BOARD GAMES

SCRABBLE
 HISTORY OF SCRABBLE
Scrabble was conceived during the America’s Great
Depressionby an unemployed New York architect named
Alfred Mosher Butts,
He combined all three different categories: number
games, such as dice and bingo; move games, such as
chess and checkers; and word games, such as
anagrams.
Butts entwined the elements of anagrams and the
classic crossword puzzle into a scoring word game first
called LEXIKO. This was then refined during the early
1930s and 1940s to become CRISS CROSS WORDS.
 HISTORY OF SCRABBLE
LEXIKO
The game had no board
Alfred Butts sold Lexiko to friends
the Parker Brothers in Salem, Mass
Milton Bradley in Springfield, Mass.

Criss-Cross Words.
He added a board to Lexiko so words could be
created as crossword style. He then called it criss
cross words.
He made the games himself, hand- lettering the tiles
and gluing them to balsa wood. and sold for $2
 HISTORY OF SCRABBLE
Criss-Cross Words.
He added a board to Lexiko so words could be
created as crossword style. He then called it criss
cross words.
He made the games himself, hand- lettering the tiles
and gluing them to balsa wood. and sold for $2

Alfred Butts met James Brunot, a game-loving

entrepreneur.
James Brunot contacted Butts about mass-producing
the game
 HISTORY OF SCRABBLE
Brunot's contribution:
iconic color scheme (pastel pink, baby-blue, indigo and
bright red),
devised the 50-point bonus for using all seven tiles to
make a word,
and conceived the name "Scrabble.“

James Brunot, a former social worker looking to start a

business in his home in Newtown. They struck a deal
that gave Alfred Butts a small royalty for each copy of
the game sold.
 HISTORY OF SCRABBLE
Together they refined the rules and design and then
came up with the name SCRABBLE - a word defined as
'to grasp, collect, or hold on to something'; and a word
that truly captured the essence of this remarkable
concept. And so the SCRABBLE Brand Crossword
Game was trademarked in 1948.

In 1971, Brunot and Butts sold the game's rights to a

company called Selchow& Righter.
Coleco Industries Inc. took over after Selchow collapsed
in the 1980s
 HISTORY OF SCRABBLE
Coleco went bankrupt, Hasbro Inc. swooped in.
In 1994, scandal rocked the Scrabblesphere when
Hasbro announced plans to remove nearly 200 words
deemed too offensive for the official Scrabble dictionary.

Hasbro eventually compromised and published two

officially sanctioned dictionaries —
1. recreational and school play
2. official tournaments and clubs
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

THE GAME

Scrabble is a word game where two to four players

score points by placing tiles on the game board forming
a word that's defined in the dictionary. Each of the tiles
has a letter and the points for playing that letter should
the player succeed in forming the word. The game flow
follows crossword puzzle and plays from left to right or
downwards.
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

Scrabble, board-and-tile game in which two to four

players compete in forming words with lettered tiles on a
225-square board; words spelled out by letters on the
tiles interlock like words in a crossword puzzle.
Players draw seven tiles from a pool at the start and
replenish their supply after each turn. Tiles in the pool
and those of other players are kept secret so that a
player can see only those tiles on the board and his own
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

. A player may forfeit his turn and exchange any or all of

his tiles for those in the pool. There are 100 letter tiles,
each imprinted with a point value for different letters,
approximately corresponding to the frequency of
occurrence of the letter in English words. Words are
scored by adding up the point values of their letters,
multiplied by any of 61 premium squares that may be
covered, such as double letter, triple letter, double word,
and triple word.
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

Scoring as the game advances is possible

both horizontally and vertically, with higher
scores registered by forming two or more
interlocking words at the same time. At the end
of the game, when one player has no tiles or
the board is deadlocked, the player who has
scored the greatest number of points is the
winner. Values of unused letters left to players
are totalled and deducted from their scores.
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

In scrabbles earned points by

constructing words with letter tiles and
placing the0 on the grid. Each letter has
different point value

YOU WILL NEED;

2-4 players
3. Scrabble board
Bag of scrabbletiles
4. Pen and paper
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

Process or Procedure on how to play

scrabble:

Step1:
Each player should get one tile or one
letter from the tile bag the person who
gets the letter closes to the letter A goes
first.
Then the player gets 7 tiles each
The first player must begin the game by
placing a word on the star square, either
horizontally or vertically.
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

Process or Procedure on how to play

scrabble:

Step 2:
Tally each words score by adding point
values for each letter in theword.
Point values range from 0 points for block
tile to 10 points for letter Z and Q
Use a paper and a Pen to keep track of
the word scores for each player
Some squares on the board allow you to
multiply the tile’s value by 2 or 3
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

Step 3: Continue playing in a counter

clock wise direction around the board
During each turn a player can decide
to place a word on the board, exchange
tiles or pass.
If a player decides to exchange tiles,
replace them with an equivalent point
value number from the tile bag. If they
choose this option they cannot do
anything else on that turn.
Step 4: After placing a word on the board
draw an equal number of new tiles from
the bag so that each player always has 7
tiles.
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

Step 5:
All letters played must touch atleast one
letter that is already in the board to form
atleast one complete word. When one
player used all of their tiles or no one can
make anymore words the game is over.

TIP: IF A PLAYER USES ALL SEVEN OF

THEIR TILES IN ONE TURN, THEY GET A 50
POINT BONUS.
 HOW TO PLAY SCRABBLE

Step 6:
you can consult a dictionary only if
you’re challenging another player’s word.
If the word is not in the dictionary the
player loses its turn. If the word is
allowed the challenger loses its turn.

Step 7:
calculate each final score by adding up
the points from all of their word scores
then subtract some of their unplayed
letters.
GAMES OF
THE
GENERALS
Challenge your opponent as well yourself
develop
• Enhance your Planning
• Decision-making
• Improve your Memory
• Enhance the Mental Ability including
Cognitive
• Spatial
• Psychological Nuances
• Emotional aspects in the playing the
game.
• also called GG as it is most fondly called,
or simply The Generals, is an
educational war games invented in the
Philippines.

• Its Filipino name is "Salpakan”

• It can be played within twenty to thirty

minutes. It is designed for two players and
requires the use of logic, each controlling
an army, and a neutral arbiter (sometimes
called a referee or an adjutant) to decide
the results of "challenges" between
opposing playing pieces.
 HISTORY OF
This game was invented by Sofronio H.
Ronnie Pasola.
GG
Pasola, Jr. with the inspiration of his son

The Pasolas first tried the Game of the

Generals on a chessboard. Even then, the
pieces had no particular arrangement. There
were no spies in the experimental game;
but after Ronnie Pasola remembered the
James Bond movies and Mata Hari, he
added the Spies. Making the pieces hidden
was the idea of the Pasolas after
remembering
The Game card
of games.
the Generals' public
introduction was on February 28, 1973.
After the game was made, it angered many
Filipino chess players thinking that P asola
was trying to denigrate or supplant chess.t
 OBJECTIVE
• to eliminate/capture the flag of
opponent,
• or to maneuver own flag to the
other end of the board where it
lands to a space with no enemy
piece/s beside it
 GAME BOARD

9 x 8 squares
Shaded squares are the allotted for the pieces in their initial
positions
 21 Pieces
Five-star General 1 Eliminates any lower ranking
officer, the private, and the flag.
Four-star General 1 Eliminates any lower ranking
officer, the private, and the flag.
Three-star General 1 Eliminates any lower
ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
Two-star General 1 Eliminates any lower ranking
officer, the private, and the flag.
One-star General 1 Eliminates any lower ranking
officer, the private, and the flag.
 21 Pieces
Colonel 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer,
the private, and the flag.
Lt. Colonel 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer,
the private, and the flag.
Major 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the
private, and the flag.
Captain 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer,
the private, and the flag.
1st Lieutenant 1 Eliminates any lower ranking
officer, the private, and the flag.
2nd Lieutenant 1 Eliminates the sergeant, the private,
and the flag.
Sergeant 1 Eliminates the private, and the flag.
Private 6 Eliminates the spy, and the flag.
Spy 2 Eliminates all officers from the rank of Sergeant
up to 5-Star General & the flag Except privates.
Flag 1 Eliminates the opposing flag as long as it takes
the aggressive action against the enemy flag.
MOVEMENT:
1.Any player makes the first move.
Players move alternately.
2.A player is allowed to move only one
piece at a time.
3.A move consists of pushing a piece
to an adjacent square, either
forward, backward or sideward. A
diagonal move or a move of more
than one square is illegal.
(See Figure B)
MOVEMENT:
Rules
• Pieces are not required to be placed in a
definite pattern
⚬Players place their pieces according to their
strategy
⚬But, players are only allowed to place their pieces
on the first 3 rows of their side of the board
⚬Pieces should face their owners so it can’t be
seen by the opponent
• Players decide who goes first then they
take turns alternately
ARBITER
Arbiter
• Neutral third person
• Act as judge in the challenges
⚬looking at the pieces
⚬applying piece ranks
⚬eliminating the weaker piece
and takes it out of the board
 Combatant roles of pieces
Killers - The two Spies and the two most powerful
Generals - 5 Star and Four-Star Generals) have the
critical job of eliminating the enemy Sweepers and all
other pieces, either by aggressive challenging or
ambush, to gain a power-level, numerical, or positional
advantage against the opponent.
Sweepers - The next most-powerful officers (Three-Star
General down to the Lieutenant Colonel) will take over
the Killer function if the Five-Star and Four-Star
Generals are eliminated. Their main job is to remove all
lower-ranking enemy officers as well as acquire and
retain a numerical or positional advantage of friendly
pieces over the enemy.
Probers -These are sacrificial junior officers from the
Major down to the Sergeant. Their job is to
challenge untested enemy pieces and determine
their power so they can either be avoided,
ambushed, or targeted for elimination by the Killers
or Privates.
Combatant roles of pieces
• Privates - Their main job is to eliminate the
Spies (in the opening and middle game) and
the Flag (in the end game). They usually
accompany the highest-ranking officers in order
to eliminate the Spy that targets the officers.
While they can be considered sacrificial, once
there are only one or two Privates left, it
becomes very difficult to eliminate the Spies.
• Flag - This is the only piece that can win victory
and must be hidden and protected at all costs,
except when it has an unobstructed way to the
far edge of the board, then it can go for broke.
Often, a Private or low-ranking officer is made
to act like a scared Flag to deceive the
opponent. Sometimes a Flag can try move as if
it was a mid-level or low-ranking officer, or a
Private, to avoid being challenged by another
Common strategies & tactics
• Blitzkrieg - Amass powerful pieces on one
side of the board (left or right), then try to
steamroller and blow a hole through the
enemy lines by eliminating all the defenders.
Goal is to successfully bring the flag to the
other side of the board

• Distributed Defense - Spread out the

powerful pieces with supporting units to
• probe and ambush the enemy Killer
Clustered Task Forces - Group a high-pieces.
ranking general, a Spy, two Privates, and
two to three officers into a “combined
arms" task force whose job is to eliminate
enemy pieces in one area and to reduce
his numbers.
Common strategies & tactics
• Rampaging Bulls - Send unsupported
generals into the enemy lines to eliminate
as many opposing pieces and try to put
them in the enemy rear areas to create
havoc and disrupt the enemy's plans and
•composure.
Divide and Conquer - Troops are generally
divided into three groups. One group
consists of high-ranking units while the
other two flank the enemy troops.
• Vaccination Technique - This is a variation
of the Blitzkrieg strategy. The Vaccination
Technique strategy consists of a mini-
Blitzkrieg using a three star general, Lt.
colonel, Spy, two star general, and a
sergeant or any "give-away" unit. These five
Common strategies & tactics
• Box Strategy - used by amateurs. It consists
of powerful units in the front line forming a
shield and weaker units at the side and rear
line. Advancing the whole front line as a
"lawnmower" to eliminate most of the enemy.
• Mothership - Troops are formed like a shape of
an alien mothership or a UFO and spies and
generals in the middle lane. Two spies are
placed like the missiles on the mothership.
Generals are in the middle lane for defense.
Flag is placed in the center for maximum
defense.

• Note: All strategies have their pro's and con's,

but you can always win by deceiving the
enemy. Learn the Art of Deception, and you can
win almost every game with any strategy.
CHESS
 History and origin of chess
The history of chess can be traced back to the 6th
century in India. It spread to Persia, the Arab world,
and eventually Europe. The modern game of chess
evolved in Europe by around 1500 CE.
Origins
• The earliest known predecessor to chess was
chaturanga, a game played in India.
• The game was modified in Persia, where it
became known as Shatranj.
• The Muslim world adopted chess after the Arab
conquest of Persia.
• Chess spread to Europe through Spain and Italy.
 History and origin of chess
Spread to Europe
• The game spread throughout Asia and Europe over
the coming centuries.
• Around 1200 CE, the game underwent dramatic changes
to become what it is today.
• In Italy and Spain, pawns could move two squares on their first m
bishops dominated diagonals
, and queens could move anywhere.
Modern chess
• The first international chess tournament was held in London in 18
• William Steinitz, born in Prague in 1836, is considered the father
of modern chess.
• He transformed chess from a romantic game focused on rapid att
into a scientific game of positional strategy.
You can also watch this video to learn more about the history of ch
 Equipments in Chess

The equipment for playing chess

includes a chessboard, chess pieces, and
a chess clock. Players may also use a
score sheet to record their moves.
 Chessboard
• A board with 64 squares in an
eight-
by-eight grid
• The board is checkered with light
and dark squares
• The rows are called ranks, and
the
columns are called files
Chess mat
Chess pieces

• Two sets of 16 pieces, each with a king, queen, two

rooks,
two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns.

• The light side is called White, and the dark side is

called Black
The king moves exactly one
square horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally. A
special move with the king
known as castling is allowed
only once per player, per
game
King
 The queen moves any
number
of vacant squares
horizontally, vertically,
or diagonally.

Queen
A bishop moves any number
of vacant squares diagonally.
(Thus a bishop can move to
only
light or dark squares, not
both.)

Bishop
 A knight moves to one of the nearest
squares not on the same rank,
file, or diagonal.
(This can be thought of as moving two
squares horizontally then one square
vertically, or moving one square horizontally
then two squares vertically—i.e. in an "L"
pattern.)
The knight is not blocked by other pieces;
it jumps to the new location.

Knight
A rook moves any number of vacant
squares horizontally or vertically. It
also
is moved when castling.

Rook
 A pawn moves straight forward one square,
if that square is vacant. If it has not
yet moved, a pawn also has the
option of moving two squares straight forward,
provided both squares are vacant.
Pawns cannot move backwards.
A pawn, unlike other pieces, captures differently
from how it moves. A pawn can capture an
enemy piece on either of the two squares
diagonally in front of the pawn. It cannot move
to those squares when vacant except when
capturing en passant.

Pawn
 Chess clock

• Chess clocks can also add extra time for each player
after they make a move.

• Chess clocks were first used extensively in tournament

chess.

• A tool to keep track of the time each player has

remaining.
Rules and Regulation In Playing
Chess
• The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern
the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player
abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen
pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece
moves in a distinct way. The object of the game is to
checkmate the opponent's king; checkmate occurs when a
king is threatened with capture and has no escape. A game
can end in various ways besides checkmate: a player can
resign, and there are several ways a game can end in a
draw.
 CHESS
GAMEPLAY
CASTLING - Castling consists of moving the king
two squares towards a rook, then placing the rook
on the
other side of the king, adjacent to it. Castling is
only permissible if all of the following conditions
holdin castling must not
• The king and rook involved
have
previously moved;
• There must be no pieces between the king and the
rook;
• The king may not currently be under attack, nor
may
the king pass through or end up in a square that is
under
attack by an enemy piece (though the rook is
 En Passant - When a pawn advances two
squares
on its initial move and ends the turn adjacent
to an enemy pawn on the same rank, it may be
captured en passant by the enemy pawn as
if it had moved only one square. This capture
is legal only on the move immediately
following
the pawn's advance. The diagrams
demonstrate
an instance of this: if the white pawn moves
from
a2 to a4, the black pawn on b4 can capture it
en passant, moving from b4 to a3, and the
 PROMOTION - If a player advances a pawn to
its eighth rank, the pawn is then promoted
(converted) to a queen, rook, bishop,
or knight of the same color at the choice
of the player (a queen is usually chosen).
The choice is not limited to previously
captured pieces. Hence it is theoretically
possible for a player to have up to nine
queens or up to ten rooks, bishops, or knights
if all of the player's pawns are promoted.
 CHECK - A king is in check when it is under
attack by at least one enemy piece. A piece
unable
to move because it would place its own king in
check (it is pinned against its own king) may
still deliver check to the opposing player
It is illegal to make a move that places or
leaves one's king in check.
The possible ways to get out of check are:
• Move the king to a square where it is not in
check.
• Capture the checking piece. Interpose a
piece between the king and the opponent's
threatening piece (block the check).
 End of the game
CHECKMATE - If a player's king is placed in
check and there is no legal move that player
can make to escape check, then the king is
said to be checkmated, the game ends, and
that player loses.

RESIGNING - Either player may resign at any

time, conceding the game to the opponent.
To indicate resignation, the player may say "I
resign". Tipping over the king also indicates
resignation, but it should be distinguished
from accidentally knocking the king over.
 DRAW - The game ends in a draw if any of
these conditions occur:

• The player to move is not in check and has

no legal move. This situation is called a
stalemate. An example of such a position is
shown in the adjacent diagram.
• The game reaches a dead position.
• Both players agree to a draw after one of
the players makes such an offer.
 CHESS NOTATION
Chess notation has an important role in the
world of chess because it preserves the game’s
history. It allows people to record games for
posterity and gives them the chance to review
the history of the game’s development to date.

Notation also allows people to overcome

language barriers and communicate with one
another in a universally understood manner.