishers

If portable fire extinguishers

are provided for employee
use, employer must mount,
locate, and identify them so
workers can access without
being injured.

Blocked extinguisher
Do You See a Problem Here?

Access to fire
extinguisher
obstructed

110
Maintaining Portable Fire Extinguishers

• Must maintain in fully charged and operable

condition.
• Must keep in their designated locations at all
times except during use.
• Must conduct an annual maintenance check.
• Must do “visual inspection” monthly (i.e.
ensure extinguisher in place, not damaged,
and properly charged).
Extinguisher Training and
Education
 If portable fire extinguishers
are provided for employee use,
employees must be given
training on the:

 General principles of fire

extinguisher use
 Hazards of incipient (beginning)
stage fire fighting

 Employees designated to
use extinguishers must
receive instruction and
hands-on practice in the
operation of equipment
Fire Prevention Plan
 The plan must include:
 -A list of the major fire hazards and handling, storage,
and control procedures.
 -Names/job titles of persons responsible for
maintenance of equipment and systems to prevent or
control ignitions or fires.
 -Names or job titles of persons responsible for
control of fuel source hazards.
 -Training for all employees who have responsibilities in
the plan.
Workplace Fire Prevention Tips
• Eliminate Fire Hazards: Keeping workspaces free
of waste paper and other combustibles, replacing
damaged electrical cords and avoiding overloaded
circuits.
• Prepare for Emergencies: Making sure all smoke
detectors work, knowing who to call in an emergency
and participating in fire drills.
• Report Fires and Emergencies Promptly: Sounding the
fire alarm and calling the fire department.
• Evacuate Safely: Leaving the area quickly in an
emergency, using stairs instead of the elevator, and
helping your coworkers.
SCBA
• A self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA),
sometimes referred to as a compressed air
breathing apparatus (CABA) or simply breathing
apparatus (BA), is a device worn to provide
breathable air in an atmosphere that is
immediately dangerous to life or health. They are
typically used in firefighting and industry. The term self-
contained means that the SCBA is not dependent on a
remote supply of breathing gas (e.g., through a long
hose). If designed for use under water, it is also known
as a scuba set (self-contained underwater breathing
apparatus). When not used underwater, they are
sometimes called industrial breathing sets.
Unofficial names include air pack, air tank, oxygen
cylinder or simply pack, which are mostly used in
firefighting.
Safety harness
Confined Space
Confined space entry

• Confined space training is

aimed at creating awareness
for all workers who may have
to work in confined spaces in
the execution of their duties.
This training sets out
efficient standard and safe
methods through which work
can be carried out and to
reduce to as low as possible
all envisaged hazards
 Confined space entry

• A confined space is any enclosed or

partially enclosed space located either
above or below ground or deck level
where entry is possible and where
there is a risk of oxygen deficiency or
enrichment, or the accumulation of
dust or gases which are flammable or
hazardous to a person’s health or
where there may be other physical
hazard.
Confined space entry
• A quick entry in to
the sewage to check
the back weld on the
joint without permit
and gas test claimed
the welder’s life…
What went wrong?
Confined space Criteria

• Large enough to enter and perform work

• Has limited or restricted access and egress
• Not designed for continuous human occupancy
Examples Of Confined Spaces

• Pipes
• Boilers
• Furnaces
• Silos
• Ducts
Examples Of Confined Spaces

• Tanks
• Manholes
• Pits
• Tunnels
• Sewers
• Trenches
Entry Procedures
• Entry into a confined space must only be carried out when it is
absolutely essential with the following controls
• Review of entry permit
• Familiarize personnel with confined space hazards
• Train personnel on safeguards and test equipment
• Provision of qualified and authorize supervision
• Establish emergency plan and training
Responsibilities
• Supervisor:
• To assure adequate protection is provided to the entrants by
verifying adequate lockout/tagout and that all hazards are securely
isolated
• To support attendant’s authority in controlling access to a confined
space
• To verify that all personnel have exited prior to closing the space
• To assure that all personnel involved are aware of the hazards
associated with the space
• Health & safety requirements
• Familiar with the Confined Space Entry Procedure and Emergency
Plan
Responsibilities
Attendants/hole watch:
• Checking personnel in/out of confined space.
• To be alert always, never leaving duty post until work
is completed
• Maintaining contact (visual, verbal, tag line, whistle).
• Establish and agree with personnel, an emergency
signal for evacuation
• Ability to summon help through radio, phone for
rescue, medical help
Responsibilities
Attendant/hole watch
• To assist physically any time
when necessary
• To be fully aware that his entry is
not permitted whatsoever
• To be familiar with the use of self
contained breathing apparatus,
First aid kit & other rescue
equipment on standby
Confined Space Hazards
• Oxygen deficiency / enrichment

Fire & explosion

Chemical hazards / toxic atmospheres
Physical hazards & use of electrical equipment within the confined space
Limited access into & egress from the confined space