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Group 3 Assignment OCD and Eating Disorder

The document provides an overview of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Eating and Feeding Disorders in children and adolescents, detailing their definitions, causes, characteristics, and management strategies. It emphasizes the importance of psychotherapy, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and pharmacotherapy in treating these disorders. The document also highlights the impact of genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental factors on the development of these conditions.

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dillasemera2014
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21 views34 pages

Group 3 Assignment OCD and Eating Disorder

The document provides an overview of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Eating and Feeding Disorders in children and adolescents, detailing their definitions, causes, characteristics, and management strategies. It emphasizes the importance of psychotherapy, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and pharmacotherapy in treating these disorders. The document also highlights the impact of genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental factors on the development of these conditions.

Uploaded by

dillasemera2014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dilla University College of Health science and Medicine

Department of Psychiatry
Child and adolescent course: group 3 assignment
Name Id No

1. Natinael Geremew 3836/21

2.sena Akalu 6722/21

3.saron mulugeta 5798/21

4.Nuru mahmud 1931/21

5.Nasir Mohammed 1288/21

Instructor:Biazin.Y
 Outline
 Introduction
 Definition
 Etiology /causes
 Characteristics
 DSM-5 criteria
 Management
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder (OCD) in
Children &
Adolescents
 Introduction
 OCD is characterized by

 the presence of obsessions (recurrent, unwanted, intrusive

thoughts, urges, or images) and/or compulsions (repetitive


behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to
perform in response to an obsession or according to rules
that must be rigidly applied)
Cont..

 OCD in children and adolescents is similar to that


in adults but often presents differently. Younger
children may not recognize the irrationality of their
obsessions or compulsions.
 Onset often occurs in childhood or adolescence,
and can persist into adulthood if left untreated.
 DEFINITION

 OCD is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by

 recurrent, unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) that cause


marked anxiety or distress, and

 repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that an individual


feels driven to perform to reduce that anxiety.
Cont…

These obsessions and/or compulsions are time-


consuming (taking more than 1 hour per day) or
cause clinically significant distress or impairment in
functioning.
 Etiology/Causes
 Genetic Factors

• Strong genetic component; children of parents with OCD have a higher


risk of developing the disorder.

• Polygenic model is hypothesized, where multiple genes contribute to


the disorder.

 Neurobiological Factors

• Imbalances in neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, dopamine)


Cont…

 abnormalities in brain structures (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia,


anterior cingulate cortex) are thought to be involved.

Environmental Factors

PANDAS/PANS: Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders


Associated with Streptococcal infections (PANDAS)

 Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) are


associated with sudden onset of OCD symptoms following an infection.
 Trauma: Some evidence suggests early traumatic experiences can
contribute, but this is not fully understood.

 Learned behaviors: In some cases learned behaviors, or


reinforcement patterns may play a role.
 Characteristics
 Obsessions
 Intrusive and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause
marked anxiety or distress.

 Common themes: contamination, harm, symmetry/order, forbidden


thoughts, perfectionism.
Cont….

Compulsions:
 Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, checking, ordering) or
mental acts (e.g., counting, praying) that are performed in response to
obsessions.

 Compulsions aim to reduce anxiety or prevent a dreaded outcome.

 They are usually excessive and are not realistically connected to the
fear.
 Cognitive Aspects:
 Children with OCD often have inflated responsibility, perfectionism,
intolerance of uncertainty, overestimation of threat, and magical
thinking.

 Functional Impairment
 OCD can affect school performance, social interactions, and family life.

 Children may be late for school or be unable to do certain activities due


to compulsions.
DSM-5 Criteria
Managemen
t
 Psychotherapy:
 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with Exposure and Response
Prevention (ERP): The gold standard. Involves confronting obsessional
triggers without engaging in compulsions.

 Family Therapy: Especially important in younger children, involves


families to ensure support and appropriate response to the disorder.
Cont…

Pharmacotherapy
 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):
First-line medication treatment (e.g., sertraline,
fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine).
 Other Medications:

 If SSRIs are not effective, other medications may be considered (e.g.,

clomipramine, an SNRI).

 Combined Treatment:

 the combination of CBT and medication is the most effective approach.


Cont…

Other Therapies:

 Support groups and other group-based therapy.

 Intensive outpatient programs.

 In some severe cases, inpatient programs.


Eating and
Feeding Disorders
in Children
 Introduction

 Eating and Feeding disorders in children are characterized by a persistent


disturbance of eating or feeding behaviours that lead to altered
consumption or absorption of food, which significantly impacts physical
health, nutritional intake, and psychosocial functioning.

 These disorders are often associated with significant weight issues


(underweight, overweight, or fluctuations in weight), growth problems,
and medical and psychological complications.
 Definition
 These are a range of disorders characterized by disturbances in eating
patterns, which result in altered consumption or absorption of food,
impacting health, nutritional intake, and functioning.

 These disorders can present with a variety of symptoms ranging from


food refusal to binge eating.

 These disorders may be related to body weight, body image, and can

be related to or affect an individual's social or occupational functioning.


 Etiology/Causes
 Biological Factors:

 Genetic predisposition with certain genes contributing to the risk.

 Neurobiological factors impacting reward systems, appetite regulation


and satiety.

 Differences in brain structures involved in the homeostatic control of


appetite and satiation.
Cont…

Psychological Factors:
Anxiety and perfectionism

Low self-esteem and body image concerns.

Difficulty regulating emotions, and may use food as a way to cope


with emotions
 Social and Environmental Factors:
 Family influences and modeling behavior in feeding
practices.

 Cultural and social pressures to attain a certain body image.

 Exposure to media content, and peer pressure.

 Childhood trauma, or other stressful life events.


 Characteristics or
Features
 Pica: Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances.

 Rumination Disorder: Repeated regurgitation, rechewing, and re-


swallowing of food.

 Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Lack of interest in


eating, avoidance of certain foods, or disturbed feeding patterns that
results in nutritional deficiencies, significant weight loss, growth
faltering, and dependence on nutritional supplements.
 Anorexia Nervosa: Restriction of food intake leading to low body
weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and disturbed body image.

 Bulimia Nervosa: Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by


compensatory behaviours (e.g., purging, excessive exercise).

 Binge Eating Disorder: Recurrent episodes of binge eating without


compensatory behaviours

 Feeding Problems: Problems with oral motor skills, swallowing, or


oral aversion.
DSM-5 criteria
 Management
 Psychotherapy:

 Family-Based Therapy (FBT): Especially effective for adolescents with


anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, involves parents as active
participants in the treatment.

 Individual Therapy (e.g., CBT): Addressing core issues of body image,


emotions, and eating behaviors.
Cont…

Medications:
 medications may be used to treat co-morbid conditions.

Medical Management:
 Address the medical consequences of eating disorders (e.g.,
electrolyte imbalances, cardiac problems)
 Reference
• Kaplan & Sadock's, 11th edition

• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/
eating-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20353603

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