GOOD

AFTERNOON!
 PRAYER
Dear Lord,
We thank you for this day and the
many blessings we have received.
We ask that you would bless the work
that we do here in our online class and
give us patience, courage, and perseverance
to face whatever challenges may come.
Bless our teachers and students with wisdom
to learn from each other.
Help us to be good stewards of your creation.
In Jesus name, Amen
UNDERSTANDIN
G THE SELF
 Chapter 1
THE SELF
FROM VARIOUS
PERSPECTIVE
 WHAT IS
THE SELF?
 Lesson 1:
Philosophy
PHILOSOPHY
 From the Greek word “philo” + “sophia” or
philosophy meaning the “love of wisdom”.
 The study of knowledge.
 The discipline concerned with questions of how
one should live (ethics); what sorts of things exist
and what are their essential natures (metaphysics);
what counts as genuine knowledge (epistemology);
and what are the correct principles of reasoning
(logic).
PHILOSOPHY
 Investigation of the nature, causes, or
principles of reality, knowledge, or values,
based on logical reasoning rather than
empirical methods.
 The study of the ultimate nature of existence,
reality, knowledge and goodness, as
discoverable by human reasoning.
PHILOSOPHY
 Critical Thinking  Justify opinion
 Argument Skills  Spot a bad argument
 Communication  Teaches you to think
 Reasoning
 Analysis
 Problem Solving
 Lesson 2:
Philosophical
Ideology of Self
 SOCRAT -Believed in the idea of

ES
dualismbody
. soul

(470-399 B.C)
 Imperfect Perfect
 Impermanent Permanent
 Physical realm Ideal realm
-"The only true wisdom is
in knowing you know
nothing“
-KNOW THYSELF
"Only the pursuit of
goodness bring -Question everything
happiness”. (SOCRATIC METHOD).
 PLATO
(428/427-348/347
BC)
-Supported the idea that man is dual nature of
body and soul.
-Emphasized that there are three components of
the soul(the most divine aspect of the self)
-Plato emphasizes that
RATIONAL SPIRITE justice in the human person
APPETITIV
E SOUL D SOUL can only be attained if the
E SOUL
three parts of the soul are
working harmoniously with
-REASON, -EMOTION
-DESIRE one another.
KNOWLEDGE -neutral one
 ST.
AUGUSTINE
354-430
-Augustine agreed that man is of a
bifurcated nature.
-The body (imperfect) is to die on earth and
the soul (capable of reaching immortality) is
to anticipate living eternally in a realm of
spiritual bliss in communion with God.
“The world of
materials is not -At first, he thought the body as the “slave”
our final home of the soul but ultimately, regarded the
but only a body as the “spouse” of the soul both
temporary one”. attached to one another.
 THOMAS
AQUINAS
-The most eminent thirtieth century scholar
and stalwart of the medieval philosophy,
appended something to this Christian view:

MATTER FORM
-hyle in Greek
-refers to the common stuffs -morphe in Greek
that makes up everything in the -essence of the living
universe. -the soul is what animates
-we are similar to animals or the body; it makes a
creatures because of human
the matter.
 RENE
DESCARTES
1596-1650
-Father of Modern Philosophy
-Conceived of the human person as
having a body and a mind.
-With his ties to
dualism, Descartes believed the
mind is the seat of our
consciousness because it houses
our drives, intellect, and passions, it “Cogito ergo
gives us our identity and our sum”
sense of self. “ I think
-Believes that doubt makes one therefore I am”
exist in the world.
 JOHN LOCKE
1634-1704
-The human mind at birth is a
“tabula rasa” (blank slate).
-The self or personal identity is
constructed primarily from sense
experiences which shape and bold
the self throughout a person’s life.
-Our identity is not locked in the
mind, soul or body only. He
included the concept of person’s
memory.
DAVID
HUME
1711-1776
-There is no “self”
-To consider what impression gives us
our concept of self.
• IMPRESSIONS- vivid; products of
direct experience.
• IDEAS- copies of impressions;
imagination.
-This argument also applies to the
concept of the soul. Hume suggests
that the self is just a bundle of
perceptions.
 IMMANUEL
KANT
We all have an inner and an
-
(1724-1804)
outer self which together form our
consciousness.
INNER
SELF OUTER
SELF
-PSYCHOLOGICAL -SENSE
STATE -PHYSICAL
-RATIONAL WORLD
INTELLECT

-Opposes the idea of Hume

-We construct the self
MAURICE MERLEU-
PONTY
1908-1961
-Denies the dualistic idea.
-Believed the physical body to be an
important part of what makes up the
subjective self.
-Contradicts rationalism and
empiricism.
”The self has
embodied
-Your body is your general medium for
subjectivity”. having a world.
 GILBERT
RYLE
1900-1976
-Denies the THEREFORE
“I ACT existence I AM”.
of
internal, non-physical self.
-SELF is NOT an entity one
can locate.
-The self is the same as your
behavior.
-We want to believe that
there is a unified , coherent
self, soul, mind, etc. but
actually it is all just a
 SIGMUND CONSCIO
US
FREUD -thoughts,
(1856-1939) feelings and
actions that you
are currently PRECONSCIO
aware US
-mental activities
that are stored in
your memory,
UNCONSCIO not presently
US active but can be
-includes
accessed or
-Father of MODERN
PSYCHOLOGY activities that we recalled
-The self is composed of three are not aware of
layers: conscious, pre -unconscious mind
governs behavior to a
conscious and un conscious
greater degree than
people suspect
 -PLEASURE -MORALITY
-No concept of right -CONSCIENCE
and wrong

-REALITY
-PRACTICAL
SELF REFLECTION:
1. Why is it essential to
understand the self?
2. Based on the topic,
what is your
understanding on the self?
3. What is your own
concept of self?
 CRITERIA:
1. Clarity (2 points):
- Is the reflection clear and easy to understand?
2. Relevance (2 points):
- Does the reflection stay on-topic and address the questions
posed?
3. Depth (2 points):
- Does the reflection provide meaningful insights and thoughtful

responses?
4. Organization (2 points):
- Is the reflection well-structured and logically organized?
5. Personal Insight (2 points):
- Does the reflection offer personal insights and experiences?