HISTORY OF

COMPUTER:BA
SIC
COMPUTING
PERIODS
PRESENTER;
BANDING, RADSMA A.
LEON, NURHAIDA I.
● These human computers were typically
engaged in the calculation of a
mathematical expression.
● The calculations of this period were
specialized and expensive, requiring
years of training in mathematics.
● The first use of the word "computer"
was recorded in 1613.
 A.Tally stick
A tally stick was an ancient
memory aid device to
record and document
numbers, quantities, or
even messages.
 B. Abacus
-An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an
individual in performing mathematical calculations.
● The abacus was invented in
Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
● he abacus in the form we are
most familiar with was first
used in China in around 500
B.C.
● It used to perform basic
arithmetic operations.
 C. Napier’s
Bones
● Invented by John Napier in
1614.
● Allowed the operator to
multiply, divide and
calculate square and cube
roots by moving the rods
around and placing them in
specially constructed
boards.
 D. Slide
Rule
● Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.
● Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms.
● Used primarily for –multiplication – division – roots –
logarithms – Trigonometry
 E. Pascaline

● Invented by Blaise Pascal in

1642.
● It was its limitation to addition
and subtraction.
● It is too expensive.
 F. Stepped Reckoner
● Invented by Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.
● The machine that can add,
subtract, multiply and divide
automatically
G. Jacquard
Loom
● The Jacquard loom is a
mechanical loom, invented
by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in
1881.
● It is an automatic loom
controlled by punched
cards.
H. Arithmometer
● A mechanical calculator
invented by Thomas de Colmar
in 1820,
● The first reliable, useful and
commercially successful
calculating machine.
● The machine could perform the
four basic mathematical
functions. The first mass-
produced calculating machine
engine
● It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to
tabulate polynomial functions.
● invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834
● It is the first mechanic
J. First computer
programmer

● In 1840, Augusta Ada

Byron suggests to
Babbage that he use the
binary system.
● She writes programs for
the Analytical Engine
K. Scheutzian Calculation Engine
● Invented by Per Georg
Scheutz in 1843.
● Based on Charles
Babbage's difference
engine.
● The first printing
calculator.
L. Tabulating Machine
● Invented by Herman
Hollerith in 1890.
● To assist in summarizing
information and
accounting.
 M. Harvard Mark 1
● Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC).
● Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943
● The first electromechanical computer.
 N. Z1
● The first programmable
computer.
● Created by Konrad Zuse in
Germany from 1936 to
1938.
● To program the Z1 required
that the user insert punch
tape into a punch tape
reader and all output was
also generated through
punch tape.
O. Atanasoff-Berry Computer
(ABC)

● It was the first electronic

digital computing device.
● Invented by Professor John
Atanasoff and graduate
student Clifford Berry at
Iowa State University
between 1939 and 1942.
 P. ENIAC
● ENIAC stands for Electronic
Numerical Integrator and
Computer.
● t was the first electronic
general-purpose computer.
● Completed in 1946.
● Developed by John Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly.
 Q. UNIVAC
1
● The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal
Automatic Computer 1) was
the first commercial
computer.
● Designed by John Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly.
R. EDVAC
● EDVAC stands for Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer
● The First Stored Program
Computer
● Designed by Von Neumann
in 1952.
● It has a memory to hold
both a stored program as
well as data
S. The First Portable Computer
● Osborne 1 – the first
portable computer.
● Released in 1981 by
the Osborne Computer
Corporation
T. The First Computer Company
● The first computer
company was the
Electronic Controls
Company.
● Founded in 1949 by
John Presper Eckert and
John Mauchly.
 Basic
Computing
Periods - Ages
-DAKULA ARMINA J.
A. Premechanical
● earliest age of information
technology.
● 3000B.C. and 1450A.D.
● When humans first started
communicating they would
try to use language or simple
picture drawings known as
petroglyphs.
● Phoenician alphabet.
B. Mechanical
● first start to see connections between our current
technology and its ancestors.
● defined as the time between 1450 and 1840.
● Technologies like the slide rule (an analog
computer used for multiplying and dividing) were
invented.
● Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline which was a
very popular mechanical computer.
● Charles Babbage developed the difference engine
which tabulated polynomial equations using the
method of finite differences.
C.
Electromechanical
● defined as the time between 1840 and 1940.
● beginnings of telecommunication.
● The telegraph was created in the early 1800s.
● Morse code was created by Samuel Morse in
1835. -The telephone (one of the most popular
forms of communication ever) was created by
Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
● The first radio developed by Guglielmo
Marconi in 1894.
D.
Electronic
● defined as the time between 1940 and right
now.
● The ENIAC was the first high-speed, digital
computer capable of being reprogrammed to
solve a full range of computing problems.
● This computer was designed to be used by the
U.S. Army for artillery firing tables. -This
machine was even bigger than the Mark 1
taking up 680 square feet and weighing 30 tons
- HUGE.
 History of
Computer:
Generations
of
Computer
There are five generations of
computer:

● First generation – 1946 to 1958

● Second generation – 1959 to 1964
● Third generation – 1965 to 1970
● Fourth generation – 1971 to Today
● Fifth generation – Today to future
a. The First
Generation
- The first computers used vacuum tubes for
circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and
were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They
were very expensive to operate and in addition to
using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of
heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
First generation computers relied on machine
language, the lowest-level programming language
understood by computers, to perform operations,
and they could only solve one problem at a time.
Examples: ENIAC – EDSAC – UNIVAC I, UNIVAC II,
UNIVAC 1101

b. The Second Generation

- Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered
in the second generation of computers. One
transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum
tubes. Allowing computers to become smaller,
faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more
reliable. Still generated a great deal of heat that
can damage the computer.
Examples:UNIVAC III, RCA 501, Philco Transact S-2000,
NCR 300 series, IBM 7030
Stretch, IBM 7070, 7080, 7090 series

c. The Third Generation

- The development of the integrated circuit was the
hallmark of the third generation of computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon
chips, called semiconductors, which drastically
increased the speed and efficiency of computers. It
could carry out instructions in billionths of a
second. Much smaller and cheaper compare to the
second-generation computers.
d. The Fourth Generation

- The microprocessor brought the fourth

generation of computers, as thousands of
integrated circuits were built onto a single
silicon chip. As these small computers became
more powerful, they could be linked together to
form networks, which eventually led to the
development of the Internet.
e. The Fifth Generation
- Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Still in
development. The use of parallel processing
and superconductors is helping to make
artificial intelligence a reality. The goal is to
develop devices that respond to natural
language input and are capable of learning
and self-organization. There are some
applications, such as voice recognition, that
are being used today.
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FOR
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