AI Ethics

ITAIA1

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Week 2 Recap: Defining
Characteristics of Contemporary
AI
Data-Driven:
- Utilizes large datasets to learn and make decisions.
Machine Learning:
- Subset of AI that allows systems to learn from data.
Deep Learning:
- Subset of machine learning with neural networks mimicking the
human brain.
Capabilities of Contemporary AI
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
- Understands and generates human language.
Computer Vision:
- Analyzes and interprets visual data.
Robotics:
- Controls mechanical systems to perform tasks.
Autonomous Systems:
- Operates independently with minimal human intervention.
AI in Practice
Examples of AI Applications:
- Personal Assistants (Siri, Alexa).
- Autonomous Vehicles (Tesla).
- Recommendation Systems (Netflix, Amazon).
- Healthcare (diagnostics, personalized treatment).
- etc
Ethical Considerations
Bias and Fairness:
- Ensuring AI systems are unbiased and fair.
Privacy:
- Protecting user data and maintaining privacy.
Accountability:
- Determining responsibility for AI decisions.
WEEK 3
.
Understanding Human
Intelligence
What is Human Intelligence?
Definition: Human intelligence encompasses cognitive
abilities such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving,
perception, and language comprehension.
Understanding Human
Intelligence
Key Components:
- Memory: Ability to store and recall information
- Problem-Solving Skills: Ability to find solutions to complex issues
- Emotional Intelligence: Understanding and managing emotions
- Creativity: Ability to generate new and original ideas
- Social Intelligence: Ability to navigate social environments and understand
social dynamics
- Theories:
- Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner): Proposes different types of intelligences such
as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, and interpersonal
- Triarchic Theory (Robert Sternberg): Proposes three types of intelligence – analytical,
creative, and practical
Agency in AI
What is Agency? – Agency refers to the capacity of an entity to act
independently and make its own choices.
In AI, agency involves:
- Autonomy: The ability of an AI system to operate without human
intervention
- Adaptability: The capacity to learn from data and experiences to improve
performance over time
- Decision-Making: The ability to analyze data and make decisions based on
algorithms and learned patterns
Agency in AI
Examples of AI Agency:
- Autonomous vehicles navigating traffic
- AI algorithms optimizing supply chains
- - AI in healthcare diagnosing diseases
Agency in Human Intelligence
What is Human Agency? Human agency is the capacity for human beings to
make choices and impose those choices on the world.
Components of Human Agency:
- Consciousness: Awareness of self and environment, enabling intentional
actions
- Emotional Intelligence: Ability to understand, manage, and respond to
one's own emotions and the emotions of others
- Creativity: The capacity to generate original ideas and innovative solutions
- Social Interaction: The ability to build relationships, communicate
effectively, and understand social dynamics
Agency in Human Intelligence
Examples of Human Agency:
- Human problem-solving in crisis situations
- Emotional connections in personal relationships
- Creative innovations in art and technology
Comparison: Learning and
Adaptation
Learning and Adaptation
- AI: - Learns from vast amounts of data - Continuously improves
through algorithms - Examples: Recommendation systems, speech
recognition
- Human:
- Learns through experiences, formal education, social
interactions
- Adaptation based on personal growth and life experiences -
Comparison: Learning and
Adaptation
Examples: Learning new languages, adapting to new cultures
- Similarity: Both can adapt and improve over time
- Difference: AI lacks the emotional and experiential depth of human
learning
Comparison: Decision-Making
Decision-Making
- AI: - Relies on data and predefined algorithms
- Excels in specific domains (e.g., chess, medical diagnosis)
Examples: Financial trading algorithms, autonomous robots
- Human: - Uses intuition, experience, emotions, and reasoning
- Flexible across diverse situations
Comparison: Decision-Making
Examples: Ethical decisions, personal judgments
- Similarity: Both aim to make informed decisions
- Difference: Human decision-making includes ethical and emotional
considerations
Comparison: Creativity and
Innovation
Creativity and Innovation
- AI: - Can generate creative outputs (e.g., art, music) based on learned
patterns
- Lacks genuine creativity
Examples: AI-generated art, music composition algorithms
- Human: - Innate ability to think outside the box
- Generates novel ideas and solutions
Examples: Artistic masterpieces, groundbreaking scientific discoveries
- Similarity: AI can mimic creative processes to some extent
- Difference: Human creativity is driven by consciousness and emotions
Comparison: Emotional
Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
AI: - Lacks genuine emotions
- Can simulate emotional responses (e.g., chatbots)
Examples: Customer service bots, virtual assistants

Human: - Deep understanding and management of personal and others' emotions

- Builds strong interpersonal relationships
Examples: Empathy in healthcare, emotional support in relationships
- Similarity: AI can recognize and respond to emotional cues
- Difference: AI's emotional responses are programmed, not felt
Ethical and Social Implications
Ethical and Social Implications
- AI: - Raises ethical concerns (e.g., bias, privacy, job displacement)
- Requires regulation and ethical guidelines
- Examples: Bias in AI algorithms, data privacy issues
- Human: - Ethical decisions are guided by moral values, societal norms -
Impacts society through personal and collective actions
- Examples: Ethical debates on technology use, social justice movements
- Similarity: Both can impact society significantly
- Difference: AI lacks inherent moral understanding
The Implications
of AI's Current
State on Various
Industries and
.

Domains
Healthcare Industry
Applications:
- Diagnostic tools (e.g., medical imaging analysis)
- Personalized treatment plans (e.g., genomics-based therapies) -
-- - Predictive analytics (e.g., predicting patient outcomes)
Benefits:
- Improved accuracy and efficiency in diagnoses
- Enhanced patient care and personalized medicine
- Early detection and prevention of diseases
Healthcare Industry
Challenges:
- Data privacy and security concerns
- Ethical considerations in AI-driven diagnoses
- Dependence on high-quality data
Finance Industry
Applications:
- Fraud detection and prevention (e.g., anomaly detection in
transactions)
- Algorithmic trading (e.g., high-frequency trading)
- Customer service (e.g., chatbots and virtual assistants)
Benefits:
- Increased accuracy in fraud detection
- Enhanced efficiency in trading and investment decisions
- Improved customer experience through automation
Finance Industry
Challenges:
- Risk of biased algorithms and decision-making
- Regulatory and compliance issues
- Job displacement concerns
Manufacturing Industry
Applications:
- Predictive maintenance (e.g., monitoring equipment health)
- Quality control (e.g., defect detection in production)
- Supply chain optimization (e.g., inventory management)
Benefits:
- Reduced downtime and maintenance costs
- Enhanced product quality and consistency
- Improved supply chain efficiency and cost savings
Manufacturing Industry
Challenges:
- Integration with existing systems and processes
- High initial investment costs
- Workforce reskilling and job displacement
Retail Industry
Applications:
- Personalized shopping experiences (e.g., recommendation systems)
- Inventory management (e.g., demand forecasting)
- Customer service (e.g., virtual assistants and chatbots)
Benefits:
- Improved customer satisfaction and loyalty
- Enhanced inventory efficiency and reduced costs
- Streamlined operations and better decision-making
Retail Industry
Challenges:
- Data privacy concerns with personalized data
- Dependence on accurate and up-to-date data
- Balancing automation with human touch
Education Sector
Applications:
- Personalized learning (e.g., adaptive learning platforms)
- Administrative tasks automation (e.g., grading, scheduling)
- Data-driven insights (e.g., student performance analytics)
Benefits:
- Tailored educational experiences for students
- Reduced administrative workload for educators
- Enhanced understanding of student needs and progress
Education Sector
Challenges:
- Ensuring equity and access to AI-driven tools
- Addressing data privacy and ethical concerns
- Potential loss of personal interaction in education
Transportation Industry

Applications:
- Autonomous vehicles (e.g., self-driving cars, drones)
- Traffic management (e.g., smart traffic lights)
- Predictive maintenance (e.g., vehicle health monitoring)
Benefits: - Improved safety and efficiency in transportation
- Reduced traffic congestion and environmental impact
- Lower operational costs and enhanced service quality
Transportation Industry
Challenges:
- Regulatory and safety concerns
- Public acceptance and trust issues
- Technological and infrastructural hurdles
Ethical and Social Implications
Ethical Concerns:
- Bias and fairness in AI algorithms
- Accountability and transparency in AI decision-
making
- Ethical use of AI in sensitive domains
Ethical and Social Implications
Social Implications:
- Impact on employment and job displacement
- Privacy concerns and data security
- Influence on social interactions and behavior
Future Prospects and
Recommendations
- Advancements in AI technology and applications
- Importance of ethical guidelines and regulations
Recommendations for industry stakeholders:
- Foster transparency and accountability in AI systems
- Invest in workforce reskilling and education
- Ensure equitable access to AI technologies