(a)Definition

LAPLACE (b)Transforms of Elementary Functions

TRANSFORMS
(c)Properties of Laplace Transforms
(d)Inverse Laplace Transforms
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Laplace transform is named in honour of the great French mathematician,
Pierre Simon De Laplace (1749-1827). Like all transforms, the Laplace
transform changes one signal into another according to some fixed set of
rules or equations. The best way to convert differential equations into
algebraic equations is the use of Laplace transformation.
Laplace transformation plays a major role in control system engineering. To
analyze the control system, Laplace transforms of different functions have
to be carried out. Both the properties of the Laplace transform and the
inverse Laplace transformation are used in analyzing the dynamic control
system. In this article, we will discuss in detail the definition of Laplace
transform, its formula, properties, Laplace transform table and its
applications in a detailed way.
 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS FORMULA
Laplace transform is the integral transform of the given derivative function with real
variable t to convert into a complex function with variable s. For t ≥ 0, let f(t) be
given and assume the function satisfies certain conditions to be stated later on.

The Laplace transform of f(t), that is denoted by L{f(t)} or F(s) is

defined by the Laplace transform formula:
=
whenever the improper integral converges.
Standard notation: Where the notation is clear, we will use an uppercase letter to
indicate the Laplace transform, e.g, L(f; s) = F(s).
The Laplace transform we defined is sometimes called the one-sided Laplace
transform. There is a two-sided version where the integral goes from −∞ to ∞.
LAPLACE
TRANSFORMS
of
ELEMENTARY
FUNCTIONS
TABLE
PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:

ℒ [ 1]
∞

∞
¿∫ 𝑒
0
𝑢
( 𝑑𝑢
−𝑠 )
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 −1
∞
0 ¿
𝑠 0
∫ 𝑒
𝑢
𝑑𝑢
∞
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ ( 1 ) 𝑒 − 1 − 𝑠𝑡 ∞
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ¿ [ 𝑒 ]0
0 𝑠
− 1 − 𝑠 ( ∞) 0 − 𝑠 (0 )
[𝑒 ]
∞
¿∫ 𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ¿ −𝑒
𝑠
0
−1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢=− 𝑠𝑡 ¿ [ 0− 1 ]
𝑠
𝑑𝑢=− 𝑠𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢 1
𝑑𝑡= ¿
−𝑠 𝑠
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:

ℒ[5]
∞

∞
¿ 5∫ 𝑒
0
𝑢
( )
𝑑𝑢
−𝑠
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 −5
∞
0 ¿
𝑠 0
∫ 𝑒
𝑢
𝑑𝑢
∞
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ ( 5 ) 𝑒 − 5 − 𝑠𝑡 ∞
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ¿ [ 𝑒 ]0
0 𝑠
−5 −𝑠 ( ∞ ) 0 − 𝑠 ( 0)
[𝑒 ]
∞
¿ 5∫ 𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ¿ −𝑒
𝑠
0
−5
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢=− 𝑠𝑡 ¿ [ 0 −1 ]
𝑠
𝑑𝑢=− 𝑠𝑑𝑡 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 5 ∴ℒ [𝐶]=
𝑑𝑡=
−𝑠
¿
𝑠
𝑠
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3:

¿𝑢𝑣−∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
ℒ[𝑡 ]
[ ]
∞ ∞ ∞
−1 − 𝑠𝑡 −1 − 𝑠𝑡
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ¿ (𝑡 )( 𝑒 ) −∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 0 0 𝑠
0

[ ]
∞ ∞
−𝑡 − 𝑠𝑡 −1 − 𝑠𝑡
∞ ¿ 𝑒 −∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ 𝑡 𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 0 0

0 0∞
( ) ( )
0
−∞ − 𝑠 ( ∞) − 0 − 𝑠 ( 0) −1 − 𝑠𝑡
¿ 𝑒 − 𝑒 −∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢=𝑡 𝑠 𝑠 0 𝑠
𝑑𝑢=𝑑𝑡 ∞
−1 − 𝑠𝑡
¿ −∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
0 𝑠
𝑑𝑣=𝑒 𝑑𝑡
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑢=− 𝑠𝑡 1
∞
¿ ∫𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡
− 1 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑢=− 𝑠𝑑𝑡 𝑠 0
𝑣= 𝑒
𝑠 𝑑𝑢 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢=− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡=
−𝑠 𝑑𝑢=− 𝑠𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑡 =
−𝑠
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 3:
∞
1
¿ ∫𝑒
𝑠 0
𝑢 𝑑𝑢
−𝑠¿ (
¿ ) −1
¿ 2 [ 0− 1 ]
∞ 𝑠
¿ ( )(
1
𝑠
−1
𝑠 ) ( 𝑑𝑢)
∫
0
𝑒
𝑢

1
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑢=− 𝑠𝑡 ¿ 2
𝑠
− 1 − 𝑠𝑡 ∞
¿ 2 [𝑒 ]0
𝑠

− 1 − 𝑠 ( ∞) 0 − 𝑠 (0 )
¿ 2
[𝑒 −𝑒 ]
𝑠
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4:

¿𝑢𝑣−∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
ℒ[𝑡 ]
2

[( ) ]
∞ ∞ ∞
2
−𝑡 − 1 − 𝑠𝑡
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑒 −∫
− 𝑠𝑡 − 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ¿
𝑠
(𝑒 )
𝑠
𝑒 (2 𝑡𝑑𝑡 )
0 0 0

0 0
( ) ( )
∞ 2 2 ∞
−( ∞) − 𝑠 (∞ ) −(0 ) 2
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ 𝑡 𝑒 + ∫𝑒
2 − 𝑠𝑡 −𝑠 ( 0 ) − 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ¿ 𝑒 − 𝑒 ∙ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 0
0
2 ∞
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢=𝑡 2
¿ ∫ 𝑒 − 𝑠𝑡 ∙𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢=2𝑡𝑑𝑡 𝑠 0

𝑑𝑣=𝑒 𝑑𝑡
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑢=− 𝑠𝑡 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢=𝑡
− 1 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑢=− 𝑠𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑢=𝑑𝑡
2
𝑣=
𝑠
𝑒
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣=𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ¿ [ 𝑢𝑣−∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ]
𝑑𝑡=
−𝑠 𝑣=
− 1 −𝑠𝑡
𝑒
𝑠
𝑠
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 4:
∞

2 2
¿ 2 ∫𝑒 ∙
𝑑𝑢
( )
( )
𝑢

¿ [ 𝑢𝑣−∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ]
−2
𝑠 0 −𝑠 ¿ 3
[ 0 − 1]
𝑠 ∞ 𝑠
¿
( 𝑠 )( 𝑠 )∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
2 −1 𝑢

[[ ]
2

]
∞ ∞
2 − 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑡 − 1 − 𝑠𝑡 0
2
¿ 𝑒 −∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 ¿
𝑠3
0 ∞

( )
0
−2
0 0 ¿ ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
[ ]
∞ 3
2 − ∞ − 𝑠( ∞ ) − 0 − 𝑠 ( 0) 1 𝑠
+ ∫𝑒 0
− 𝑠𝑡
¿ 𝑒 − 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 0

¿
2 1
[∫ ]
∞
𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡
¿( )[𝑒 ]
−2
𝑠3
𝑢 ∞
0

𝑠 𝑠 0

¿( )
−2 − 𝑠𝑡 ∞
2
∞
3
[𝑒 ] 0
¿ 2 ∫ 𝑒 − 𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑠 𝑛!
𝑠 0
0 ∴ ℒ [ 𝑛
𝑡 ] =
¿( )
−2 𝑛 +1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢=− 𝑠𝑡 3
[𝑒 −𝑒
− 𝑠 (∞ ) − 𝑠( 0 )
] 𝑠
𝑠
𝑑𝑢=− 𝑠𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑡 =
−𝑠
WHAT IS INVERSE LAPLACE
TRANSFORMS?
The Inve­rse Laplace Transform is a mathematical
ope­ration that reverses the process of taking Laplace
transforms. It converts a function from the Laplace
domain, where comple­x numbers are used, back to the
original time domain. This operation finds wide
applications in e­ngineering, physics, and mathematics
for analyzing and solving line­ar time-invariant systems
and differe­ntial equations.
WHAT IS INVERSE LAPLACE
TRANSFORMS?
The symbolic notation of Inverse Laplace Transform is
given below :

It is used to find the original time-domain function

from its Laplace Transform. Also used for solving diffe­
rential equations and finding solutions in the time­
domain for systems described in Laplace­domain.
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:

𝟐
𝑭 ( 𝒔 )=

[ ]
𝟑 −𝟓 𝒔 ¿
−2
ℒ
−1
1
5 3
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑠−
1 5
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =2 ∙
−5
−3
5
+𝑠 ( ) ¿
−2
𝑒
3
5
𝑡

−2 1 5
𝐹 ( 𝑠) = ∙
5 3
𝑠−
5
𝑇h𝑢𝑠 ,

[ ]
−1 −2 1
𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) =ℒ ∙
5 3
𝑠−
5
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:

𝟓𝒔
𝑭 ( 𝒔 )= 𝟐

𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
𝒔 +𝟗 ¿ 5 ℒ −1
[ 𝑠
𝑠 2+ 9 ]
𝑠
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =5 ∙ 2
𝑠 +9 ¿ 5 cos ⁡( 3 𝑡 )

𝑇h𝑢𝑠 ,

[
𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) =ℒ −1 5 ∙
𝑠
𝑠 2+ 9 ]
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 3:

𝟐
𝑭 ( 𝒔 )=
[ ]
𝟒 −1
𝟑𝒔 1
¿ ℒ
3!
4
9 𝑠
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦

1 3!
𝐹 ( 𝑠) = ∙ 4
9 𝑠 1 3
¿ 𝑡
9
𝑇h𝑢𝑠 ,

𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) =ℒ
−1
[ 1 3!
∙ 4
9 𝑠 ]
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 4:

𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐 𝒔
𝑭 ( 𝒔 )= + 𝟐
𝟑 −𝟒 𝒔 𝒔 +𝟒𝟗
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
1 3 2𝑠
𝐹 ( 𝑠) = + 2 − 2
−4 (
−3
4
+𝑠
𝑠 + 49
)
𝑠 + 49

1 1 3 7 𝑠
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =− ∙ + ∙ 2 − 2∙
4 3 7 𝑠 +7 2 2
𝑠 +7
2
𝑠−
4
𝑇h𝑢𝑠 ,

[ ]
−1 1 1 3 7 𝑠
𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) =ℒ − ∙ + ∙ 2 − 2 ∙
4 3 7 𝑠 +72 𝑠 2 +7 2
𝑠−
4
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS SAMPLE PROBLEM 4:

[ ] [ ] [ ]
−1 −1
1 1 3 7 𝑠
ℒ ℒ ℒ
−1
¿− + 2 2
− 2 2 2
4 3 7 𝑠 +7 𝑠 +7
𝑠−
4

3
1 4
𝑡 3
¿− 𝑒 + sin ( 7 𝑡 ) −2 cos ⁡(7 𝑡 )
4 7
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

THE
END