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Density G8

The document provides an overview of density, including definitions of mass, volume, and how to measure density in solids, liquids, and gases. It explains the calculation of density using the formula density = mass/volume and includes examples and methods for measuring density in various states of matter. Additionally, it discusses the historical context of balloon invention and the use of gases in scientific research.

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30 views14 pages

Density G8

The document provides an overview of density, including definitions of mass, volume, and how to measure density in solids, liquids, and gases. It explains the calculation of density using the formula density = mass/volume and includes examples and methods for measuring density in various states of matter. Additionally, it discusses the historical context of balloon invention and the use of gases in scientific research.

Uploaded by

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DENSITY

Grade 8
Some questions to think
◦ What is mass? – Amount of matter in an
object

◦ What is the force of attraction that pulls


your body towards the earth? –
Gravitational force

◦ What is volume of an object? – Amount of


space the object fills

◦ What is used to measure volume ? –


Graduated (Marked) cylinders
Density
◦ Which is heavier from the picture when added in water?
◦ This is because of density

◦ Density of a substance is a measure of the amount


of matter that is present in a certain volume of that
substance.
◦ It is calculated using the formula:
◦ Density = mass/volume

◦ Unit is kg/m3 and pronounced ‘Kilogram per metre cubed’


◦ To convert from g/cm3 to k/m3, simple multiply by 1000.
For e.g.: density of ice is 0.920 g/cm3. Therefore, it can be
expressed as 0.920 x 1000 = 920 kg/m3.

◦ Perspex - solid transparent plastic


Density in solids
◦ How do you measure the density of a solid rectangular
block?
◦ 1. Measure the mass by placing the block on a balance and
record the mass in grams.
◦ 2. Volume is measured by multiplying the length, width
and height and record in cm3
◦ 3. The density is found by using the formula mass/ volume
and is expressed in g/cm3.

◦ Example:
◦ Q. A block measures 8 cm long, 2 cm wide and 3 cm high
and has a mass of 46g. What is the density?
◦ Ans: Length = 8 cm, width = 2 cm, height = 3 cm, Mass = 46
g
◦ Volume = 8 x 2 x 3 = 48 cm3
◦ Therefore density = mass/ volume, density = 46/48, density =
0.95 g/cm3
◦ Thus, 0.95 x 1000 = 950 kg/m3
Density in solids
◦ Solve the following:
◦ Q. Calculate the density of a 500g rectangular block with the following dimensions:
length=8 cm, width=6 cm, height=5 cm. Convert the answer to kg/m 3
◦ Ans: length=8 cm, width=6 cm, height=5 cm.
◦ Volume = 8cm x 6cm x 5cm = 240 cm3
◦ Density = mass/volume
◦ Density = 500/240
◦ Density = 2.0 g/cm3
◦ Therefore 2.0 x 1000 = 2000 k/m3
Density in solids
◦ How do you measure the density of an irregular
shaped object?
◦ For e.g.: The density of a pebble can be found in the
following way.
◦ 1. Mass of the pebble is place in a top pan balance, like
the solid regular object.

◦ 2. Volume is found by pouring water in the measuring


cylinder till half full. The volume reading it measured.
◦ Then, the pebble is carefully immersed in the cylinder with
a string. The volume is again measured.

◦ 3. The volume of the pebble is found by subtracting the


first value from the second value.

◦ 4. Density is found is by using the formula.


Density in solids
◦ Solve the following
◦ Q: Mass of a pebble was 88.4 g. The original volume of the water in the measuring cylinder was
50 cm3 and the combined volume was 84 cm3. What is the density of the pebble.
◦ Ans: Volume of the pebble = Combined volume – original volume, 84 - 50 = 34 cm 3
◦ Therefore, density of the pebble = mass/volume, 88.4/34 = 2.6 g/cm 3
◦ To convert: 2.6 x 1000 = 2600 kg/m3

◦ Q: Mass of a pebble was 50 g. The original volume of the water in the measuring cylinder was 40
cm3 and the combined volume was 60 cm3. What is the density of the pebble.
◦ Ans: Volume of the pebble = Combined volume – original volume, 60 - 40 = 20 cm 3
◦ Therefore, density of the pebble = mass/volume, 50/20 = 2.5 g/cm3
◦ To convert: 2.5 x 1000 = 2500 kg/m3
Density in liquids
◦How do you measure the density of a liquid?
◦1. A measuring cylinder is put on a balance
and the mass is measured to be A.
◦2. The liquid is poured into the measuring
cylinder and its volume is measured to be V.
◦3. Mass of the measuring cylinder and the
liquid it contains is found to be B.
◦4. The mass of the liquid is found by
subtracting A from B.
◦5. The density of the liquid is then calculated
by dividing the mass of the liquid by the
volume.

◦Density of the liquid = B – A / V


Density in liquids
◦ Q. Mass of a measuring cylinder was found to be 15 g. A liquid with volume 30 cm 3 was
added and the total mass was found to be 30. Find the density of the liquid.
◦ Ans: Mass of the liquid = 30 – 15 = 15 g
◦ Density of the liquid = 15/ 30 = 0.5 g/cm3
◦ To convert: 0.5 x 1000 = 500 k/m3

◦ A piece of ice floating in a glass of water melts, but the level of water in glass
does not change. Give reason.
◦ Because the spaces in the water molecules are filled with the molecules from the
ice. So, the volume does not change
Floating and sinking
◦ Floating and sinking
depend on the
density of water and
the density of an
object. If the density
of an object is less
than the density of
water, it floats.

◦ If the density of an
object is more than
the density of water,
it sinks.
Density in gases
◦ How do you measure the density of a gas?
1. Mass of a round bottom flask along with the stopper, pipe
and closed clip is is measured. Air is then vacuumed from the
flask.
2. The mass is then measured after vacuuming. The difference
is then measured by subtracting the second reading from the
first.
3. Volume is then measured by opening the flask under water.
This water is then poured in a measuring cylinder and
measured.

◦ Density of gases change with temperature and


pressure.
◦ They are measured at same temperature and pressure. This
is called Standard temperature and pressure. (STP)
◦ Standard temperature is 0O C and standard pressure is
1 atm. (760mm of mercury in a tube).

◦ When two gases meet, the less dense gas will rise above the
denser gas.
◦ E.g.: a hot air balloon.
Balloons and scientific
research
◦ Joseph-Michel Montgolfier (1740-1810) was interested
in invention along with being in the paper making
business.
◦ He observed that embers from fire rose and feel back
again but the smoke kept rising. He called this
phenomenon of smoke rising as Levity.
◦ He believed that smoke contained a gas with this property
and called it ‘Montgolfier gas’

◦ First, he made a lightweight box covered with silk and lit


of fire under it, which rose.
◦ Along with his brother Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier, he
launched a balloon made of hessian and paper over a
smoky fire.
◦ Soon living things were sent high in the atmosphere like a
sheep, a duck and a chicken.
Balloons and scientific research
◦ Tiberius Cavallo, an Italian scientist made bubbles with hydrogen gas and observed how they rose
in air.

◦ French inventor Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles invented hydrogen balloons that could carry
people.

◦ Today gas filled balloons are filled with helium.


◦ They are used in scientific research like predicting the weather and obtaining data, studying the
atmosphere and astronomy.
Summary

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