Welcome (back) to

Units 1 and 2
Physical Education
 Learning Intentions

To understand the structure and function of the skeletal system

Learning
including bones of the human body, classification of bones and
joint actions.

Intention Success Criteria

s and
Success Identify individual bones, types of bones and joints using
anatomical terminology

Criteria
Describe the functions of the skeletal system

Perform and analyse joint actions Learning Behaviour Goals

and anatomical movements in We challenge ourselves and support
sporting contexts each other
Bingo
Skeletal system

Questions:
What was one highlight
of your holiday?

How did you incorporate

your learning of bones
and movements into
your holidays?
 EXPECTATIONS

Treat teacher and peers

Arrive to class on time with
Wear correct uniform (PE with respect Provided you have
all required materials
uniform only on the days • - Listen attempted the work, your
(textbook , workbook,
you have a practical • - Get involved teacher will be of great
folder, plastic pockets for
lesson). • - Be honest and upfront assistance to you.
sheets, laptop etc.)

Try your best in every unit.

If you are absent, it is your
With a positive attitude
responsibility to catch up SAC – under 40% = Homework expectations-
and a good work ethic you
on what you have missed Redemption Just get it done!!
will gain many rewards
out on.
from this subject.
Holiday
homewor
k
Physical Activity reflective folio
1. Share with the person next to you
what you did.
2. Go through the Bones and
anatomical movements
required/used.
3. What is one benefit of physical
activity that you rate highly?
HOW IT WORKS
UNIT 1: The Human Body in Motion
- AOS 1- How does the musculoskeletal system work to produce
movement
- AOS 2- How does the cardiorespiratory system function at rest
and during physical activity)

UNIT 2: Physical Activity, Sport and Society

- AOS 1- What are the relationships between Physical Activity,
sport, health and society
- AOS 2- What are the contemporary issues associated with
physical activity and sport
- Exam

** Generally 3 SACS and 1 exam per unit.

 • Course content will also be uploaded onto the Unit 1 and 2 PE
One Note One Note
• Your teacher may also use Class Notebook to push out work.
Textbook: Jacaranda- Live
it up 1
• Using the code on the inside cover
of your book you can download the
electronic copy of the textbook-
access to a number of other
resources (Study on).
What we
completed in
Ignition

• Introduction to Unit 1 and 2 PE (study design)

• Expectations and norms
• Structure and Functions of the skeletal system
(including the Axial and appendicular skeleton
and Vertebral column)
• Types of bones
• Anatomical terms
• Pracs- weights room and team sport
What will we do today ?

• Review understanding of bones, types of bones,

functions of the skeletal system and joint
actions.
• Group challenge incorporating and revising your
knowledge of what we have learnt.
 Anatomical Movements

◦ 1. Anatomical Movements kahoot

◦ https://create.kahoot.it/share/anatomical-movements/3eff85c9-581e-4ce9-8c31-e8f
95b883dd8
Skeletal System Cheat-
Sheet
Brain Break
Skeletal system
challenge
• There are five challenges related to the
content we have learnt.
• Each challenge you can earn points.
• Challenge vary in what you need to do.
Skeletal system
challenge
• Challenge 1 – Bone relay
 Each group will have a poster of the
skeletal system and are to label the diagram
with the bones of the body.
 The poster will be at the front of the room,
and students will go up to add their bone
and come back to their group.
 All groups have 3 minutes to correctly
identify the bones, with each correct bone
collecting 1 point.
This must be done silently!
Skeletal system
challenge
• Challenge 2 – Bone classification codes
• Each group will receive a code to identify a bone.
• Once the bone is identified, they will have to
identify the type of bone by writing it on their
poster from challenge 1.
• 1 point for each correct type of bone.
• Teams have 4 minutes to do this.
 • Challenge 3 – Charades
 Teams take turns sending one representative to
the front.
 Using charades, the representative acts out a
Skeletal joint action while doing sports specific skill
(e.g., flexion, extension in a basketball shot)
system without speaking.
 Team members guess the joint action being
challenge portrayed.
 Rotate representatives until each team member
has a turn.
 1 point is awarded for correct guess
 Teacher to give the action to be portrayed.
Skeletal system • Challenge 4 – Skills analysis (time
permitting)
challenge In this edition, students will choose
and analyse a sports movement/skill
applying what they have learnt.
This can be done on the back of their
poster from round 1.
Students go through and complete
the questions there for them.
This should take 10 minutes.
This will be peer assessed by another
group.
Skeletal system Challenge 5:
True or False
• True 1. Your skeletal system is made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue.
• True 2. The vertebrae supports your body and protects your spinal cord.
• False 3. Tendons connect bone to bone.
• False 4. Osteoporosis is when a bone is pushed out of its joint.
• True 5. Your nose and ears are made of cartilage.
• True 6. Arthritis is when a person has swollen or stiff joints.
• True 7. A baby’s skeleton consists of over 300 bones.
• True 8. Joints are the points at which bones meet.
• False 9. Ligaments connect muscle to bone.
• False 10. The bones of your cranium protect your heart and lungs.
• True 11. Making blood cells is a function or job of the skeletal system.
• True 12. Blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
• True 13. Exercise, good posture, and having a healthy diet are ways of keeping the skeletal system healthy.
• True 14. The skeleton supports our body and gives it shape.
• False 15. The mandible and clavicle make up the upper and lower jawbones.
• True 1. Your skeletal system is made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue.
• True 2. The vertebrae supports your body and protects your spinal cord.
• False 3. Tendons connect bone to bone.
• False 4. Osteoporosis is when a bone is pushed out of its joint.
• True 5. Your nose and ears are made of cartilage.
• True 6. Arthritis is when a person has swollen or stiff joints.
• True 7. A baby’s skeleton consists of over 300 bones.
• True 8. Joints are the points at which bones meet.
• False 9. Ligaments connect muscle to bone.
• False 10. The bones of your cranium protect your heart and lungs.
• True 11. Making blood cells is a function or job of the skeletal system.
• True 12. Blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
• True 13. Exercise, good posture, and having a healthy diet are ways of keeping the skeletal system healthy.
• True 14. The skeleton supports our body and gives it shape.
• False 15. The mandible and clavicle make up the upper and lower jawbones.
 Learning Intentions

To understand the structure and function of the skeletal system

Learning
including bones of the human body, classification of bones and
joint actions.

Intention Success Criteria

s and
Success Identify individual bones, types of bones and joints using
anatomical terminology

Criteria
Describe the functions of the skeletal system

Analyse joint actions and Learning Behaviour Goals

anatomical movements in We challenge ourselves and support
sporting contexts each other
JOINT CLASSIFICATION,
STRUCTURE AND
ANATOMICAL
MOVEMENTS
 Learning Intentions and Success
Criteria
Learning Intentions:
◦ Understanding of the classification of joins, types of connective tissue and types of synovial
joints
◦ To review the location of body parts using anatomical terms

Success Criteria:
◦ I can distinguish between the three different joint classifications
◦ I can outline different synovial joints using clear examples and sporting context
◦ I can explain the location of body parts in relation to others using anatomical terms

◦ Learning Behaviour Goal

◦ We view mistakes as learning opportunities
Joints
Joints are where two or more
bones meet.

◦ There are three main

classifications of joints.

◦ These classifications are based

on the amount of movement
they allow.
 Types of Joints
◦Fibrous (or Fixed/Immoveable)

◦Cartilaginous (slightly moveable)

◦Synovial (freely moving)

 Types of Joints
◦Fibrous or fixed (immoveable)

◦ Offer no movement
◦ Tough fibres, join these bones together
◦ E.g. Zigzag lines (sutures) of the skull, pelvis,
sternum.
 Types of joints
◦Cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
• Cartilage joins these bones together
• Cartilage is not as flexible as ligaments therefore
movement is restricted (allows small movement)
• Example: vertebral column or where the ribs join the
sternum
 Types of joints
◦Synovial (freely moveable)
◦ Move freely (in at least one direction)
◦ The most common type of joint
◦ Example: knee, shoulder, elbow
◦ Six types of synovial joints – classified according to their
shape and the type of movement they allow.

Synovial joints are

classified by a number of
qualities
- Free movement
- Cartilage at the ends of
bones reducing friction
and offers protection and
cushioning
- Ligaments that secure
bones in place
- Enclosed by a joint
capsule
 Lesson 1 Review:
Speed Dating Questions

1. What section of the vertebrae has 4 bones fused together?

2. Phalanges is an example of what type of bone?
3. What section of the vertebrae helps do this (allows your
head to move up and down, side to side)?
4. True or false: The hip is inferior to the knee joint
5. True or false: The humerus are lateral to the sternum
6. Which of the following bones is located in the lower limbs?
◦ Metacarpal? Radius? Femur? Humerus?
 Moving your Synovial Joints

Hinge Joint Saddle Joint

Ball in Socket

Gliding Joint
Condyloid Joint
Pivot Joint
In pairs, and using these images and your textbook,
perform a movement at each of the 6 types of
synovial joints.
 Connective tissue: CARTILAGE

Smooth and slightly elastic

Different forms
◦Hyaline – coats the end of bones in synovial
joints
◦Discs of cartilage separate the vertebrae
◦The ribs attach to the sternum via cartilage
◦The hard point of the ear and the tip of the
nose are cartilage.
 CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Tendons

◦ Tendons are inelastic and very strong

◦ Tendons attach muscle to bones across a joint.
◦ When muscles contract, they pull one bone
towards another and movement occurs

◦Muscles attach to bones, how?

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE: LIGAMENTS

• Ligaments also cross a joint

and join bone to bone.

Think quick! What do you

think the main function of
ligaments are?
Ligaments of the Knee
Sorts of movements that result in knee injuries
◦ ACL injury:
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/I3tvCbgnDA4?feature=s
hare

◦ Changing direction rapidly, slowing down when

running, and landing from a jump may cause tears in
the ACL.
◦ MCL injury:
◦ Injuries to the MCL are usually caused by a direct
blow to the outside of the knee.
◦ PCL injury
◦ The PCL is often injured when an athlete receives a
blow to the front of the knee or makes a simple
misstep on the playing field.
◦ Torn cartilage
When people talk about torn knee cartilage, they are
usually referring to a torn meniscus.
ANATOMICAL Positions and Terms of Reference
Anatomical
Term Definition Example
Superior Closer to the head than another Shoulder is superior to the elbow
part
Inferior Closer to the feet than another Knee joint is inferior to the hip joint
part
Anterior Towards the front of the body Pectorials are anterior to the latissimus
dorsi
Posterior Towards the back of the body The hamstrings are posterior to the
quadriceps
Medial Towards the midline of the body The nose is medial to the ears

Lateral Away from the midline of the The ears are lateral to the eyes
body
Body part closer its attachment The elbow is proximal to the wrist because
Proximal point its closer to the shoulder joint (attachment
point)
Distal Body part further away from the The wrist is distal to the forearm flexors
point of attachment
Superficial A body part closer to the surface Skin is superficial to the heart
of the body than another
A body part that is internal or Vertebral column is deep when compared
Deep further from the surface of the to the skin
body than another
Body part Anatomical Body part
1 Term 2
Superior
Inferior
Anterior Anatomical
Posterior
Medial
terms
Lateral activity
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Skeletal system
revision
Decoding Exam Questions
Decoding Exam Questions
◦ Exam Question
◦ Question 1 (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 marks)
◦ Anatomical terms are used to describe the locations of body parts in relation to others.
Define two anatomical terms and provide an example for each.

◦ Anatomical Term:

◦ Example:

◦ Anatomical Term:

◦ Example:
 Learning Intentions and Success
Criteria
Learning Intentions:
◦ Understanding of the classification of joins, types of connective tissue and types of synovial
joints
◦ To review the location of body parts using anatomical terms

Success Criteria:
◦ I can distinguish between the three different joint classifications
◦ I can outline different synovial joints using clear examples and sporting context
◦ I can explain the location of body parts in relation to others using anatomical terms

◦ Learning Behaviour Goal

◦ We view mistakes as learning opportunities