L1: DEFINING

GLOBALIZATION
GEED 9 – CONTEMPORARY WORLD WITH PEACE
EDUCATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Define what is Globalization
Identify the positive and negative aspects of Globalization
WHICH OR WHICH?
WHICH OR WHICH?
WHICH OR WHICH?
WHICH OR WHICH?
WHICH OR WHICH?
CRUSH/BF/GF
EX KA TALKING
STAGE?
 WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
According to sociologists Martin Albro
and Elizabeth King, “Globalization is the
process by which the people of the
world are integrated into a single world
society.”
 WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
Thomas Larsson (2001) states that “it is the process
of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter,
things moving closer. It pertains to the increasing
ease with which somebody on one side of the world
can interact, to mutual benefit with somebody on the
other side of the world”
TASK DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION
 WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
The literature on the definitions of Globalization revealed
that definitions could be classified as either
(1) broad and inclusive or
(2) narrow and exclusive.
The one offered by Ohmae in 1992 stated, «. globalization
means the onset of the borderless world..." (p. 14).
This is an example of a broad and inclusive type of
definition.
 WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
If one uses such, it can include a variety of issues that
deal with overcoming traditional boundaries.
However, it does not shed light on the implications of
globalization due to its vagueness.
 WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
Narrow and exclusive definitions are better justified
but can be limiting, in the sense that their application
adhere to only particular definitions.
 WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
Robert Cox's definition suits best in this type: "the
characteristics of the globalization trend include the
internationalizing of production, the new international
division of labor, new migratory movements from South to
North, the new competitive environment that accelerates
these processes, and the internationalizing of the state...
making states into agencies of the globalizing world" (as
cited in RAWOO Netherlands Development Assistance
Research Council, 2000, p. 14).
 Why are we going to spend time studying
this concept?
 How can we appreciate these definitions?

 How can these help us understand

globalization?
 PERSPECTIVE OF A PERSON WHO DEFINES
GLOBALIZATION SHAPES ITS DEFINITION
The overview of definitions implies that globalization
is many things to many different people. In 1996,
Arjun Appadurai said, "globalization is a 'world of
things' that have different speeds, axes, points of
origin and termination, and varied relationships to
institutional structures in different regions, nations,
or societies" (as cited in Chowdhury, 2006, p. 137).
 Overall, globalization is a concept that is
not easy to define because in reality,
globalization has a shifting nature. It is
complex, multifaceted, and can be
influenced by the people who define it.
Moreover, the issues and concerns small
communities to nations and states, and
from the benefits we can gain from it to
the costs it could carry.
METAPHORS OF
GLOBALIZATION
 SOLID AND LIQUID
Solidity also refers to barriers that prevent or
make difficult the movement of things.
Furthermore, solids can either be natural or
man-made. Examples of natural solids are
landforms and bodies of water. Man-made
barriers include the Great Wall of China and the
Berlin Wall.
Great Wall of
China Berlin Wall
 SOLID AND LIQUID
An imaginary line such as the nine-dash line used
by the People's Republic of China in their claim to
the South China Sea is an example of modern man-
made solid.
This creates limited access of Filipino fishers to the
South China Sea. Obviously, these examples still
exist. However, they have the tendency to melt.
 LIQUID
Liquid, as a state of matter, takes the shape of
its container.
Moreover, liquids are not fixed.
Liquidity, therefore, refers to the increasing
ease of movement of people, things, information,
and places in the contemporary world.
 LIQUID
Zygmunt Bauman's ideas were the ones that
have much to say about the characteristic of
liquidity.
First, today's liquid phenomena change quickly
and their aspects, spatial and temporal, are in
continuous fluctuation.
 LIQUID
This means that space and time are crucial
elements of globalization. In global finance, for
instance, changes in the stock market are a
matter of seconds.
Another characteristic of liquid phenomena is
that their movement is difficult to stop.
 LIQUID
For example, videos
uploaded on YouTube or
Facebook are unstoppable
once they become viral.
The so-called Internet
sensations become famous
not only in their homeland
but also to the entire world.
 FLOWS
Flows are the movement of people, things, places, and
information brought by the growing "porosity" of global
limitations (Ritzer, 2015). Think of the different foreign
cuisines being patronized and consumed by the Filipinos.
Aside from local dishes, many of us are fond of eating
sushi, ramen, hamburger, and French fries-foods introduced
to us by foreign cultures. Clearly, foods are being globalized.
Another example of flows is global financial crises.
 FLOWS
The following are other kinds of flows that can be
observed today: poor illegal migrants flooding many
parts of the world (Moses, 2006), the virtual flow of
legal and illegal information such as blogs and child
pornography, respectively, and immigrants recreating
ethnic enclaves in host countries.
A concrete example is the Filipino communities abroad
and the Chinese communities in the Philippines.
POSITIVE ASPECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
 MULTICULTURALISM AND
MULTILINGUALISM
•Multiculturalism is the
coexistence of multiple
cultures in a society, and the
support of those cultural
differences by all groups. It's
a term used in sociology,
political philosophy, and
everyday language.
 MULTICULTURALISM AND
MULTILINGUALISM
•Multilingualism refers to the
ability of societies, institutions,
groups, and individuals to engage
with more than one language in
their day-to-day lives. It is a
phenomenon that has become
prevalent in the educational
context due to historical, social,
political, and economic reasons.
 MULTICULTURALISM AND
MULTILINGUALISM
•Free exchange of goods
and services need swift
communication, hence
the need to learn as many
languages as possible
 FREE TRADE
•Reduced cost on selling
products almost worldwide
provide huge profits for a
number of big transnational
corporations, and resulted in
cheaper prices of some
consumer such as cell
phones and computers
 CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL
EXCHANGE
•The rise of multilingualism
inevitably leads to the
study of diverse cultures
and eventually, more
educational exchange.
 MIGRATION
•The movement of a person or people from one
country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in
another; an instance of this.
•Migration is, first and foremost, a normal human
activity. Human beings have always moved from 'one
country, locality, [and] place of residence to settle in
another'.
 GLOBAL COOPERATION
•The collaboration between governments, businesses
or individuals in which it is agreed to work together
on similar objectives or strategies, particularly in
research or in setting industrial standards.
 PROMINENT PROMOTERS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Thomas Friedman, Martin Wolf, Mustafa Akyol,
Theodore Levitt and Fareed Zakaria; Politicians such
as Jose Manuel Barroso, Lee-Kuan Yew, Hillary
Clinton, and Emmanuel Macron; and entities such as
Bilderberg, International Monetary Fun (IMF), World
Bank (WB), and World Trade Organization (WTO)
NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
 LINGUISTIC HEGEMONY OF
ENGLISH
It is the dominance of English as a global language and the
power it holds over other languages. It can be seen in how
English is used in politics, education, and culture.
As the US and the then very much UL-influences EU utilize
English, Globalization compels other countries to use it as
well, with some former colonies such as Philippines and
Malawi, even prioritizing it over their own national
languages.
 CULTURAL HOMOGENIZATION
Cultural homogenization is the process by which local
cultures become more similar to each other, often due to
globalization. This can lead to a loss of cultural diversity and
the establishment of a single global culture.
 THIRD WORLD DEPENDENCE ON
THE FIRST WORLD
Despite globalization’s obvious contribution to the
successful leap of some countries from Third to First World
status, more Third World countries still complain that the
current setup favors developed countries more, especially
with regard to rules that prohibit developing countries from
providing massive state subsidies or aid to their farmers –
while EU heavily subsidizes their agricultural sector, and the
way global financial institutions fail to help many developing
countries in jumpstarting their industrialization.
 GLOBAL INCOME AND WEALTH
INEQUALITY
As only the biggest corporations seem to benefit
from stiff competition and unbridles free trade.
 TAX INJUSTICE
Under globalization, countries compete for foreign
investments and are forced to lower corporate tax
rates, thereby reducing the expected government
income which can be used for social services that can
shield the most vulnerable sectors from the negative
effects of globalization.
 RACISM AND ANTI-MIGRANT
SENTIMENT
As corporations in many First World countries hires
more migrants to save in wages, First World working-
class citizens complain about being left behind in
their own countries, hence partly fueling the rise of
racism and anti-migrants sentiment.
 PROMINENT ANTI – OR ALTER-
GLOBALIZATION THINKERS
Alejandro Lichauco, Ha-Joon Chang, Jose Maria
Sison, Josepht Stiglitz, Noam Chomsky, Samir Amin,
Slavoj Zizek, Thimas Piketty, Yanis Varoufakis and
Walden Bello.
 ALTER-GLOBALIZATION
PERSONALITIES
US President Donald Trump, US Senator Bernie
Sanders, Pope Francis, UL Labor Party Leader Jeremy
Corbyn, Former Venezuela President Hugo,
Guatemala Indigenous people leader, Riogoberta
Menchu, and French Politician Marine Le-Pen.
 ACTIVITY#1
1. What do you think is the importance of Globalization?
2. What is the most evident positive aspect of globalization?
Explain your answer with examples?
3. What is the most valid critique of globalization among its
negative aspects? Justify your answer.
 TASK #1
GOOD-ba-lization or glo-BAD-lization?
Directions: Take a stance whether Globalization is good or
bad for the country and its people.
Yellow paper, minimum of 150 words, maximum 200,
HAND-WRITTEN.