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CHAPTER 1 (Autosaved)

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) encompasses the development and use of technology for processing information and facilitating communication, including tools like computers and the Internet. While ICT offers benefits such as faster communication and effective information sharing, it also poses social and health challenges, including reduced face-to-face interactions and potential health issues from prolonged computer use. Key characteristics of computers include speed, accuracy, and storage capacity, with essential functions involving data input, storage, processing, and output.

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7 views31 pages

CHAPTER 1 (Autosaved)

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) encompasses the development and use of technology for processing information and facilitating communication, including tools like computers and the Internet. While ICT offers benefits such as faster communication and effective information sharing, it also poses social and health challenges, including reduced face-to-face interactions and potential health issues from prolonged computer use. Key characteristics of computers include speed, accuracy, and storage capacity, with essential functions involving data input, storage, processing, and output.

Uploaded by

mumbicaroline53
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INFORMATION

COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
Definition of ICT
1. Information and Communications Technology(ICT), it is the study
or business of developing and using technology to process
information and aid communications.
2. ICTs stand for information and communication technologies and
are defined, for the purposes of this primer, as a ―diverse set of
technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to
create, disseminate, store, and manage information.‖ [4] These
technologies include computers, the Internet, broadcasting
technologies (radio and television), and telephony.
USES OF ICT
1. ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval,
manipulation, transmission or receipt of digital
data.

2. The data is transferred or communicated to


people over long distances electronic means.
ICT equipment / facilities found in organizations
1. Computers - A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of
digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or
sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.
2. Photocopiers - an instrument using light-sensitive photographic materials to
reproduce written, printed, or graphic work
3. Telephone – an apparatus, system, or process for transmission of sound or
speech to a distant point, especially by an electric device.
4. Fax machines - a method or device (fax′ machine`) for transmitting documents,
drawings, photographs, or the like by telephone or radio for exact reproduction
elsewhere. Your fax machine can be plugged directly into a wall phone jack or
into the telephone connection at the back of your Home Phone modem, or
MTA (Multimedia Terminal Adapter). - See more at:
http://support.brighthouse.com/Article/Connect-FaxMachine-Home-Phone-
Service-2266/#sthash.SwuhIiub.dpuf
5. Printer is a peripheral which produces a representation of an electronic
document on physical media such as paper or transparency film
6. others
The impact of ICT on society
1. Faster communication speed
2. Lower communication cost
3. Reliable mode of communication
4. Effective sharing of information
5. Paperless Environment
6. Borderless communication
Social Problems
There are some negative effects of ICT. It has created
social problems in the society. Nowadays, people tend to
choose online communication rather than having real
time conversations. People tend to become more
individualistic and introvert. Another negative effect of
ICT is : • fraud • identity theft • Pornography • Hacking
This will result a moral decedent and generate threads to
the society.

Health Problems
A computer may harm users if they use it for long hours frequently. Computer
users are also exposed to bad posture, eyestrain, physical and mental stress. In
order to solve the health problems, an ergonomic Page 7 of 91 environment can
be introduced. For example, an ergonomic chair can reduces back strain and a
screen filter is used to minimize eye strain
COMPUTERS
Definition of Computer
A computer is an electronic device that processes a user’s input, usually referred to
as data to a
desired output also known as information. This is made possible by a set of
instructions called
computer programs stored in a computer.

Data can be defined as raw facts that do not have much meaning to the user and
include
numbers, letters and symbols. Information is processed data that meaningful to the
user.

A computer is said to be electronic because it utilizes electronic signals to process


information.
Together with other telecommunication devices computers have also become one of
the fastest,
reliable means of communication.
The integration of computers and telecommunication facilities for the purpose of
communication
is what is referred to as Information and communication technology (ICT).Computers
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
The characteristics of computers that have made them so powerful and
universally useful are;
1.speed
2.accuracy
3.diligence - Unlike human beings, computers are highly
consistent.
4.versatility - Computers are versatile machines and are
capable of performing any task as long as it can be
broken down into a series of logical steps
5.storage capacity-Today’s computers can store large
volumes of data.
A computer performs five major operations or functions irrespective of its
size and make. These functionalities of a computer include:

 it accepts data or instructions as input


 it stores data and instruction
 it processes data as per the instructions
 it controls all operations inside a computer and
 it gives results in the form of output
Functional Units:
(a.) Input Unit: This unit is used for entering data and programs into
the computer system
by the user for processing.
(b.) Storage Unit: The storage unit is used for storing data and
instructions before and after
processing.
(c.) Output Unit: The output unit is used for storing the result as
output produced by the
computer after processing.
(d.) Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic
and logical operations is called
processing. The Central Processing Unit(CPU) takes data and
instructions from the storage unit
and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given
and the type of data provided.
It is then sent back to the storage unit. CPU is the brain of the
computer. It is responsible for all
functions and processes.
What are some of the tips to avoid viruses to less the impact;

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