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Interlocked Circuits 2

Interlocked circuits in electrical equipment are designed to prevent hazards by ensuring optimal performance, avoiding damage from malfunctions, and controlling X-radiation. These circuits consist of various safety interlocks, including mechanical, radiation, and electrical safety measures, which inhibit operation under unsafe conditions. Key components include delay circuits, tube filament interlocks, and overload protection systems to enhance safety during X-ray operations.

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10 views11 pages

Interlocked Circuits 2

Interlocked circuits in electrical equipment are designed to prevent hazards by ensuring optimal performance, avoiding damage from malfunctions, and controlling X-radiation. These circuits consist of various safety interlocks, including mechanical, radiation, and electrical safety measures, which inhibit operation under unsafe conditions. Key components include delay circuits, tube filament interlocks, and overload protection systems to enhance safety during X-ray operations.

Uploaded by

gs2152964
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERLOCKED CIRCUITS

Cont..

• When operating electrical equipment certain hazards


might be encountered,either of mechanical nature,
(tilting table) or of an electrical nature (i.e short circuit)
or of course due to radiation.
FUNCTION OF INTERLOCKED CIRCUITS
1.Permitting components to reach optimum performance
before they are used.
2. Avoiding damage should a component malfunction
3. Preventing overheating of part or all of the X-ray tube
e.g Overload protection of the tube.
4. Controlling X-radiation e.g Screening timer terminating
fluoroscopy
5.Preventing injury to person or damage to equipment
Cont..
• Interlock facilities ensures that each time there is
unsafe situation ,operation of the unit or parts of it is
inhibited up until conditions are favourable
• A typical interlocked circuit can be thought of as a
number of switches in series with the primary contactor
circuit.
• Under normal conditions all of these switches are
closed.
• If ,however an unsafe situation develops , it only
requires one of these switches to open to render the
rest of the circuit in operative
• Detectors of unsafe situations are installed at various
points on an X-ray units in the form of microswitches.
•
Cont…
There micro-switches includes: delay tube,capacitors
and the main activating device at the end of the
sequences the electromagnetic relay.
• List below are some typical examples of simple
interlocks which prevents operations of various parts of
the X-ray units,electrical or mechanical due to unsafe
conditions exiting.
1. Mechanical safety interlocks
• Fluoroscopy table tilt
• Tomographic attachment
• Motorized moving table top
• Mobile X-ray units with switch ‘bumper’
Cont…
2. Radiation safety interlock
• When wrong tube is selected
• When tube is wrongly positioned
• When tray is unlocked
• When image intensifier is not secured
• When there is no film in the exposure areas
• Timer switch
• When screening time has exceeded 2 sec
• When accessories are not packed or connected
corrected
Cont…

3. Electrical safety interlock


• Circuit breaking relays
• Initial delay circuit
• Anode delay interlock
• Tube shield interlock
• X-ray overload protection
• Loadix
ELECTRICAL SAFETY INTERLOCK
1. Initial delay circuit
This allow a delay time of 30 seconds after switching the
mains’ON’ before an exposure can be made to give time
for the primary circuit to get energised
Cont..
• Sometimes indicated by a red on the control panel
before an exposure can be made
2. Tube filament interlock
• Tube filament interlock ensures that an exposure cannot
be made until the filament circuit has been switched
‘ON’
• It ensures that the filaments of X-ray tube and values
must be brought to full working temperature before an
exposure is made
• It has a switch which is in series with the primary of the
tube filament circuit
• The working temperature of the tube filament is arrived
at by means of a filament boost system
Cont..

FILAMENT BOOST SYSTEM


• When the unit is into ‘prep’ ready for an exposure a
delay is introduced in order:
• To allow the X-ray tube and high tension value filaments
to reach to a full working temperature. This is achieved
by shorting out a resistor.
• The filament is boosted to full working temperature by
putting the unit to ‘prep’ short ‘pre’ time must be used
as possible to the prolong the life of the filament.
• As soon as the unit is switched ‘ON’the filament sets
connected to heating supply but via a resistors.
• This is low temperature is refered to as standby value
Cont…

• During ‘pre’ as a resistor is shorted.The filament is brought to its


correct value called BOOSTED VALUE
• Thus an X-ray tube filament is continuously connected to power
everytime the unit is switched ‘ON’
• Therefore the unit should be switched off if an exposure is not going
to be made very soon.
3 The anode delay circuit
• This allow the rotating anode X-ray tube sometime for
the anode to reach their full rotating speed before their
exposure can be initiated
• For a conventional speed(3000 rev/min)at least 2.0 sec
should elaspe
Cont…
• For high speed anodes(1200 rev/min)6.0 sec should
elapse.
4. X-ray tube overload protection circuit
• This is circuit protects the X-ray tube against the effects
of electrical overload
• The overload protection can be either:
Against single exposure ie (General X-ray)
Against multiple exposure i.e cine radiography
Cont…
5. LOADIX
This system uses a heat sensor to measure the amount
of heat radiated from the anode.
The sensor provides a signal proportional to the radiated
which amplified and used to heat energy provides visual
indication on the control panel of the extent of the tube
thermal loading
This method is useful which the tube is used for
examinations requiring heavy loading of anode.
THE END

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