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Projectile

Projectile motion refers to the motion of an object thrown at an angle or horizontally, characterized by two components: horizontal motion at constant speed and vertical motion with acceleration due to gravity. The trajectory of a projectile is parabolic, and key concepts include the range, time of flight, and the effects of launch angle on distance traveled. The document also includes sample problems illustrating calculations related to projectile motion.

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71 views29 pages

Projectile

Projectile motion refers to the motion of an object thrown at an angle or horizontally, characterized by two components: horizontal motion at constant speed and vertical motion with acceleration due to gravity. The trajectory of a projectile is parabolic, and key concepts include the range, time of flight, and the effects of launch angle on distance traveled. The document also includes sample problems illustrating calculations related to projectile motion.

Uploaded by

sangguniangkabataanvigaan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROJECTILE

Kinematics of Translation
Projectile Motion
 The motion of a body thrown
horizontally or at an angle other than 90◦
with the horizontal is called projectile motion.

 Projectile motion has 2 components, the


vertical component and the horizontal
component.
Projectile Motion
 Projectile moves horizontally at constant
speed and it falls vertically with acceleration
equal to g.
Projectile Motion
 The path that a projectile follows is
called its trajectory. The trajectory of
projectile is parabola. This results from
the combined motions in the horizontal
and vertical motion.
Projectile Motion
 When dealing with projectile motion it is
important to take note of the ff.

 1. at any instance, the velocity of a


projectile is

2 2 1
vy
v  vx  v y  tan
vx
Projectile Motion
 2. at the highest point of its trajectory,
only the vertical velocity is zero. The
horizontal velocity is still vox, thus,
velocity at the highest point is equal
to vox

 3. the acceleration of the highest


point of its trajectory is g and not
zero.
Projectile Motion
 Range is the horizontal distance travelled
by the projectile from the launching
position to the landing position, on the
assumption that it returns to the same
level at which it is fired.

 ____________________________________ range
Projectile Motion
 The maximum range can only be obtained
when the object is launched at 45◦

 Two angles that are complementary will always give


the same range. Ex. 70 ◦ and 20◦ with same initial
velocity.

 Projectile motion exhibits time and speed symmetry.


Projectile vs Freefall
 Projectile motion as a
combination of horizontal
motion with constant
velocity and vertical
motion with constant
acceleration.
 one is dropped from rest
and the other is projected
horizontally, but both
projectiles fall the same
distance in the same time.
CASE 1 – OBJECT LAUNCHED
HORIZONTALLY
Case 1 – Object Launched Horizontally
Horizontal Motion (x)
y
 velocity is CONSTANT or Uniform
Vix = Vi
 initial horizontal velocity equals the
final horizontal velocity Vix = Vfx
 acceleration is 0 (ax = 0)
 Range or Horizontal Distance

dx = Vix t or R= Vix t
The horizontal and vertical motions are
independent of each other, but they have
xa common time
Vertical Motion (Y)
y
 acceleration is constant, and downward
(free fall - dropped)
a = g = -9.8m/s2
 velocity in changing
Viy = 0 (dropped)
Vfy = increasing
 maximum height (h) dy = ½ gt2
 time of flight t = √ 2dy

 x velocity v = √vx2 + vy2


direction tan ϴ = Vy
Projectile Motion
Table 1: Vector launched horizontally

Horizontal Vertical
acceleration ax = 0 ay = g
Velocity vx = vox vy = -gt
Velocity total
V= Vx2 + Vy2
displacement dx = vxt dy = - ½ gt2
Range r = x2 + y2
Sample problem
1. A ball is thrown horizontally from a
height of 5.50 m with an initial speed of
25.0 m/s. (a) how long will it take the ball
to reach the ground? (b) at what horizontal
distance from the point of release will it
strike the ground? (c) what will be the
magnitude of its velocity when it strikes
the ground? (d) at what direction will it
strike the ground?
Ans: a) 1.06 s b) 26.5 m
c) 27.1 m/s
2. A stone is thrown horizontally from
the roof of a building with an initial
velocity of 20 m/s. It hits the ground at
a point which is 70m from the edge of
the building. (a) Solve for the time of
flight. (b) Find the height of the
building.

Ans: a) 3.5s b) 60.0 m


3. A marble is thrown horizontally from a
table top with a velocity of 1.50 m/s. The
marble falls 0.70 m away from the table’s
edge.
A) How high is the lab table?
B) What is the marble’s velocity just
before it hits the floor?

Ans: a) 1.07m b)
4.8m/s
Sample problem:
4. A ball thrown horizontally from the top
of the building 55m high strikes the
ground at a point 35 m from the building.
Find the (a) time to reach the ground, (b)
initial speed of the ball, and (c) velocity
with which the ball strike the ground.

Ans: a) 3.35 s b) 10.5 m/s


c) 35 m/s 72.3◦
Case 2 Object Launched at an
Angle
y

vi

viy

θ x
vix
y Initial position: x = 0, y =
0
Initial velocity: vi = vi [Θ]
vi
When a projectile is launched
with an angle, its velocity has
viy two components

Velocity components:
θ x- direction : vix = vi cos Θ
y- direction : viy =xvi sin Θ
vix
Vertical Motion Horizontal
 Following free fall Motion
 upward positive vertical
velocity component that is
 constant velocity/
decreasing in magnitude uniform velocity
until it becomes zero at the
top of the trajectory
 acceleration =
 accelerates downward at a zero
rate of 9.8 m/s per second or
9.8 m/s2, it will start to
descend with an increasing
negative vertical velocity
until it is stopped by
something.
Case 2 – Equations

Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion (Y)


(X)  Initial Velocity
 Initial Velocity (Viy)
(Vix)  Final Velocity
 Final Velocity (Vfy)
(Vyx)  Height (dy or Y or
 Distance (dx or X H)
or R)  Time to reach the
 Time of flight (T) maximum height
(t)

Case 2 – Equations

Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion (Y)


(X)  Initial Velocity
 Initial Velocity (Viy)
(Vix)  Final Velocity
 Final Velocity (Vfy)
(Vyx)  Height (dy or Y or
 Distance (dx or X H)
or R)  Time to reach the
 Time of flight (T) maximum height
(t)

Case 2 Object Launched at an
Angle
 Vertical Motion (free-  Horizontal Motion
fall)
Viy = vi sin Θ
Vix = vi cos Θ ; Vfx = Vix
g = Vfy – Viy
V = d/t
t
dy = Viyt + gt2 dx or Range (R)
2
R = (Vix)(T) or
dy = Vfy2 – Viy2 R=(VicosΘ)(T)
2g
note: t (time of flight) ;T(total t) R= Vi2 sin 2Θ
t = Viy ; T =2t g
g
Vertical Motion (free-fall)
Equations
 What is the equation for
 dy = gt2
dy maximum height? 2
 What is the equation for  dy = Viyt + gt2

dy at any time?
2
 What is the equation for

final velocity at a = Vi sin Θ t +


maximum height? gt2
 What is the equation for 2
final velocity at any time?
 Vfy = gt
1. A golf ball was hit and projected at an
angle of 600 with the horizontal. If the
initial velocity of the ball was 50m/s
(neglecting air friction), the calculate the
following:
a. Time the golf ball was in the air,

b. Horizontal distance the ball travelled

c. Maximum height the ball reached.

Ans: a) 8.8s b) 220m


c) 95.7 m
Problem Solving
2. A place kicker kicks a football with a
velocity of 20.0 m/s and at an angle
of 53 degrees.
(a) How long is the ball in the air?
(b) How far away does it land?
(c) How high does it travel?

Ans: a) 3.3s b) 39.7 m


c) 13.0 m
Problem Solving
3. A long jumper leaves the ground at
an angle of 300 to the horizontal and a
speed of 6m/s. How far does he jump?

Ans: a) 3.18m
is Relati Depends Frame of
on
ve Reference

Displacem
ent Equation of
Can be
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describe
Veloci Obtained motion
either by
d in ty Graphical
terms of
Accelerati analysis
on
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Motion

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