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Graph of Sine and Cosine

The document provides an overview of the graphs of sine and cosine functions, including their characteristics such as domain, range, amplitude, and period. It also discusses sinusoidal functions, variations of sine and cosine functions, and the properties of secant and cosecant functions. The periodic nature of these trigonometric functions is emphasized, with a focus on their graphical representations and calculations of period and amplitude.

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Redalyn Dela Cruz
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879 views33 pages

Graph of Sine and Cosine

The document provides an overview of the graphs of sine and cosine functions, including their characteristics such as domain, range, amplitude, and period. It also discusses sinusoidal functions, variations of sine and cosine functions, and the properties of secant and cosecant functions. The periodic nature of these trigonometric functions is emphasized, with a focus on their graphical representations and calculations of period and amplitude.

Uploaded by

Redalyn Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graph of
Trigonometric Functions
GRAPHS OF SINE AND
COSINE FUNCTIONS
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the students are expected
to:
• Graph Sine and Cosine functions
• Identify the domain, range, amplitude and
period of a graph.
Recall that the sine and cosine functions relate real number values
to the x- and y-coordinates of a point on the unit circle. So what do
they look like on a graph on a coordinate plane? Let’s start with
the sine function.
Plotting the points from the table and continuing along
the x-axis gives the shape of the sine function.
See Figure 2.
Now let’s take a similar look at the cosine function. Again, we can
create a table of values and use them to sketch a graph. Table
2 lists some of the values for the cosine function on a unit circle.
As with the sine function, we can plots points to create
a graph of the cosine function as in Figure 4.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SINE AND COSINE FUNCTIONS
The sine and cosine functions have several distinct
characteristics:
• They are periodic functions with a period of
• The domain of each function is and the range is .
• The graph of is symmetric about the y-axis, because it is
an even function.
Period- the length of one full cycle
• After one period, the functions
repeat itself

Amplitude- The distance from the


midline to the maximum or minimum
height
• We can measure the height from
highest to lowest points and
divide that by 2.
SINUSOIDAL FUNCTIONS
A function that has the same general shape as a sine or cosine
function is known as sinusoidal function. The general forms of
sinusoidal functions are

and
PERIOD OF SINUSOIDAL FUNCTIONS
If we let and in the general form equations of the sine
and cosine functions, we obtain the forms.

The period is
Determine the period of the functions
EXAMPLE

Determine the period of the function


AMPLITUDE OF SINUSOIDAL FUNCTIONS
If we let C=0 and D=0 in the general form equations of
the sine and cosine functions we obtain the forms

The amplitude is which is the vertical height from the


midline.
EXAMPLE
What is the amplitude of the sinusoidal function
Solution:
What are the period
and amplitude of the
VARIATIONS OF SINE AND COSINE FUNCTION
Given an equation in the form is the phase shift and D
is the vertical shift/midline.

Example: Determine the direction and magnitude of the


pahse shift and vertical shift for
Notice how the sine values are positive between 0 and which
corresponds to the values of the sine function in quadrants I and II on
the unit circle, and the sine value are negative between and 2 , which
corresponds to the values of the sine function in quadrants III and IV on
the unit circle.
GRAPHS OF SECANT AND COSECANT
FUNCTIONS
The secant was defined by the reciprocal identity
Notice that function is undefined when the cosine is ,
leading to vertical asymptotes at etc. Because the
cosine is never more than 1 in absolute value, the
secant will never be less than 1 in absolute value.
We can graph by observing the graph of the cosine function
because this two function are reciprocals of one another.
Properties
1. The domain of the function is all real
numbers except at where k is an odd
integer.
2. The range of the function is also and y
3. The period is
4. The graph has an asymptotes at and
the angles, where k is an odd integer.
Similar to the secant, the cosecant is defined by the
reciprocal identity Notice that the function is undefined
when the sine is 0, leading to a vertical asymptote in
the graph at etc. Since the sine is never more than 1 in
absolute value, the cosecant, being the reciprocal will
never be less than 1 in absolute value.
We can graph by observing the graph of the sine function because these two
functions are reciprocals of one another.
Properties
1. The domain of the function is all real numbers except
and in any angle where k is an integer.
2. The range of the function is also and y
3. The period is
4. The function is undefined at and in any angle where k
is an integer.
5. The graph of the cosecant function in the interval of
domain, can be obtained by reflecting the graph of the sine
function with respect to the line in the interval and in the
interval and considering the values where the cosecant
function is undefined.
Because we can evaluate the sine and cosine of any real
number, both of these functions are defined for all real
numbers. By thinking of the sine and cosine values as
coordinates of points on a unit circle, it becomes clear
that the range of both functions must be the interval
In both graphs, the shape of the graph repeats after
which means the functions are periodic with a period of
. A periodic function is a function for which a
specific horizontal shift, P, results in a function: equal to
the original function: for all values of in the domain of
When this occurs, we call the smallest such horizontal
shift with the period of the function. Figure 5 shows
several periods of the sine and cosine functions.
Determining the Period of Sinusoidal Functions
General formula:

If then the period is less than and the function


undergoes a horizontal compression.
If then the period is greater than and the function
undergoes a horizontal stretch.
Example:
Determine the period of the function
Determine the period of the function
Determining Amplitude
A represents the vertical stretch factor, and its absolute value is
the amplitude.
Slide Title
We have seen that as we travel around the unit circle, the values of the
trigonometric functions repeat. We can see this pattern in the graphs
of the functions. Let P=(x,y) be a point on the unit circle and let θ be
the corresponding angle. Since the angle θ and θ+2π correspond to
the same point P, the values of the trigonometric functions at θ and
at θ+2π are the same. Consequently, the trigonometric functions
are periodic functions. The period of a function f is defined to be the
smallest positive value p such that f(x+p)=f(x) for all values x in the
domain of f. The sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant functions have a
period of 2π. Since the tangent and cotangent functions repeat on an
interval of length π, their period is π (Figure 9).

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