LESSON 1

UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHIES
OF THE STUDY
OF GLOBALIZATION
Learning Objectives:
• At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
• Differentiate the competing conceptions of
globalizations;
• Identify the underlying philosophies of the
varying definitions of globalizations; and
• Agree on a working definition for the course.
HAVE YOU
TRIED
LISTENED TO
SONGS IN
APPLE MUSIC,
SPOTIFY OR
YOUTUBE
MUSIC?
DID YOU CRAVE FOR THIS?
DO YOU HAVE
AN ACCOUNT
ON THESE?
OR HAVE THINGS FROM
FOREIGN BRANDS?
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

THE MODERN / PRESENT WORLD

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Cuturela (2012) cited a published

work, Towards New Education,
which used the term
“globalization” in 1930.
Globalization means to designate
an overview of the human
experience in education.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Nosemtsev (2008) distinguished
globalization as one of the most known
social studies, but is still a hollow
terminology. However, after the Cold
War the term was already used to
define an interdependent world when it
comes to its economical and
informational
DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Globalization is the
development of an increasingly
integrated Global economy
marked by free trade, free flow
of capital, and the Tapping of
cheaper foreign labor markets. -
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Globalization as the
“understanding of the
world and the increased
perception of the world as
a whole.” – Robertson
(1992)
• Globalization is the process of
intensifying social relationships
among countries around the
world connecting separate
localities in a manner in which
local events are formed as a
result of happenings that have
occurred from afar. – Giddens
(1991)
• Globalization offers
extensive
opportunities for truly
worldwide
development, but it is
not progressing
evenly. – International
• Globalization is the interplay of
extraordinary technological
innovation mixed with influence
of the world that gives today’s
changing its complexity.
Truly, the countries with the most
advanced economies are the
countries with the most modern
technology based on science and
knowledge.
• The term “Globalization”
should be confined to a set of
complex, sometimes
contradictory, social
processes that are changing
to our current social condition
based on the modern system
of independent nation states.
(Steger, 2005)
 FIVE CORE CLAIMS OF
MARKET GLOBALISM
1. Globalization is about the
liberalization and global
integration.
-This perspective explains the
relevant functions of free market,
its rationality and efficiency.
2. Globalization is inevitable and
irreversible.
- Spread of irreversible market
forces driven by technological
innovations that make the global
integration of national
economies inevitable.
3. Nobody is in charge of globalization
This only means that no individual, no
government or no institution has the
control over globalization. Similarly,
Thomas Friedman (1999:112-3) emphasized
that the most basic truth about
globalization is this: ‘No one is in
charge...But the global marketplace today
is an Electronic Herd of often anonymous
stock, bond, and currency traders and
multinational investors, connected by
4. Globalization benefits
everyone

• Globalization provides
great opportunities for
the future, not only for
our countries, but for all
others, too. Its many
positive aspects include
an unprecedented
expansion of
investment and trade.
4. Globalization benefits
everyone

the opening up to
international trade of the
world’s most populous
regions and opportunities for
more developing countries to
improve their standards of
living; the increasingly rapid
dissemination of information,
technological innovation, and
the proliferation of skilled
jobs.
5. Globalization furthers the spread of
democracy in the world.
- globalization and capital development do not
automatically produce democracies, ‘the level
of economic development resulting from
globalization is conducive to the creation of
complex civil societies with a powerful middle
class. It is this class and societal structure that
facilitates democracy’
LESSON 2:
GLOBAL
ECONOMY
 TRADE TAKES CENTER STAGE
President Trump made it clear during the
campaign that he intended to either renegotiate
or withdraw from the most of the United States’
international trade agreements. In 2018, he
finally focus his energy on these campaign
Early in 2017, he announced the US withdrawal
from the Trans- Pacific Partnership. We’re already
beginning to see the negative impact on that
decision. Our economic and political influence in
Asia may decline in 2018 and the years ahead.
He has also set his sights on the North American
Free Trade Agreement and began renegotiating
its terms. Talks are likely to accelerate in 2018 ,
with the pact’s unravelling real possibility
An in interviews, he has declared the World Trade
Organization “a disaster”. International trade
deals are often misunderstood part of the US
economic policy.
Since the end of World War II, the US has taken
the lead in setting up a multilateral, rules-based
system of the international trade. Central to this
system was the General Agreement of Tariffs and
Trade. In 1994, this agreement was transformed
into WTO.
Under this system, world trade has expanded dramatically
over the last 70 years. In n1947, trade accounted
approximately 6 percent of US gross domestic product,
whereas now accounts for approximately 15%. Today, US
exports support over 11 million jobs, while imports of many
staples from overseas increase the purchasing power of
domestic households.
A retreat from a multilateral rule-based system of trade
brings with it many problems. Domestically, it increases
probability of “Trade Wars” with our major trading partners.
Relatively minor disputes could easily escalate into trade
sanctions and counter-sanctions like in the after math of the
Depression-era Smoot-Hawley Tariff which raised tariffs on
hundred of imports.
Internationally, it could make it more difficult for developing
countries to engage in trade relations with their much larger
and wealthier counterparts. While the Trump administration
has drawn attention to the US’s large trade deficit, most
economists agree that trade agreements have little or no
effect on that.
Certainly, some aspects of the institution such as NAFTA and
WTO can be questioned. However, a general retreat from the
post war system of trade could be a dangerous path for both
the US and the broader world economy.
• GLOBAL CHANGES are attributed to
how the global economy is
organized and governed.
- Garry Gerreffi
LESSON 2:
GLOBAL
ECONOMY
 WHAT IS GLOBAL ECONOMY?
•Also referred to as “world economy”
•Refers to the international exchange of
goods and services.
•It may also mean as the free movement of
goods, capital, services, technology, and
information.
GLOBAL ECONOMY OR ECONOMIC
GLOBALIZATION
• It is concerned with
globalization of
production, finance,
markets, technology,
organization regimes,
institutions, corporations
and labor.
 GLOBAL ECONOMY OR ECONOMIC
GLOBALIZATION
• It is expanding since
the emergence of
transnational trade
and increased
exponentially due to
the increase rate of
communication and
technology.
GLOBAL ECONOMY OR ECONOMIC
GLOBALIZATION
•The creation of world
trade organizations
made countries cut
down trade barriers and
open up their current
accounts and capital
accounts.
How do we analyze
the Global Economy
MACRO
LEVEL
MESO
LEVEL
MICRO
LEVEL
 MACRO LEVEL
• This includes the national organizations
and regimes that establish rules and
norms for the global community

Ex. World Trade Organization, World Bank,

International Monetary Fund.
 MACRO LEVEL
Ex. World Trade Organization, World Bank,
International Monetary Fund,
International Labour Organization ,
European Union, North American Free
Trade Agreement.
 MESO LEVEL
It is believed as the building blocks for the
global economy are the countries and firms.

- Global Economy is seen as the arena in

which countries compete in different
product markets.
 MICRO LEVEL
- There is a growing literature on the
resistance to globalization by consumer
groups, activists and transnational social
movements.
 MICRO LEVEL
The development of world trading system over a
period of several centuries helped to create the
tripartite structure of core, semi peripheral, and
peripheral economic areas. The foundation for a
process of Industrialization and new international
division of labor on a global scale is attributed to the
dynamics of the capitalist world-system.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Direction:
I. In a one whole yellow pad. Write at least 5 advantages and 5 disadvantages
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
of Globalization. 1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

2. At the back, Write 5 observations in terms of behavior or preferences in the

market in each level of Global Economy
a. Macro
b. Messo
c. Micro
NEXT MEETING PRESENTATION
• TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
• Group 1 – Social Media and Entertainment Industry
• Group 2 – Trading Industry
• Group 3 – System of Government
• Group 4 – Educational system

• HIGHLIGHTS IN EACH Group

• Comparison of the 3 Levels (Macro, Messo and Micro)
• Examples or supporting data in each level and claim
See you
next
meeting!