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Lecture # 11 Soil Organic Matter

The document discusses the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in environmental sciences, highlighting its components, benefits, and its impact on soil fertility and structure. It also covers the decomposition processes of organic matter in soil and water, emphasizing the differences in decomposition rates based on the type of organic compounds. Additionally, the document provides references for further reading on the topic.

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14 views14 pages

Lecture # 11 Soil Organic Matter

The document discusses the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in environmental sciences, highlighting its components, benefits, and its impact on soil fertility and structure. It also covers the decomposition processes of organic matter in soil and water, emphasizing the differences in decomposition rates based on the type of organic compounds. Additionally, the document provides references for further reading on the topic.

Uploaded by

marwanajeeb666
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COURSE CODE: CHEM-200; CREDIT HOUR: 1(1-0)

COURSE TITLE: Environmental Sciences

B.S ZOOLOGY (MA)


MADAM ZAHRA JAMIL
GCWUF
LECTURE # 11
ORGANIC MATTER IN WATER, SOIL
AND ITS DECOMPOSITION
Contents

■ Soil organic matter(som)


■ Benefits of SOM:
■ SOM
■ Decomposition of soil
■ Water Organic matter
■ Fate of organic matter in water.
■ REFERENCES
Soil organic matter(SOM)
■The organic matter that is the component of soil like
fresh residues.
■It consists of following:
1. plant and animal detritus at various stages of
decomposition.
2. cells and tissues of soil microbes
3. substances that soil microbes synthesize.
(Brady & Weil,1999)
Flow chart of SOM

Graphical estimation of SOM


Benefits of SOM:
■The benefits of SOM includes
1. improvement of soil structure
2. aggregation
3. water retention
4. soil biodiversity
5. buffering capacity, and the cycling and storage of
plant nutrients.
.)Beare, Hendrix, Cabrera & Coleman, 1994(
SOM
■ SOM increases soil fertility by
providing cation exchange sites
and being a reserve of plant
nutrients, especially nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S),
along with micronutrients, which
the mineralization of SOM slowly
releases(The amount of SOM and
soil fertility are significantly
correlated).
https://www.aquaculture(

allance.org/advocate/decom
position-and-accumulation-
Decomposition of soil
■ Soil microbes decompose vegetal detritus through enzymatic
biochemical processes
■produce the mineral compounds that plant roots are act to
absorb.
– The decomposition of organic compounds specifically into
mineral e.g. inorganic material (mineralization)".
– A portion of organic matter is not mineralized and instead
decomposed into stable organic matter (humus)
.)Claugherty, M.C., 2001(
Water Organic matter

■ The major sources of organic matter in aquaculture ponds are


- organic fertilizer,
- remains of microorganisms
- phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos produced within the
pond,
- feces of the culture animals, and uneaten feed . (
https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/decomposition-a
nd-accumulation-of-organic-matter-in-ponds/
)
■ Organic matter that contains a higher nitrogen content usually
is easier to decompose than organic matter of lower nitrogen
content.
■ One reason is that organic matter of higher nitrogen content
contains less fiber, but an equally important reason is that
microorganisms of decay need nitrogen to produce their cells
(biomass). (
https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/decomposition-a
nd-accumulation-of-organic-matter-in-ponds
/)
■The decomposition of organic compounds in soil and
water occurs at very different rates, depending on the
nature of the compound. The ranking, from fast to
slow rates, is:
1. Sugars, starch, and simple proteins
2. Proteins
3. Hemicellulose
4. Cellulose
5. Liginin and fats.
(Brady & Nyle , 1984)
Fate of Organic Matter in Water

https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/decomposition-and-accumulation-of-organic-matter-in-ponds/
References
■ Beare, M. H.; Hendrix, P. F.; Cabrera, M. L.; Coleman, D. C. (1994).
"Aggregate-Protected and Unprotected Organic Matter Pools in Conventional- and No-Tillage Soi
ls"
. Soil Science Society of America Journal. Free PDF download. 58 (3): 787
■ Brady, N. C., and Weil, R.R., 1999. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey, USA,
■ Brady, Nyle C. (1984). The Nature and Properties of Soils (Ninth ed.). New York, USA:
MacMillan. p. 254. ISBN 0-02-313340-6.
■ https://
www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/decomposition-and-accumulation-of-organic-matter-in-po
nds/
■ Claugherty, M.C., 2001. Soils and Decomposition. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SCIENCES,
Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Nature Publishing Group / www.els.net Mount Union College,
Alliance, Ohio, USA

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