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Organic Chemistry 2

The document provides a classification of hydrocarbons, detailing aliphatic hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, along with their formulas and characteristics. It also covers cyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, including nomenclature rules for naming alkanes and their substituents. Key points include the identification of the longest carbon chain and the proper use of prefixes and punctuation in naming.

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Hannah Jean Enabe
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6 views48 pages

Organic Chemistry 2

The document provides a classification of hydrocarbons, detailing aliphatic hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, along with their formulas and characteristics. It also covers cyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, including nomenclature rules for naming alkanes and their substituents. Key points include the identification of the longest carbon chain and the proper use of prefixes and punctuation in naming.

Uploaded by

Hannah Jean Enabe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYDROCARBONS

-compounds
containing C and H
only
Classification of
Hydrocarbons
1. Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons
1.1 Straight Chain
Hydrocarbons
A. Alkanes
- Single bonds, C – C
- Also lnown as Saturated

Hydrocarbons or
Paraffins
-Names end in –ane
-Formula, CnH2n+2
-Homologous series:
Methane Series
B. Alkenes
- characterized by double
bonds, C = C
- also known as Olefins
- Names end in –ene
- Formula, CnH2n
- Homologous series:
Ethene Series
C. Alkynes
- characterized by triple
bonds, C = C
- Unsaturated
hydrocarbons
- Names end in –yne
- Formula, CnH2n-2
- Homologous series:
Ethyne Series
Substituents
- groups that
substitute H in
the
HC chain.
Alkyl groups as
Substituents:
- Substituents that
are
derived from
alkanes
where one hydrogen
- In naming alkyl
groups, drop –ane
from alkane and
replace with -yl
Other
Sample
Substituent
s:
1.2 Cyclic
Hydrocarbons
(closed chains
hydrocarbons)
A. Cycloalkanes
B. Cycloalkenes
2. Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
- hydrocarbon’s that
contain
the benzene ring
(a hemotoxin that
damages
the bone marrow and
inhibits blood cell
2.1 Monosubstituted
Ex.
2.2 Di-substituted
Ex.
2.3 Poly-substituted
Ex.
ANILINE
NOMENCLATURE:
ALKANES
1. Find the longest chain in the
molecule. This is your parent chain.

2. Number the C atom in the long


chain. Start with the end nearest
to any substituent present
3. Identify the position of each
substituent by including the
number of the C atom to which
they are attached.

4. Use prefixes to indicate the


appearance of substituents more
than once in the structure. (ex. di,
tri, tetra)
5. List the names of substituents in
alphabetical order. Ignore prefixes.

6. Use proper punctuation.


Commas (,) separates numbers
while hypens (-) separates
numbers from words.
Ex.
2,3-dimethylpentane
NOMENCLATURE:
ALKANES
1. Find the longest chain of Carbon
in the molecule which includes the
double bond for alkenes and the
triple bond for alkynes. This is the
parent chain.
Identify the position of the
double bond, or the triple bond , by
including the number of the C atom
into which it is attached.
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