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The document discusses hyperbolic and non-Euclidean geometry, highlighting the characteristics of hyperbolic triangles, including the theorem that similar triangles are congruent. It explains the consistency of hyperbolic geometry, supported by the work of Beltrami and Klein, and introduces the Beltrami-Klein model as a visual representation of hyperbolic concepts within a Euclidean framework. The document emphasizes the importance of accurate curriculum interpretation for effective educational delivery.

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Ronel Cornelio
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4 views15 pages

Minappt

The document discusses hyperbolic and non-Euclidean geometry, highlighting the characteristics of hyperbolic triangles, including the theorem that similar triangles are congruent. It explains the consistency of hyperbolic geometry, supported by the work of Beltrami and Klein, and introduces the Beltrami-Klein model as a visual representation of hyperbolic concepts within a Euclidean framework. The document emphasizes the importance of accurate curriculum interpretation for effective educational delivery.

Uploaded by

Ronel Cornelio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hyperbolic and

non-euclidean
geometry
6. HYPERBOLIC AND
NONEUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

6.7 Similar triangles


6.8 Consistency of hyperbolic geometry
6.9 The Beltrami-Klein model
What is Non-Euclidean
Geometry?
 Geometry that differs from the Euclidean system.
Developed by exploring alternatives to Euclid’s
parallel postulate.

 Hyperbolic Geometry
 Elliptic Geometry
Similar Triangles in Hyperbolic
Geometry

 THEOREM 6.2. In hyperbolic geometry if


two triangles are similar, they are
congruent. (In other words, AAA is a
valid criterion for congruence of
triangles.)
 There is no scaling in hyperbolic space;
similarity implies congruence
Why Are Triangles Congruent in
Hyperbolic Geometry?
Angle Sum Property:
 Inhyperbolic geometry, all triangles have
an angle sum of less than 180°.
Example:
Two hyperbolic triangles, both with angles
60°, 50°, and 40°, are identical in shape and
size. Unlike in Euclidean geometry, they
cannot vary in size while keeping the same
angles.
Consistency of Hyperbolic
Geometry
Hyperbolic geometry contradicts the Euclidean
parallel postulate by allowing multiple parallels
through a point.
Consistency of Hyperbolic
Geometry
Proof of Consistency
 Eugenio Beltrami (1868): Used differential
geometry to show hyperbolic geometry is
consistent if Euclidean geometry is consistent.

 FelixKlein: Built on Beltrami's work using


projective geometry, further validating
hyperbolic geometry's logical soundness.
The Beltrami-Klein Model

A visual and structural way to represent hyperbolic


geometry within a Euclidean context.
 Thismodel makes it easier to study and understand
hyperbolic concepts by representing hyperbolic lines and
points within a boundary circle in Euclidean space.
The Beltrami-Klein Model

 Points in hyperbolic space are represented as points


inside a fixed circle (known as the absolute or boundary
circle) in the Euclidean plane.
 Hyperbolic lines are represented by chords of the circle,
which are open line segments within the circle.
Importantly, these chords exclude their endpoints, which
lie on the circle's boundary.
The Beltrami-Klein Model

 1. Hyperbolic Lines: In the Beltrami-Klein model, a


hyperbolic line is represented by a chord within the
circle. If you have two points, A and B, within the
boundary circle, the line connecting A and B is the
segment of the chord that joins these points but does not
include the endpoints where it intersects the boundary
circle.
 Hyperbolic lines are represented by chords of the circle,
which are open line segments within the circle.
Importantly, these chords exclude their endpoints, which
lie on the circle's boundary.
The Beltrami-Klein Model

 1. Hyperbolic Lines: In the Beltrami-Klein model, a


hyperbolic line is represented by a chord within the
circle. If you have two points, A and B, within the
boundary circle, the line connecting A and B is the
segment of the chord that joins these points but does not
include the endpoints where it intersects the boundary
circle.
 2. Hyperbolic lines are represented by chords of the
circle, which are open line segments within the circle.
Importantly, these chords exclude their endpoints, which
lie on the circle's boundary.
The Beltrami-Klein Model

 1. Hyperbolic Lines: In the Beltrami-Klein model, a


hyperbolic line is represented by a chord within the
circle. If you have two points, A and B, within the
boundary circle, the line connecting A and B is the
segment of the chord that joins these points but does not
include the endpoints where it intersects the boundary
circle.
 Hyperbolic lines are represented by chords of the circle,
which are open line segments within the circle.
Importantly, these chords exclude their endpoints, which
lie on the circle's boundary.
The Beltrami-Klein Model
 3. Triangles and Angle Sum: Consider a hyperbolic
triangle within the Beltrami-Klein model, formed by
connecting three points inside the boundary circle using
hyperbolic lines (chords). The angle sum of this triangle
will always be less than 180 degrees, which aligns with
the fundamental properties of hyperbolic geometry.
 2. The Beltrami-Klein model serves as a powerful tool to
illustrate hyperbolic properties and supports the notion
that hyperbolic geometry is a consistent and valid
alternative to Euclidean geometry. Although the model
distorts angles, it provides an intuitive visualization of
hyperbolic lines and the concept of multiple parallels.
What is importance of curriculum
interpretation?

It is crucial for educators to accurately


interpret the curriculum to ensure it is
delivered effectively, meets educational
standards, and addresses the diverse
needs of students.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING

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