PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY

Important Terms

Experiment :
The operation which has atleast two well defined
outcomes .
e.g. 1. Tossing a coin getting H or T
2. Rolling a dice getting 1,2,3,4,5,6
PROBABILITY

There are two types of Experiment

1. Random Experiment : The experiment in which

1. All outcomes are known before experiment &
2. The exact outcomes can not be predicted before
experiment in any specific performance.
e.g. Tossing a coin getting
Rolling a dice
2. Deterministic Experiment :
The experiment which have only on possible outcome and whose result
is certain or unique.

e.g. 1. Experiment on laws of science.

2. Calculating balance of your saving acount.
3. Relation between circumference and radius of a circle.
PROBABILITY
Sample space(S):
• The set of all distinct possible outcomes of a
random experiment is called the sample space
(denoted by S) of random experiment.
• Sample space S is considered as Universal set in
random experiment.
• n(S)= number of elements in sample space S .

• Each outcome of S is called a sample point.

Example :
(1) In case of tossing a coin , S={H,T}
PROBABILITY
(2) In case of tossing 2 coins , S={HH,HT, TH, TT}

(i.e.) n(S)= 𝟐 =4
𝟐

(3) In case of tossing 3 coins ,

S={HHH,HHT, HTH, THH,TTH,THT,HTT,TTT}
3 heads 2 heads 1 head 0
heads

n(S)= 𝟐 =8
𝟑
Also

(4) If K coins are tossed at a time,Then n(S)= 𝟐

𝒌
 PROBABILITY
(5) Throwing a single die gives S={1,2, 3,4,5,6} (i.e)
n(S)=6

(6) Throwing
(1,1) (1,2)two dies(1,5)
(1,3) (1,4) at (1,6)
a time gives
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
S= ..................................................
..................................................
(6,1)(6,2)(6,3) (6,4)(6,5)(6,6)

Thus n(S)= 𝟔 =36

𝟐

(7) If k dies are rolled at a time, then n(S)= 𝟔

𝒌
PROBABILITY
Event:
• It is any subset of the sample S is called an event.
• There are different types of events
1. Simple or Elementary event :- the event which has only
one element.
e.g. Throwing a dice getting even prime number E ={2}
Drawing a Spade of king from pack of playing cards

2. Compound or Mixed event :- the subset of sample space

in which more than one element is present.
e.g. 1. Throwing a dice getting odd number E= {1,3,5}
2. Tossing a three coins getting exactly two H,
E={ HHT,HTH,THH}
PROBABILITY
3.Certain event & Impossible event:

An event which is certain to happen is called a certain event and

an event which can’t happen at all is called an impossible event.

Example:
When a usual die is rolled
(1) Getting a multiple of 7 is an impossible event.

(2) Getting a number less than 7 is a certain event.

4. Favourable events :-
• The set of all outcomes which satisfy given condition in an
random experiment is called Favourable events
• n(E) = no. of favourable outcomes.
e.g. Rolling a dice getting even no. E = { 2,4,6}
n(E)= 3

5. Complementary or Unfavourable events :-

Let S is Sample space of Random experiment & E is set of
favourable outcomes, then set of remaining outcomes which does
not satisfy given condition is called Unfavourable or Complement of
event E.
• it is denoted by E` or Enot
• n(E) + n(E`) = n(s)
PROBABILITY
6. Mutually Exhaustive events :
A set of events in which at least one of the events of sample space are
included while performing an experiment.
Mathematically, if E1​, E2​, ......., En​are exhaustive events, then
E1​∪ E2​∪ ...... ∪ En​= S
Example:

Rolling a dice S ={1,2,3,4,5,6} , odd no. E1={ 1,3,5}

even no. E2 ={ 2,4,6}
prime no. E3 ={2,3,5}
E1 U E2 U E3 = S
PROBABILITY
7. Mutually exclusive or Disjoint events:
Events are said to be mutually exclusive, if the happening of
any one of them prevents the happening of any of the other
events.

A∩B= 𝛟
If A, B are 2 events in sample space; then they are said to
be mutually exclusive iff

Example:
If a die is rolled, then S={1,2,3,4,5,6}.
PROBABILITY
A= events of getting an even number={2,4,6}
B= events of getting an odd number={1,3,5}
Observe that A∩B= 𝛟 A,B are mutually
exclusive

Mutually exclusive events are nothing but

disjoint events.
PROBABILITY
8. Equally likely events:

Two or more events said to be equally likely

or equiprobable, if happening of each event f a sample
space is equal.

Example:

By throwing a usual die, there is an equal chance to get

any of the 6 faces 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6.
PROBABILITY
Classical or mathematical definition of probability:
It measures the possibility of happening of favorable events out of
all possible outcomes of a random experiment.

If n(S) = no. of all possible outcomes

n(E) = no. of favorable outcomes

Probability of happening of favrable outcomes E is

𝐧𝐨.𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
= 𝐧𝐨.𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞
P(E) = n(E)/n(S)
𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬
𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐄
 PROBABILITY
Remarks:
1. 0≤ P(E) ≤ 𝟏 ,𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐄
2. 0≤ % P(E) ≤ 𝟏00
3. If P(E)=0, then E is an impossible event.
4. If P(E)=1, then E is a sure event.
5. Sum of Probability of all mutually exclusive events is
equal to 1. P(E1) +P(E2) + ---- + P(En) = 1
6. Probability of Sample space is equal to 1 P(S) =1
7. P(Enot) = 1- P(E)
PROBABILITY
 Odds in Favour : no. of favorable outcomes/ no. of Unfavorable outcomes

 Odd Against : no. of Unfavorable outcomes/ no. of favorable outcomes

Limitations of classical definition

1. Outcomes of random experiment are not equally similar
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
1) In the experiment of throwing a die, consider the
following events:
A={1,3,5}, B={2,4,6}, C={1,2,3} are these events
equally likely?

Solution:
Yes, clearly A , B , C are equally likely due to the fact

P(C)=𝟑 .
P(A)= P(B)=
�
�
PROBABILITY
2) If two numbers are selected randomly from 20
consecutive natural numbers, find the probability that
the sum of the two numbers is

i) An even number ii) A n odd number

Solution:
i) Let A be the event that the sum of the two numbers
is even when two numbers are selected at random
from 20 consecutive natural numbers and S be the
sample space.
𝟐𝟎𝐂𝟐 =
𝟏𝟗𝟎
Now n(S)=
PROBABILITY
Since the sum of two numbers is even if the two numbers

𝐍𝐨𝐰 =
are both even or both odd.
n(A)= 𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟐 = 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟓
𝐧(𝐀) 𝟗𝟎 𝟗
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟏𝟗𝟎 .
=
P(A)=
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗

ii) The sum of two numbers is odd (Let , denoted by B) if

one number is even and the other number is odd.

∴n(B)=𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝐧(𝐁) 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎
∴P(B)= = =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟏𝟗𝟎 𝟏𝟗
 PROBABILITY
3) A game consists of tossing a coin 3 times and noting its
outcome. A boy wins if all tosses give the same
outcome and loses otherwise. Find the probability that
the boy loses the game.
Solution:
Let A be the event that the boy tosses the same

sample space. Now n(S)=𝟐𝟑 = 𝟖, n(A)=2.

outcome in three tosses(HHH or TTT) and S be the

𝟐
𝐍𝐨𝐰 P(A)= 𝐧(𝐀)
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟏
==
𝟖
. 𝟒
The probability that the boy loses the game
𝟏
=P(𝐀ഥ)=1-P(A)=1− = 𝟑
𝟒
. 𝟒
PROBABILITY
4) On a festival day, a man plans to visit 4 holy temples
A , B , C , D in a random order. Find the probability that he
visits i) A before B ii) A before B and B before C .
Solution:
i) Let E be the event that the man visits A before
B and S be the sample space.

Now n(S)=𝟒! = 𝐧(𝐄)

𝟐
= .𝟒!
!
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟒!/!
∴ 𝐏(𝐄) 𝟏 = =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟒!
= .
𝟐
PROBABILITY
ii) Let E be the event that the man visits A before B, B
before C and S be the sample space.

Now n(S)=𝟒! = 𝐧(𝐄)

𝟑
= .𝟒!
!
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟒!/!
∴ 𝐏(𝐄) 𝟏 = =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟒!
= .
𝟔
PROBABILITY
𝐧( 𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝟏
∴ 𝐏(𝐀) =𝐀) =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟎 𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟎 𝟕
= .
𝟑𝟑
ii) Let A be the event that both enter the different
sections and S be the sample space.

Now n(S)= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐂 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎×𝟗𝟗

�
=
𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟎,
n(A)= 𝟒𝟎𝐂𝟏× 𝟔𝟎𝐂𝟏=
𝟐 �

𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎.
𝐧(𝐀) 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎
∴ 𝐏(𝐀) 𝟏𝟔 = =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟎
= .
𝟑𝟑
PROBABILITY
5) Out of 100 students, two sections of 40 and 60 are
formed. If you and your friend are among the 100
students, find the probability that i) you both enter the
same section ii) you both enter the different sections.
Solution:
i) Let A be the event that both enter the same section
and S be the sample space.

Now n(S)= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐂 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎×𝟗𝟗

�
=
𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟎,
n(A)= 𝟒𝟎𝐂𝟐+ 𝐂 = 𝟒𝟎×𝟑𝟗 +
𝟐 �

𝟔𝟎 𝟐 𝟔𝟎×𝟓𝟗
= 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟎 + 𝟕𝟕𝟎 =
𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟎
PROBABILITY
M CQ :

1) Identify the wrong statement in the following:

(a) 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1

(b) P(E) + P(𝐄ത) = 1

(c) P(A 𝖴 𝐁) = P(A)+ P(B)

(d) The ratio P(E): P(𝐄ത) gives odds in favour of

event E
PROBABILITY
(2) When 2 coins are tossed at a time, then probability of
getting 2 heads is

(a) �𝟏
�

(b) �𝟏
�
𝟑
�
(c)
�
(d) 0
PROBABILITY
(3) When 2 dice are rolled together, then
probability of getting same number on both
th e dice is _
(a) 𝟑 (b) 𝟓
� �
� �
𝟑
(c) (d) 𝟏
� �
� �
PROBABILITY
(4) Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52
cards. The probability that one of them is black and the
other is red is
𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟐
(a) (b) (d
𝟓𝟏 𝟓𝟏 𝟐𝟎𝟒
(c) )
Hint:
n(S)= 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟐

n(E)= 𝟐𝟔𝐂 ×
𝟐𝟔𝐂𝟏
𝟏
P(E)=𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
)
PROBABILITY

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
1) What is the probability of obtaining two tails and one
head when three coins are tossed?
Solution:
3 coins tossed 

n(S)=2 3 =8 E = 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟

𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐄 = 𝐓𝐓𝐇,
𝐓𝐇𝐓,𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬
𝐇𝐓𝐓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝
 n(E)=3
𝐧(𝐄)

=𝟑
P(E)=
𝐧(𝐒)
𝟖
PROBABILITY
2) If 4 fair coins are tossed simultaneously, then find the
probability that 2 heads and 2 tails appear
Solution:
4 coins tossed  n(S)=2 4 =16

𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟
E = 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐬 =
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐇𝐇𝐓𝐓
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬 𝟒
𝐧(𝐄) =𝟒 !
𝟐!
=𝟔 !
𝟐!! !
𝟔
𝐧(𝐄)
P(E)= 𝐧(𝐒
=
𝟑
) =
PROBABILITY
3) A fair coin is tossed 200 times. Find the probability of
getting head an odd number of times.
Solution:

Coin is tossed 200 times

∴ 𝐧(𝐒) =× 𝟐 × 𝟐..... ×2(200 times)

⟹ 𝐧(𝐒) = 2 2 0 0
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐝𝐝
𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬
Let E=

Head can appear one time, 3 times, 5 times.....,199

times
PROBABILITY
⟹ 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐂 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐂
+......... + 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐂
𝟏 𝟑
𝟏𝟗𝟗

⟹ 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎−𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟗

𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
P(E)=
𝐧𝐂𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗
)+ 𝐧 + 𝐧 +
𝟐 𝐂
𝟑 𝐂
= 𝟓 𝐧−𝟏
𝟐𝟎𝟎
………….=𝟐
𝟐

𝟏
=
𝟐
PROBABILITY
4) What is the probability of throwing a total score of
seven with two dice?

𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 ⇒ 𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔

Solution:

𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐞
E=

E= 𝟏, , 𝟑, 𝟒, , 𝟓,
𝟐, 𝟔,
𝐧 𝐧(𝐄)= 𝟔 𝟔
𝐄 𝐧(𝐒 =
P(E)=
𝟑
𝟏
)
= �
𝟔 �
PROBABILITY
5) A single die is rolled twice in succession . What is the
probability that the number showing on the second
toss is greater than that on the first rolling?
Solution:

Die is rolled twice in succession n(S)=𝟔 ×6=36

𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
𝐨𝐟 𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐬
𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫
E=

𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐭
𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐰
PROBABILITY
(, ),
(, ),
𝐄 (, ), (, ),
= (, ), (, ),
(, ), (, ),
(, ), (, ),
(, ), (, ), (,
), (, ), (, )
n(E)=1+2+3+4+5=15

𝐧(𝐄) 𝟓
𝐧(𝐒 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟑 𝟏
P(E)= =
) 𝟔 𝟐
PROBABILITY
6) Ten dice are thrown. Find the probability that none of
the dices shows the number 1.
Solution:
𝟏 , 𝟐, 𝟑,
𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔
10 dice are thrown

n(S) = 6× 𝟔 ×.......6(10
times)
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐧𝐨𝐧𝐞
𝐄 n(S) = 𝟔
𝟏𝟎
𝐨𝐟
=
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞
⟹ 𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫
𝐄 =𝟏𝟓 × 𝟓 ×...... ×
𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬
PROBABILITY

= 𝟓𝟏𝟎
𝐄
𝐧

𝐧(𝐄) � 𝟏
P(E)= 𝐧(𝐒
= �𝟎
) �
�
PROBABILITY
7) A pair of dice rolled 24 times. A person wins by not
getting a pair of 6s on any of the 24 rolls. What is the
probability of his winning?
Solution:
𝐒
𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐞
=
𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝟒
𝐧(𝐒)𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬
= 𝟔 × 𝟔 × 𝟔 × 𝟔 ×......(24 times)

𝟐𝟒
n(S) =𝟑𝟔
Event E= Getting success
E=(not getting (6,6) at any 24 times)
PROBABILITY

But other than (6,6) with pair of dice can occur in 35

times

∴ 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟓 × 𝟑𝟓 ×. . . . . . . . . × 𝟑𝟓(𝟒 𝐭𝐢𝐦(𝟏𝐞,𝐬)), … . , (𝟏, )

(, ), … . , (, 𝟔)
𝟐𝟒 (, ), … . , (, 𝟔)
(, ), … . , (, 𝟔)
n(E) =𝟑𝟓
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟑𝟓𝟐 (, ), … . , (, 𝟔)
𝟑
𝟒 𝟐
𝐧(𝐒
(, ), (, ), (, ),
P(E)= =
𝟒
) 𝟔
(, ), (, )
𝟑 𝟐
= 𝟓 𝟒
𝟑
𝟔
 PROBABILITY
8) A and B toss a fair coin 50 times each simultaneously .
Then show that the probability that both of them will
not get tails at the same toss is (3/4) 50 .
Solution:
A,B tosses fair coin 50 times

S={HH,HT,TH,TT} (50 times)

n(S) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 ×...(50 times)

n(S) =𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥
𝟓𝟎
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄 = 𝐧𝐨𝐭
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬
𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥
PROBABILITY

But both will not get tail in 3 ways

E= {HH,HT,TH} ( 50
times )

⟹ 𝐧(𝐄) = × 𝟑 × 𝟑 ×.........( 𝟓𝟎
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬)

𝟑𝟓𝟎
𝐧(𝐄 𝟓𝟎 � 𝟓
�𝟎
=
n(E))𝐧(𝐒
P(E)= =𝟑
𝟒𝟓
=
) 𝟎 �
�
PROBABILITY
9) Find the probability that a non-leap year contains
i) 53 Sundays ii) 52 Sundays only

Solution:
non-leap year365 days

52 weeks & 1 day

𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐚𝐲
𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞
Sunday, Monday,
Tuesday,
Wednesday,
PROBABILITY
i) In order to get 53 Su nday, the remaining one day
should

 Required probability =𝟏� .

be Sunday. (i.e.), 1 favorable way among 7 possible ways.

�
i) In order to get 52 Sunday only , the remaining one
day should be other than Sunday. (i.e.),6 favorable
ways among 7 possible ways.

 Required probability =𝟔� .

�
PROBABILITY
10) If a number x is selected from natural numbers 1 to
100, find the probability for x+𝟏𝟎𝟎 > 29.
𝐱
Solution:

A number is selected from the

natural numbers from 1 to 100.

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐂 =100
n(S)=
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞
𝟏

𝐄 𝐬𝐥𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫
𝐱 𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐱 +
= �
𝟏𝟎𝟎
> 𝟐𝟗 �
PROBABILITY
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟐 +
𝐍𝐨𝐰 𝐱 + > ⟹ >
𝟐𝟗 𝟎𝟎�
𝟐𝟗
�

⟹ 𝐱𝟐 − 𝟐𝟗𝐱 + 𝟎𝟎
� �
>𝟎

⟹ 𝐱 − 𝟒 𝐱 − 𝟐𝟓
>𝟎

𝐨⟹ 𝐱x=<26,27,........,100
𝟒 𝐨𝐫 𝐱
𝐫> 𝟐𝟓
x=1,2,3

𝟑 𝟕𝟓
𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
PROBABILITY
n(E) =3+75=78.
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟕
𝟑𝟗
𝟖
𝟏𝟎 = 𝟓
P(E)=

𝐧(𝐒) 𝟎 𝟎
=
PROBABILITY
11) A number is picked from 1 to 20, both inclusive. Find
the probability that it is a prime.
Solution:
A number is selected from numbers 1 to 20.
n(S)= 𝟐𝟎𝐂 =20
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄
𝟏

𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
=
𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐚
𝐄 = 𝟐, , , , 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞
𝟏, 𝟑,
𝟕, 𝟗
n(E) =8
𝟖
P(E)= 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
𝟐
𝟐 �
=
) 𝟎
=
�
PROBABILITY
12) A page is opened arbitrarily from a book of 200 pages.
What is the probability that the number on the page is a
perfect square?
Solution:
A page is selected arbitrarily from
a book of 200 pages
=200
n(S)=
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐂𝟏 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐧
= 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐚
𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞
PROBABILITY

= ൛𝟏𝟐 , 𝟐𝟐 , 𝟑𝟐 ,−−−−−−−−−
𝐄

−−
− − 𝟏𝟒𝟐ൟ
196
1

𝟏𝟒
n(E)=𝟕 14
𝟐𝟎𝟎
P(E)= =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
PROBABILITY
SAQ S

𝟎, experiment.
,, .
1)Suppose S= is the sample space of a random
𝟏
Define P(0)=0, P(1)=0,P(2)=𝟏𝟐 , P(3)=𝟏 , 𝐏() �
=
Then show that P defines a probability 𝟒function. �

Solution:
Given S =
𝟎, , , ,
P 𝟐 = P =�
𝟏

� 𝟑
�
P 𝟎 = 𝟎, P 𝟏
𝟏
,
=and
𝟎, 𝟏
�
=�
P 𝟒 �
PROBABILITY
(𝐢) 𝐎𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 𝐩 𝐄 ≥ 𝟎, 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐄
⊆𝐒

Thus axiom of non-negativity is satisfied

𝟏 𝟏
⟹𝐏 𝐒 =+
(ii) Also P(S)=P(0)+P(1)+P(2)+P(3)+P(4)
𝟏
𝟐 𝟒
+ + +
𝟒
⟹𝐏 𝐒 =𝟏

Axiom of certainity is satisfied

PROBABILITY
(iii) If A,B  S and A∩B= ∅,
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧
=෍ 𝐏 𝐚 +෍ = 𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁)
𝐏(𝐀 𝖴 𝐁) =෍ 𝐏 𝐏 𝐚 (∵A∩B=∅ )
𝐚 𝐚∈𝐀 𝐚
∈𝐁
𝐚 ∈ (𝐀
Axiom 𝖴of𝐁)additivity is satisfied

Hence, P is a probability function.

PROBABILITY
2) A bag contains 4 red, 5 black and 6 blue balls. What is
the probability that two balls drawn simultaneously
are one red and one black?
Solution:

No. of balls=4 red + 5 black+6 blue

15 balls

=
2 balls are drawn  n(S)

𝟏𝟓𝐂𝟐=𝟏𝟎𝟓
PROBABILITY
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄
𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐞
=
𝟏 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐝, 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤
= 𝟒𝐂𝟏 × 𝟓𝐂𝟏
𝐧(𝐄)

= 𝟐𝟎

𝐧(𝐄) 𝟐 𝟒
We have P(E)= 𝐧(𝐒
= 𝟎
𝟏𝟎
=
𝟐
) 𝟓 𝟏
PROBABILITY
3) A bag contains 12 two rupee coins, 7 one rupee coins
and 4 half a rupee coins. If three coins are selected at
random then find the probability that
i) The sum of the three coins is maximum,
ii) The sum of the three coins is minimum,
iii) Each coin is of different value

Solution:

Total coins = 12+7+4=23

3 coins selected n(S) = 𝟐𝟑𝐂𝟑
 PROBABILITY
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐦
𝐢)𝐋𝐞𝐭
𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐬
𝐄
𝟏 =
𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐨𝐟
𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦
𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
⟹ 𝟏 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐬
𝐄
𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟
⟹ =
𝐫𝐮𝐩𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
𝐧 𝐄𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟑

𝐧(𝐄 𝟏𝟐𝐂
)𝐧(𝐒𝟏 𝟐
=
𝟑 𝐂
𝟑
Now P(E1)=
) 𝟑
PROBABILITY
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐦
𝐢𝐢)𝐋𝐞 𝟐 =
𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐬
𝐭𝐄
𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐨𝐟
𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦
𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
⟹ 𝟐 = 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐬
𝐄
𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 /
𝐫𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞

⟹ 𝐧(𝐄𝐧 𝐄𝟐 = =𝟒𝐂𝟒𝐂𝟑
Now P(E2)= )𝐧(𝐒𝟐 𝟐 𝐂
𝟑𝟑
) 𝟑
PROBABILITY
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐢𝐢𝐢)𝐋𝐞
𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭
𝐭𝐄
�=

𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐟
�

𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
One from each category

⟹ = 𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟏 × 𝟒𝐂𝟏 ×
𝐧 𝐄𝟑 𝟕𝐂 𝟏
𝐧(𝐄𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟏× 𝟒𝐂 𝟏 ×
Now )𝐧(𝐒 = 𝟐𝟑𝐂
𝟕𝐂 𝟏
3
P(E )= )
𝟑
 PROBABILITY
4) Out of 30 consecutive integers two are drawn at
random. Then what is the probability that their sum is
odd?
Solution:

𝟎
𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐢
𝐯𝐞
= 15 odd + 15 even

2𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐬
integers are selected from given 30 integers

⟹ = 𝟑𝟎𝐂 = 𝟑𝟎×𝟐𝟗
�
𝐧 𝐒
=
𝟐
15×29 �
PROBABILITY
𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄
𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡
=
𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐨𝐝𝐝
one odd & one even

⟹ = 𝟏𝟓𝐂𝟏 × 𝟏𝟓𝐂𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓
𝐧 𝐄 × 𝟏𝟓

𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏𝟓×𝟏𝟓
= =
𝟏𝟓
P(E)=

𝐧(𝐒)
𝟏𝟓×𝟐𝟗
𝟐𝟗
PROBABILITY
5) Twenty persons, among whom A and B, sit at random
along a round table. Find the probability that there are
any 6 persons between A and B.
Solution:
20 persons ( includes A and B) are seated around a table
𝟐𝟎𝐏𝟐𝟎
⟹𝐧 𝐒 =
= 𝟏𝟗!
𝟐
𝟎
⟹𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟎 − ! 𝐫)
(𝐨

= 𝟏𝟗!
𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐥𝐲
𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐭
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄 =
𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐀
PROBABILITY

Excluding A,B  18 persons

Select 6 from 18  𝟏𝟖𝐂𝟔

𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬

6 arranged between A,B 

6 ! Interchange
Now A,B  2 ways
6 persons along
with A,B  One unit

unit + other 12 persons  13 items

PROBABILITY
=
𝟏𝟑𝐏𝟏𝟑
𝟏
𝟏𝟐!
13 items around table 
𝟑

𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐫𝐮𝐥𝐞 ⟹ 𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟏𝟖𝐂𝟔 ×

𝟔! × 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐!
= ! × 𝟔! × 𝟐 ×
𝟏𝟖
𝟔!
𝟏𝟐! 𝟏𝟐!

= 𝟏𝟖!
𝟐
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟐
𝐧(𝐒 = 𝟏𝟗 𝟏
P(E)= =
) 𝟐.𝟖!
! 𝟗
PROBABILITY
6) In a box containing 15 bulbs, 5 are defective. If 5 bulbs
are selected at random from the box, find the probability
of the event, that i) none of them is defective
ii) Only one of them is defective
iii) At least one of them is defective

Solution:
15 bulbs=5 defective +10 good

𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐛𝐬 ⟹𝐧 𝐒
𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 =
𝐚𝐭 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐦 𝟏𝟓𝐂𝟓
PROBABILITY
𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐧𝐨𝐧𝐞
𝐢) 𝟏 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄
=
𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐬
𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
all 5 are good bulbs

⟹ 𝐧 𝐄𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟓
𝐧(𝐄𝟏)
𝟏𝟐
𝐧(𝐒 = =
𝟏𝟓𝐂𝟓
P(E)=
)
𝟏𝟒𝟑
PROBABILITY
𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲
𝐢𝐢) 𝟐 = 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐛 𝐢𝐬
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄
𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠

1 defective & 4 good

⟹ = 𝟓𝐂𝟏 ×
𝐧 𝐄𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟒
𝐧(𝐄
Now P(E 2)= ) 𝟐
𝐧(𝐒
)

𝟓𝐂𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟒

= 𝟓𝟎 =
𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟒𝟑
PROBABILITY
𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞
𝐢𝐢𝐢)
𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐛 𝐢𝐬
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄
=
𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐨𝐧𝐞
𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠
�= 𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐛 𝐢𝐬
ത 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠
�
all 5 are good

⟹ = 𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟓
𝐧 𝐄ത 𝟏𝟎𝐂
 P(𝐄ത)=𝐧(𝐒 𝟏𝟓𝐂
𝟓
𝐧(𝐄ത) ) =
𝟓
PROBABILITY

But P(E)+ P(𝐄ത)

=1

P(E) =1-P(𝐄ത)𝟏𝟎𝐂

𝟏 − 𝟏𝟓𝐂
P(E) = 𝟓

𝟓 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟑𝟏
P(E) =
𝟏− =
𝟏𝟒𝟑
𝟏𝟒𝟑
 PROBABILITY
7) Two squares are chosen at random on a chess board.
Then show that the probability that they have a side in
common is 1/18.
Solution:
Chess board consists 64 squares

2 squares are selected at random

𝟔𝟒 ×
⟹𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟔𝟑 = 𝟑𝟐 ×
�
𝟔𝟒𝐂𝟐 = 𝟔𝟑
�
PROBABILITY
No. of favorable cases
𝟒𝐂 𝟐 +
𝟑𝐂 +𝟑𝟔𝐂 𝟒𝐂
𝐂𝟏
𝟏 𝟐𝟒𝐂𝟏 � 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
n(E) =
�
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
Now P(E)=
)

𝟏
𝟏
P(E)=
𝟖
PROBABILITY

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
Addition theorem on Probability:
P When events are not mutually exclusive (Disjoint)
Case 1.
( = 1- P(A)
1. P(A)
A
∩
2. P(AB)=
B P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B)
)
3. P(A∩B) = P(A) – P(A∩B)
=
4. P(A ∩B) = P(B) – P(A∩B)
P

P(AA ∩ B ) = P(A 𝖴 B ) = 1- P(A U B)

(
5.
)
 PROBABILITY
1. P(A𝖴B𝖴 𝐂)= P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(A∩B)-P(B∩C)-P(C∩A)
+P(A∩B∩C)

 Case- 2 . When events are

Mutually exclusive or Disjoint.
1. P(A U B)= P(A)+P(B)
2. P(A∩B) = P(A)
3. P( ⃑A ∩B) = P(B)
4. P(A𝖴 B𝖴 𝐂)= P(A)+P(B)+P(C)
 PROBABILITY
Theoretic Representation of an EVENT in SET

1. Not happening of event A = A

2. At least one of A or B, either A or B happening = A U B
3. A and B happening together or simultaneously = A ∩ B
4. A happen but not B , only A happening = A ∩ B
5. B happen but not A , only B happening = A ∩ B
6. Neither A nor B happening = A ∩ B
7. Exactly one of A & B happens = ( A ∩ B ) U (A ∩ B)

For Three sets

1. Only A happens = A ∩ B ∩ C
2. Both A & B happens but not C happen = A∩B∩C
3. All the three events happen together = A∩B∩C
4. At least one occur, either one of A or B or C = A U B U C
 PROBABILITY
5. Exactly one happen no more happen = (A∩B∩C)U(A∩B∩C)U(A∩B∩C)
6. At least two happen = (A ∩ B) U (B ∩ C) U (C ∩ A)
7. Exactly any two happen = (A∩B∩C)U(A∩B∩C)U(A∩B∩C)
8. Not more than two happen = (A ∩ B) U (B ∩ C) U (C ∩ A) - (A∩B∩C)
9. None of them happen = (A∩B∩C) = (A U B U C)
 PROBABILITY
Solved Problems:
1) In an experiment of drawing a card from a pack , the
event of getting a spade is denoted by A and getting a

the probabilities of A,B,A∩B,A𝖴 𝐁.

pictured card (king, queen or jack) is denoted by B. Find

Solution:
PROBABILITY
2. Suppose A and B are events with P(A)=0.5, P(B)=0.4 and P(A∩ 𝐁)=0.3.
Find the probability that
i. A does not occur
ii. neither A nor B occurs.
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY

Jee 2008
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY

Jee-2002
PROBABILITY
2) From the employees of a com pany , 5 persons are
selected to represent them in the managing committee
of th e c ompany. The particulars of 5 persons are as
follows
S.No. Name Sex Age in years
1 Harish M 30
2 Rohan M 33

3 Sheetala F 46
4 Alis F 28
5 Salim 41
A person is selectedMat random from this group to act as a
spokesperson.
PROBABILITY
Find the probability that the spokesperson will be either
male or above 35 years.
Solution:
Let A be the event that the spokesperson will be man and
B be the event that the spokesperson will be the person
above 35 years and S be the sample space.

Now n(S)=5, n(A)=3, n(B)=2,

n(A∩B)=1
� 𝟏
P(A)=𝟓 , 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟑
=, 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ �
𝐁)Now
= 𝟓P(A𝖴B)= P(A)+P(B)-
�
�

= 𝟓+ 𝟓−𝟓 =
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
P(A∩B)
𝟒 𝟓.
PROBABILITY
3) If P is a probability function, then show that for any two
events A and B,
P(A∩B)P(A) P(A𝖴B) P(A) +P(B)
Solution:
A∩B A P(A∩B)P(A)

A  A B  P(A)  P(AB)
P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B) P(A)
+P(B)

P(A∩B) P(A)  P(AB)  P(A)

+P(B)
PROBABILITY
4) The probability of 3 mutually exclusive events are
𝟏 𝟏
respectively given as 𝟏+𝐩 𝟑
, , 𝟐 . 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭
𝟏−𝐩 𝟏−𝐩
𝟒 𝟑
≤
𝐩≤ 𝟐
. et A , B , C be the events that such that P(A)= 𝐩 ,
Solution: 𝟏+
�
L

P(B)=𝟏−𝐩 ,P(C)=𝟏−𝐩
�
� �

𝐍𝐨𝐰 ≤ 𝐏(𝐀) ≤ 𝟏 ⇒ 𝟎 �≤ 𝟏+𝐩

� �

≤𝟏
⇒ 𝟎 ≤ 𝟏 + 𝐩 ≤ 𝟑 ⇒ −≤
�

𝟑𝐩 ≤ 𝟐 𝟏
⇒ −𝟐 ≤ 𝐩 ≤ →
� �
(𝟏)
� �
PROBABILITY
𝐰𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 ≤ 𝐏(𝐁) ≤ 𝟏 ⇒ 𝟎
𝟒
≤ 𝟏−𝐩 ≤ 𝟏
⇒ 𝟎 ≤ 𝟏 − 𝐩 ≤ 𝟒 ⇒ 𝟎 ≥ 𝐩 − 𝟏 ≤ − ⇒ 𝟏 ≥ 𝐩 ≥ −𝟑 ⇒ −≤
𝐩 ≤ 𝟏𝐰𝐞
𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 → ()𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 ≤ 𝐏(𝐂) ≤ 𝟏
�
⇒𝟎≤ 𝟏−𝐩
≤𝟏
⇒ 𝟎 ≤ 𝟏 − 𝐩 ≤ 𝟐 ⇒ 𝟎 ≥ 𝟐𝐩
�

−𝟏≥−

⇒ 𝟏 ≥ 𝟐𝐩 ≥ − ⇒ −𝟏 ≤ 𝟐𝐩
≤𝟏

⇒ −𝟏/≤ 𝐩 ≤ 𝟏/→ (𝟑)

We know 0 P(ABC) 1
PROBABILITY
∵ 𝐀, 𝐁, 𝐂 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲
⇒ 0 P(A)+P(B)
𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞
𝟏+𝐩 𝟏−𝐩 𝟏−𝐩 ⟹ 𝐏(𝐀𝐁𝐂) = 𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁)
+P(C)1
⇒𝟎 ≤ 𝟑 + +𝟐 ≤
+ 𝐏(𝐂)
⇒𝟎≤𝟒 𝟏+𝐩 +𝟑 𝟏−𝐩
𝟒
𝟏
+
𝟏 𝟔 𝟏 − 𝟐𝐩 ≤
⇒ 𝟎 ≤ 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟐𝐩 + −𝐏 + −𝟐𝐏 ≤ 𝟏𝟐
𝟐
⇒ 𝟎 ≤ 𝟏𝟑 − 𝐩 ≤ 𝟏𝟐 ⇒ 𝟎 ≥ 𝟑𝐩 − 𝟑 ≥
−𝟏𝟐
⇒ 𝟏𝟑 ≥ 𝟑𝐩 ⇒ 𝟏𝟑/≥ 𝐩
≥𝟏 ≥ 𝟏/
⇒ 𝟏/≤ 𝐩 ≤ 𝟏𝟑/→ (𝟒)
(1), (2), (3), (4) hold simultaneously
⇒ 𝟏/≤ 𝐩 ≤ 𝟏/𝟐.
PROBABILITY
MCQ
𝟖
1) A And B Are 2 E ven ts such that P(A∩B)=𝟐 𝟑 , 𝐏(𝐁 𝟐
− 𝐀) = 𝟓 𝟓

�
𝐚 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
then P(B)=
𝟐𝟓
𝟏
𝐛) 𝐜) 𝟏 𝟐�
)
𝟏𝟏 𝐝) 𝟏 𝟓
Solution:
𝐀
∩𝐁
S
A
Hint: B

P(B)=P(A∩B)+P(B-A) by
usi𝐀ഥn∩g 𝐁
venn or B-A

di𝐀ag∩r𝐁ഥam
PROBABILITY

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
1) Find P(𝐀ഥ)+P(𝐁ഥ) if P(A⋃𝐁)=0.65,
P(A⋂𝐁)=0.15
Solution:
𝐁) 𝐁)
=. 𝟓, P(A∩+𝐁) =. 𝟓
= 𝐏(𝐀)
𝐏(𝐁) −
Given
We P(A𝖴
know, P(A𝖴

𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
0.65= 𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁)−. 𝟓
𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) = 𝟎.

 1-P(𝐀ഥ) + 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐁ഥ) =.

 2 - 0.8=P(𝐀ഥ) + 𝐏(𝐁ഥ)P(𝐀ഥ) +
𝐏(𝐁ഥ) = 𝟏.
 PROBABILITY

P(B)=0.4 and P(A∩ 𝐁)=0.3. Find the probability that

2) Suppose A and B are events with P(A)=0.5,

i) A does not occur ii) neither A nor B occurs.

Solution:

Given P(𝐀) =. ,P(𝐁) =. ,P(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) =.

i) Probability (A does not occur)

= P 𝐀ഥ
= -P 𝐀
= -0.5
= 0.5
PROBABILITY

ii) Probability (neither A nor B occur)

= P 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ

= P 𝐀𝖴𝐁

= 1-P 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁

= − 𝐏 𝐀

+𝐏 𝐁

−𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁

= − 𝟎. +𝟎. 𝟒 − 𝟎. 𝟑
 PROBABILITY
3) The probability for a contractor to get a road contract
is 2/3 and to get a building contract is 5/9. The
probability to get at least one contract is 4/5. Find
the probability that he gets both the contracts.
Solution:
𝟐
Pr (getting road contract) =P(R) = �
�

𝟓
Pr (getting building contract) =P(B) = �
�
PROBABILITY
Pr (getting at least one contract) =P(R𝖴B) =𝟒�
�
R (or) B
Pr (getting both the contracts) =P(R ∩B)
=?

R and B

𝐏 𝐑𝖴𝐁 =𝐏 𝐑 +𝐏 𝐁
Addition theorem gives

−𝐏 𝐑∩𝐁
𝟐 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟓 − 𝟑𝟔
⟹ 𝐏 𝐑 ∩ 𝐁 𝟏𝟗 = 𝐏 𝐑 +𝐏 𝐁
−
=𝐏 𝐁 = =𝟒
𝟑 +𝐑𝟗 𝖴
−𝟓
𝟓
𝟒𝟓
PROBABILITY
4) If A and B are two events, then show that
𝐀
S

P(A-B) = P(A) - P(A∩B) A ∩𝐁 B

Solution:
A-B B-A
A,B are two events

(A-B),(A∩ 𝐁)
Figure A is union of regions

disjoint
⟹
= 𝐏 𝐀−𝐁 𝖴
𝐏 𝐀 𝐀
∩ 𝐁= 𝐏 𝐀 − (∵Axiom of additivity)
𝐁 +𝐏 𝐀∩
𝐁
PROBABILITY

⟹ 𝐏 𝐀− 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 =
𝐏 𝐀−𝐁
⟹𝐏 𝐀−𝐁 =𝐏 𝐀
−𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁
PROBABILITY
5) If A and B are two events,
then show that th e probability that exactly
one of them occurs, is given by
P(A) + P(B) - 2P(A∩B)
Solution:
A,B are two
one events.
= (A∩ 𝐁ഥ) (or) (𝐀ഥ
Exactly

∩ 𝐁)
occurs in A,B
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐧
𝐀, 𝐁 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐬
Probability

= P (A∩ 𝐁ഥ) + P(𝐀ഥ ∩

𝐁) (i)
PROBABILITY
Figure A is union of regions 𝐀∩𝐁

(A∩ 𝐁ഥ ), (𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
S
A B

(A∩ 𝐁ഥ ) 𝐀ഥ ∩
disjoint
𝐁)

⟹𝐏 𝐀 = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁ഥ 𝖴 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁

= 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁ഥ +𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁

⟹𝐏 𝐀 −𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁ഥ

⟹ 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁ഥ = 𝐏 𝐀 − 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁  (𝐢𝐢)
PROBABILITY
𝐀
∩𝐁
Figure B is union of regions
(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) ,
S A B

𝐀ഥ disjoint
∩𝐁 ) 𝐀ഥ
⟹𝐏 𝐁 = 𝐏 𝖴 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁)
(A∩
𝐁ഥ)
𝐀∩𝐁
= 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁∩ 𝐁+
𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁
⇒ 𝐏 𝐁− 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 =
𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁

⇒𝐏 𝐁 −𝐏 𝐀∩→
𝐁 = 𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁 (𝐢𝐢𝐢)
PROBABILITY

Now (ii), (iii) in (i) gives

𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐧
𝐀, 𝐁 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐬
Probability

=P(A)-P(A∩ 𝐁) + P(B) -P(𝐀

∩ 𝐁)

=P(A)+ P(B) - 2P(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)

PROBABILITY
6) For any two events A and B, show that
P(𝐀𝒄 ∩ 𝐁𝒄) = 1+ P(A∩B) - P(A) - P(B)

P(𝐀𝒄 ∩ 𝐁𝒄 ) = P(𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ)

Solution:

= P(𝐀 𝖴 𝐁)
= 1- P(𝐀 𝖴 𝐁)

= 1- ሼ𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) −
𝐏(𝐀 ∩
𝐁)ሽ
𝐁
= 1-𝐏(𝐀) − 𝐏(𝐁) +
𝐏(𝐀) ∩
 PROBABILITY
SAQ
1) A and B are seeking admission into IIT. If the
probability for A to be selected is 0.5 and that of both
to be selected is 0.3. Is it possible that, the probability
of B to be selected is 0 . 9 ?
Solution:
Pr (A is selected )= P(A)=0.5

Pr (both A, B are selected)=P(A∩ 𝐁)=0.3

PROBABILITY
We know P(A𝖴 𝐁)
≤𝟏
⟹ 𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀
∩≤𝐁)
𝟏
⟹ 𝟎. +𝐏(𝐁) − 𝟎. ≤ 𝟏
⟹ 𝐏(𝐁) ≤ 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟐
⟹ 𝐏(𝐁) ≤ 𝟎. 𝟖

∴ 𝐏(𝐁) = 𝟎. 𝟗 is not
possible
PROBABILITY
2) Find the probability of drawing an ace or a spade from a
well shuffled pack of 52 cards?
Solution:
E 1 , E 2 are events of drawing an ace, drawing a spade
Now P(E 1 orE 2 )= P(E 1 𝖴E 2 )=?

𝟒𝐂 𝟏 =
𝟒
But P(E1)=pr (Drawing ace)
= 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟓𝟐
𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟏
Also P(E2)=Pr (Drawing a spade)
=
𝟏𝟑
=
𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝟓𝟐
PROBABILITY
We have P(E 1 ∩E2 ) = Pr (Drawing ace and spade)
𝟏𝐂 𝟏
𝟏
= Probability (Drawing spade ace card) 𝟓𝟐𝐂 =𝟓
𝟐
= 𝟏

From Addition theorem

𝐏(𝐄𝟏 𝖴 𝐄𝟐) = 𝐏(𝐄𝟏𝟒) + 𝟏𝟑
𝐏(𝐄𝟐) − 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ∩ 𝐄𝟐)
= 𝟏 +
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
−
𝟓𝟐
𝟏 �
= 𝟔 = �
𝟓 𝟏
𝟐 𝟑
PROBABILITY
3) In a class of 60 boys and 20 girls. Half of the boys and
half of the girls know cricket. Find the probability of
the event that a person selected from the class is
either ‘a boy’ or ‘a girl’ who knows cricket’.
Solution:
Class consists 60 boys, 20 girls
( 80 students)

Cricket known to
40
half of boys, half of students
girls
30 boys 10 boys
PROBABILITY
E 1 = event of selecting boy
E 2 = event of selecting girls who knows cricket
To find : P(E 1 or E 2 )=? (i.e) P(E 1 E 2 )=?

=𝟎 , =𝟎
𝟔 �𝟏 𝟔 𝟏 �𝟏 𝟏
P(E 1)=𝟎 𝟎 �
𝟖𝟎𝐂 𝟖𝟎𝐂
𝟖 P(E )=
2
𝟖
�

𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
𝐁𝐨𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥 𝐰𝐡𝐨
𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐬
Also P(E 1 E 2 )=Pr

𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭
=P() =0
 PROBABILITY
From addition theorem P(E 1 E 2 ) = P(E1) + P(E2) - P(E 1  E 2 )
𝟔𝟎
= 𝟏𝟎+
𝟖𝟎
−𝟎
𝟖𝟎
= 𝟕𝟎
𝟖
𝟎
=𝟕
𝟖
 PROBABILITY
4) A , B , C are three horses in a race. The probability of A to
win the race is twice that of B, and the probability of B
is twice that of C . what are the probability of A,B and C
to win the race?
Solution:
Race won by any one of A , B , C

Given data  P(A) = 2P(B),P(B)= 2P(C)

𝟏
𝟏
� � P(B)
 P(A) = P(B), = P(C) (i)
� �
Now S = A or B or C

 P(S) = P(ABC)
PROBABILITY
(∵ 𝐀, 𝐁, 𝐂 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲
𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞)
 1=P(A)+P(B)+P(C)(ii)
 (i) in (ii)  P(A)+ 𝟏 P(A)+ 𝟏 P(B)=1
𝟐
𝟐

 P(A)+ 𝟏 P(A)+𝟏 . 𝟏P(A)=1

𝟐
 𝟏+
𝟏
𝟏 𝟐
𝟐
+
P(A)=1
𝟒 𝟐

𝟕� P(A)=1
�
 P(A)=𝟒�
�
PROBABILITY
Now P(A)=𝟒� in (i) gives
�𝟏 𝟒
P(B) = ( ) , P(C)=𝟏
𝟐 𝟕
P(B)
𝟐

P(B) =𝟐 , P(C) =𝟏
(𝟐)
𝟕
𝟐
𝟐 𝟏
P (C) are 𝟕, 𝟕, 𝟏respectively.
𝟕 𝟒
𝟐
Thus P (A), P (B),
𝟕 = ( )
𝟕
P(B) = , P(C)

𝟕
PROBABILITY
5) In a committee of 25 members, each member is
proficient either in mathematics or in statistics or in
both. If 19 of these are proficient in mathematics,16 in
statistics find the probability that a person selected
from the committee is proficient in both.
Solution:
Committee consists of 25 members
Each member is proficient either
in maths or in statistics

Event A Event B
𝟐𝟓
Now n(AB)= 25 and P(AB)=
𝟐
=1
𝟓
PROBABILITY
But 19 are proficient in Maths and 16 are proficient in
Statistics 𝟏𝟗 𝟏
 P (A) = , P (B) 𝟔
𝟐𝟓
=
𝟐𝟓
 P(AB)=
Addition P(A) + P(B)-P (AB)
Theorem
𝟏𝟗 𝟏𝟔
−𝟏
 P(A  B)=P(A) + P(B)-P (A  B)
= +
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓

𝟑𝟓−𝟓
=
𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟐
= 𝟐 = �
𝟓 �
 PROBABILITY
6) If one ticket is randomly selected from tickets
numbers 1 to 30, then find the probability that the
number on the ticket is
(i) a multiple of 5 or 7 (ii) a multiple of 3 or 5
Solution:
30 tickets are numbered 1 to 30

 n(s) = 𝟑𝟎𝐂
One ticket is selected at random
= 30
𝟏

𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐢𝐬

𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬
(i) E 1 =
𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐫
𝟓,𝟎,𝟓,𝟎,
𝟓,𝟎
 E1 = n(E 1) =10
𝟕,𝟒,𝟏,𝟖
 PROBABILITY
𝟏
𝐧(𝐄 𝟏𝟎
 P(E 1) = )𝐧(𝐬) =𝟏𝟑𝟎 =
𝟑
𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐧
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐢𝐬
(ii) E 2 =
𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐫
𝟑,,,𝟐,𝟓,𝟖,𝟏,𝟒,
𝟕,𝟎
 E2 =
𝟓,𝟎,𝟓,𝟎,𝟓,𝟎
𝐁𝐮𝐭 𝟓, 𝟎 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝
𝐭𝐰𝐢𝐜𝐞, 𝐬𝐨 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞
𝐧(𝐄 𝟏𝟒 𝟕
By defn  P(E 2) = ) 𝟏 = =
 n(E2) =14𝐧(𝐬) 𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟓
PROBABILITY
7) If P (A) = 0.3, P (B)= 0.4, P (C)= 0.8, P (AB)= 0.08,
P (AC)= 0.28, P (AB C)= 0.09, P (AB C) 

th en show th at P (BC ) lies in [𝟎. 𝟑, . 𝟖]

0.75,

Solution:
We know P (AB C)  𝟏(𝐢)
Given P (AB C)  0.75
 . 𝟓  𝐏 (𝐀𝐁 𝐂) → (𝐢𝐢)
Now (i),(ii)  . 𝟓  𝐏(𝐀𝐁 𝐂)  1

 𝟎. 𝟓  𝐏 (𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) + 𝐏(𝐂) − 𝐏 (𝐀𝐁) - 𝐏 (𝐁𝐂) - 𝐏

(𝐂𝐀) +
𝐏 (𝐀𝐁𝐂)
PROBABILITY

 . 𝟓  𝟎. 𝟑+. +. − 𝐏 (𝐁𝐂) − . 𝟖
+.𝟗𝟏
 . 𝟓  𝟏. 𝟑 − 𝐏
(𝐁𝐂)𝟏

Multiply by ‘- 1’

 − 𝟎. 𝟓  𝐏 (𝐁𝐂) −
𝟏. 𝟑  −
Adding 1.23, we get
 1.23 – 0.75  𝐏
(𝐁𝐂) 𝟎. 𝟑
8) A , B , C are three news papers published from a city. 20 %
PROBABILITY

of the population read A, 16 % read B, 14% read C,8%

read both A and B, 5% read both A and C,4% read both B
and C and 2% read all the three. Find the percentage of
the population who read at least one news paper

Solution:
𝟐𝟎 𝟏 �
P (A) = 𝟏𝟔 ,
𝟏𝟎𝟎
P (B) = P (C) = 𝟒
𝟏𝟎
, P
𝟏𝟎
�
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎 (AB)= 𝟎

� � �
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
P (AC) = � , P (BC) = � , P (AB C) = �
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
PROBABILITY
Population who reads at least one news paper

(i.e) A or B or C is ABC

We know P (ABC)= P (A)+P (B)+ P (C) – P(AB) - P(B C)

- P(C A)+ P (A  B  C)
+ + − − +
𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝟖 𝟒 �
𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
−
= �
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟎+ 𝟔+𝟒−−
= −+ 𝟏𝟎
𝟎
=𝟓𝟐−𝟕
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟑𝟓
= 𝟑𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
35% population reads at least one news papers
 PROBABILITY
A
Note: B
9 6 6
2
Let us find the population who reads 3 2

(i) Paper A exclusively 7

(ii) Paper B exclusively C

(iii) Paper C exclusively

First fix  2% reads all 3 in figure.

(i) exclusively A  9%
(ii) exclusively B  6%
(iii) exclusively C  7%
PROBABILITY

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
CONDITIONAL E VE NT :

A,B are 2 events such that happening of B is after the

𝐁
�
𝐨𝐫
𝐁/𝐀. 𝐁
happening of A, this is denoted by
𝐍𝐨𝐰� 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬
𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭.
�

𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨� 𝐁 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐁
𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧
� 𝐀.
PROBABILITY
𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐀
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭
𝐰𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲, 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐁
𝐁

𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨
𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐬
𝐀. 𝐟𝐨𝐫 , 𝐰𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐀 𝐚𝐬 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐁 𝐢𝐬
�
𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
𝐁
� 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧.

𝐁
𝐒𝐨, 𝐰𝐞 =
𝐧(𝐀𝐁)
𝐧(
𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐏
𝐀 𝐀)
PROBABILITY
CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY (Definition) :
A,B are 2 events such that the probability of happening of
B is after the event A, denoted by �𝐁 𝐨𝐫
𝐁/𝐀 �
Now we define P 𝐁 =𝐧(𝐀
∩ 𝐁)
=𝐏(𝐀
𝐏(
𝐀∩ 𝐁) 𝐧(𝐀)

𝐀)
(formula)
J u s t as above P 𝐀 𝐧(𝐀
∩ 𝐁)
=

𝐁 𝐧(𝐁)
𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
= 𝐏(𝐁
)
(formula)
PROBABILITY
INDEPENDENT E V E N TS :
Two or more events are such that happening or non –
happening of one of them does not influences the other,
then those events are said to be independent events
Note:
Events which are not independent are always
dependent events
Note:

Also A,B are independent events

 𝐀 =A ; 𝐁 =B
𝐁 𝐀
PROBABILITY
𝐏(𝐀∩𝐁)
𝐏
� 𝐁 𝐏(𝐀∩𝐁)
� 𝐏(
𝐏
= =P(B)  =
�
𝐀 𝐏(𝐁) 𝐀)
P(A), � P(A), =P(B)
On cross multiplication we get
𝐏(𝐀𝐁) = 𝐏(𝐀) 𝐏(𝐁)
RULE:
(𝟏)𝐀, 𝐁 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬
 𝐏(𝐀𝐁) = 𝐏(𝐀) 𝐏(𝐁)

(𝟐)𝐀, 𝐁, 𝐂 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭

𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬
PROBABILITY
MULTIPLICATION T H EO R E M :
Let A,B be any 2 events such that P(A)0 , P(B)0;
then
multiplication
P (A B) = P theorem states that
𝐀
𝐁
(i)
�
(A)
(ii) P (A B) = P �
�
(B) PROOF: �
PROBABILITY
Addition theorem for independent events:
Let A 1 A 2 . . . . . . . . A n be independent events with respective
probabilities p 1 , p 2 . . . . . . . . , p n .
Now probability of happening of at least one in A 1 , A 2 ,
. . . . . . . . , A n is given by
P(A 1 A 2 .....  An)
= 1- (1- p1) (1- p 2 )........ (1- pn)
PROBABILITY
E x : The probabilities of solving a problem by three
students A ,B ,C independen tly are 𝟑𝟏 ,𝟒 ,𝟓𝟏. The
𝟏

Probability
that the problem will be solved is

Solution:
PROBABILITY
2. A box contains 4 defective and 6 good bulbs. Two bulbs are drawn at
random with out replacement. Find the probability that both bulbs are
good.
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
S O LV E D E X A M P L E S

if P(A/B)=P(A/𝐁𝐜 )
1) Prove that A and B are independent events if and only

Solution:
P(A/B)=P(A/𝐁ഥ)
𝐏
𝐏 = 𝐏
⟺
𝐁
𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 𝐀∩𝐁𝐁
𝐏 𝐀∩ 𝐏 𝐀− 𝐏 𝐀
ഥ ഥ

⟺𝐁 =∩ 𝐁
𝐏 𝟏−
- 𝐏𝐁𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 𝐏 𝐁 −𝐏 𝐁 𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 =
𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁 −𝐏 𝐁 𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁
- 𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 =𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁
- 𝐀, 𝐁 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬.
PROBABILITY
2).
Solution:
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐀 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐛 𝐢𝐧
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞
drawn is also good.

� �
𝐏 𝐀 � , 𝐏 𝐁/𝐀
𝟏
=
𝟎 � 𝟔 𝟓
�
== 𝐏 𝐀 𝟏
𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 �𝟏𝟎× 𝟑
𝐏 𝐁/𝐀 =
𝟗
=
PROBABILITY
3)If one card is drawn at random from a pack of cards
then show that getting an ace and getting heart are
independent events.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting an ace and B be the
event of getting heart when a card is drawn from a
pack of cards. Now

𝟒𝐂 𝟏 𝟒
𝐏 𝐀=
𝟓𝟐𝐂 𝟏
𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟏= =
𝟏𝟑
𝐏
𝟏 𝟓𝟐 𝟏
𝐁 = =𝟏𝟑 =
𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝟓𝟐
𝟒
PROBABILITY
𝟏𝐂 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐏 𝐀 = = =𝐏 𝐀 𝐏
𝟏𝟑
𝟏
∩𝐁 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝐁
=𝟒 ×
𝟓𝟐
𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬.
PROBABILITY
4)In a shooting test the probability of A,B , C hitting the

, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐲. 𝐈𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞

targets are
𝟏 𝟐
𝟑
𝟐 �
𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐭 � 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛

�
Solution:
𝐏 𝐀= 𝐏 𝐁=
�
𝟐
𝐏 𝐂=
𝟏 𝟐
�
, 𝟑 ,
and A , B , C are �
independent.
i) The probability that only one of them hits the target

= 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ 𝐂ത 𝖴 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁
∩ 𝐂ത 𝖴 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ 𝐂
PROBABILITY

= 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ഥ ∩ 𝐂ത + 𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁
∩ 𝐂ത + 𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ 𝐂

𝟏 = 𝐏(𝐀)𝐏(𝐁
𝟏 ഥ)𝐏(𝐂
𝟐 ത) 𝟏+ 𝐏(𝐀ഥ)𝐏(𝐁)𝐏(𝐂
𝟏 ത)
= 𝟏×+× ഥ× 𝟏 × × ×
𝟐 𝟑 𝐏(𝐀
𝟏 ഥ)𝐏(𝐁
𝟐 )𝐏(𝐂)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑𝟑
+ +
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟏++ 𝟔 𝟏
= = =
𝟐𝟒 𝟒
.
𝟐𝟒
PROBABILITY
ii) The probability that at least one of them hits the

=𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁𝖴𝐂 =𝟏−𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁𝖴𝐂 =𝟏−𝐏

target

𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ 𝐂ത
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟏 − 𝐏 𝐀ഥ 𝐏 𝐁ഥ 𝐏 × ×
𝟐 𝟑
𝐂ത =𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
− = 𝟏 𝟐𝟑 =
𝟐 𝟐
−
𝟒 𝟒
 PROBABILITY
5)There are 3 black and 4 white balls in one bag, 4 black
and 3 white balls in the second bag. A die is rolled and
the first bag is selected if it is 1 or 3, and the second
bag for the rest. Find the probability of drawing a black
ball from the selected bag.
Solution:
Let A 1 be the event of selecting the first bag and A 2 be the
event of selecting the second bag.

𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝟔= 𝟐=𝟏

𝐚 𝐝𝐢𝐞 𝐢𝐬
𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝
1
𝟑
P( A )=Pr
PROBABILITY
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟒 𝟐
𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐨𝐫
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐞 = 𝟔=
P( A 2 )= Pr
𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝟑
Now A 1 ,A 2 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events.
Let E be the event of drawing a black ball from the selected

𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
bag. Now
= ��
𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 .
P(E/A 1)=Pr
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐚𝐠 𝟕

𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 = ��
𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 .
P(E/A 2)=Pr
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐠 𝟕
PROBABILITY
Now P(E)=P 𝐀𝟏 + 𝐏 𝐀𝟐
∩𝐄 �∩ 𝐄 .
=P 𝐀𝟏 +𝐏 𝐀
�
�� 𝟐 ��
𝐏 � 𝐏
𝟏 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
�

= 𝟑× 𝟒 × 𝟏 .
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
+ =
𝟕 𝟕 𝟏
PROBABILITY
MCQ
1) A and B are two events such that P(A)>0,
P 𝐀 /𝐁ഥ 𝐢𝐬
P(B)0,ഥ then
𝟏−𝐏 𝐏
ഥ
Hint:
a)𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥
1 - P(𝐀𝐭𝐨 cB𝐀𝖴𝐁
)𝟏 𝐀ഥഥ
𝐏
d)
𝐁
/B) b) 1 - WBWB+
P(𝐀/B) WBW −𝐏 𝐁ഥ

2) A bag contains 5 white and 3 black balls. Four balls are

successively drawn out and not replac ed. The
probability th at th ey are alternately of different
colours is

𝟏 𝟏𝟑
𝟐 𝟏
𝟏𝟗
a) d)
� � 𝟓
b) c)
𝟔 � � 𝟔
PROBABILITY
3) The probability of India winning a test match against
West indies is 1/2 . Assuming independence from match
to match the probability that in a match series India’s
second win occurs at the third test is
𝟏
b) 𝟏
𝟖 𝟒
a)

𝟏 d) 𝟐
c)
� �
� �
PROBABILITY

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
1) If A,B are any two events in an experiment, and P(B) 
1 show t h a t P( 𝐀 ) =𝐏(𝐀) − 𝐏(𝐀 𝐁)
𝐁 𝟏−
𝐜 𝐏(𝐁)
Solution:
𝐜
𝐀 𝐏(𝐀 𝐁 )

𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)
P 𝐁 =
𝐏(𝐁𝐜
(∵
𝐜
)

𝐏 (𝐀 𝐁ഥ)
= 

(𝟏)
𝐏(𝐁)
PROBABILITY
�

𝐀 𝐢𝐬 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐁 �
. .
� . . . . ..
. . ........ . ..
.. ... . . ... .....

𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
� . .
fig  . . . .. . .
.

𝐀
𝐀𝐁ഥ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝐁ഥ ∩𝐁 𝐀ഥ ∩

 𝐏 (𝐀) = 𝐏 𝐀𝐁𝐀𝐁ഥ
∩ 𝐀) 𝐁

+ 𝐏 𝐀𝐁

 𝐏 𝐀𝐁ഥ = 𝐏(𝐀) −
𝐏(𝐀𝐁)()
𝐀 𝐏(𝐀)−𝐏(𝐀
()&() 𝐢𝐧 𝐁)
= 𝟏−𝐏(
() 𝐏𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐏(𝐁ഥ) = −𝐁)𝐏(𝐁)(𝟑)
𝐁𝐜
PROBABILITY
2) If A,B are two events, then show that
� 𝐀
P(𝐁𝐜) = P(A) 𝐏(𝐀𝐁)=P(A)-
ഥ
P � P(B)+P 𝐁
� 𝐜
P(𝐀𝐁)
𝐀
Solution:
�
�
L . H . S = � P(B)+P 𝐁 P(𝐁𝐜
P � 𝐜 )
𝐏(𝐀∩𝐁) 𝐏(𝐀∩𝐁ഥ)
�
= P(B) +

𝐏(𝐁ഥ)
= P(𝐀𝐁) +
𝐏(𝐀𝐁ഥ)
𝐏(𝐁) 𝐏(𝐁ഥ)

= P(A)
= R.H.S
PROBABILITY
3) If A , B , C are three independent events, then show that
AB, C are also independent
Solution:

Given A , B , C are independent events

To prove A  B , C are independent events,

we have to show that
P((AB)C) = P(AB) P(C)

Now P((AB) C) =P( (AC)(BC))

(∵Distributive law)
PROBABILITY
= P((A C) + P(BC) –
P( (AC)(BC) )

= P(A) P(C) + P(B) P(C) - P(ABC)

= P(A) P(C) + P(B) P(C) - P(A) P(B) P(C)

= P(C) { P(A)+P(B) - P(A) P(B) }

= P(C) { P(A)+P(B) - P (AB) }

= P(C)P(AB)
Hence proved
PROBABILITY
4) If A and B are independent events with
P(A)=0.2, P(B) = 0.5. Find
𝐁
�
(i) P(A/B) (ii) P (iii) P(AB) (iv) P(AB)
Solution: �
Given P(A)= 0.2, P (B)= 0.5
Given A,B are independent events
P(AB) = P(A) P(B)
= (0.2) (0.5) = 0.1
Now P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) -
P(AB)
= 0.2 + 0.5 - 0.1
=0.6
PROBABILITY
𝐀 𝟎. 𝟏
By definition P = 𝐏(𝐁 = 𝟎.
= =0.2
𝐏(𝐀∩𝐁)
) 𝟓
𝐁
𝐁 𝟎. 𝟏
= 𝐏( 𝟎.
By definition P = = =0.5
𝐏(𝐁∩𝐀)
𝐀) 𝟐
𝐀
 PROBABILITY
5) Suppose A and B are independent events with P (A) =
𝐁
0.6, P(B) =0.7 compute
�
(i) P(AB) (ii) P(AB) (iii) P (iv) P(Ac Bc)
Solution: �
Given P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.7
Given A,B are independent events
P(AB) =P(A) P(B)
= (0.6) (0.7)= 0.42
Also P(AB) = PA)+ P(B)-
P(AB)
= 0.6+ 0.7 - 0.42
= 0.88
PROBABILITY

By definition P 𝐁 𝐏(𝐀∩𝐁) 𝟎.𝟐

= = =

Also P(A C B C ) =0 . 7
P(𝐀ഥ 𝐁ഥ) 𝐀 𝐏(𝐀) 𝟎.

=P(𝐀 )
(∵ 𝐀ഥ , ഥ𝐁 areഥ

P(𝐁ഥ)
independent)
=[1-P(A)] [1-P(B) ]
=(1-0.6) (1-0.7)

=(0.4) (0.3) = 0.12

 PROBABILITY
6) A fair die is rolled. Consider the events A={1,3,5},
B= {2,3} and C = {2,3,4,5}. Find
� � 𝐀 �
�
(i) P(AB), P(AB) (ii) P ,P (iii) P ,P �
� � �
� �
� � �
(vi) P � ,P � �
� �
� �
Solution:
� �
Given S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}, A= {1,3,5}
B={2,3} and C={2,3,4,5}
Now AB = {1,2,3,5}, AB ={3}, AC= {3,5},
BC={2,3}
𝐧(𝐀𝖴𝐁) 𝟒
𝐀𝐁
We have P = =
𝟐
=
PROBABILITY
Also we have P 𝐀 𝐧(𝐀⋂𝐁)
∩𝐁
=
𝟏
By definition P 𝐀 = 𝐏(𝐀⋂𝐁)
= 𝐧(𝐀⋂𝐁)
𝐧(𝐒)
=
𝟏
𝟔
𝟐 = 𝟏
=
𝐁 𝐏(𝐁) 𝐧(𝐁)
�
By definition P
�

𝐁 𝐏(𝐀⋂𝐁) 𝐧(𝐀⋂𝐁)
𝐀 𝐏(𝐀⋂𝐂) 𝟐 𝟏
= =
By definition P 𝐀 𝐏(𝐀) = 𝐧(𝐀) = 𝟒=
𝐧(𝐀⋂𝐂)
=
𝟐
𝐂 𝐏(𝐂) 𝐧(𝐂)
PROBABILITY

By definition P 𝐂 𝐏(𝐂⋂𝐀) 𝐧(𝐂⋂𝐀)

= =
𝟐
𝐏(𝐂) 𝐧(𝐂)𝟑
By definition P =
𝐀 𝐏(𝐀)
𝐧(𝐀)
𝟒
𝟐
𝐁 𝐏(𝐁⋂𝐂) 𝐧(𝐁⋂𝐂) 𝟐
By definition P =
𝐏(𝐁)
= == 𝟐 =
�
𝟏
𝐧(𝐁)
𝐂 𝟏 𝐏(𝐂⋂𝐁) 𝐧(𝐂⋂𝐁) �
= = =
𝐁
𝐂
 PROBABILITY
SAQ:
1) A Pair of dice are rolled. What
is the probability that they sum to 7 given
that neither die shows a 2 ?

2 dice are rolled  n (S) = 6× 𝟔 = 36

Solution:

A= {Sum is 7},B={neither die shows 2}

Thus B = {1,3,4,5,6} × {1,3,4,5,6}

n(B)= 5× 𝟓  𝐧 (𝐁) = 𝟓
Also A = (, , ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, )
 PROBABILITY
We have AB ={sum is 7 and no die shows 2 }

AB = (, , ), (, ), (, ), (, ) n(AB)=4
�
But Pr 𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐝𝐢𝐞
𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐧𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫
= P𝐨𝐟
𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬
�
�
�

𝐏(𝐀⋂𝐁)
=

𝐏(𝐁)

𝟒
𝐧(𝐀⋂𝐁)
𝟐
=
=
𝟓 𝐧(𝐁)
PROBABILITY
2) A pair of dice are rolled. What is th e probability that
neither die shows a 2 given that they sum to 7 ?
Solution:

2 dice are rolled  n (s) = 6× 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟔

A is {1,3,4,5,6}× ሼ, , , , ሽ𝐧(𝐀) = 𝟓
Let A ={neither die shows 2}

5× 𝟓

Let B ={ S u m is 7} B={(1,6), (2,5),(3,4), (4,3), (5,2), (6,1)}

 PROBABILITY
Now AB = S u m 7 and no die shows 2.

AB = (, , ), (, ), (, ), (, ) n(AB)=4

Thus n(A) =25, n(B)=6,

𝐧𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐞
n(AB)=4
𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬
𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐬
Required probability = Pr

𝐀
=P = 𝐧(𝐁
𝐧(𝐀 𝐁)
)
𝐁
𝟒 𝟐
= =
𝟔
PROBABILITY
3) A urn contain 7 red and 3 black balls. Two balls are
drawn without replacement. Find the probability that
the second ball is red if it is known that the first is red
Solution:

7 Red  10 Balls (total)

3 Black

2 Balls drawn without replacement

𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭
=
?
Pr
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐝
 PROBABILITY
Position after 1 s t ball is red 6 red + 3 black (9 balls)
Required probability = 2 n d ball red when 6 red + 3black exists

𝟔𝐜𝟏 𝟔 𝟐
= = =
𝟗𝐜𝟏 𝟗 𝟑
PROBABILITY
4) An urn contains 12 red balls and 12 green balls. Suppose
two balls are drawn one after another without
replacement. Find the probability that the second ball
drawn is green given that the first ball drawn is red.
Solution:

12 Red  24 Balls (total)

12 Green

2 Balls are drawn one after another without replacement

𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬
𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧
=
?
Pr
𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐝
PROBABILITY
Position after 1 s t ball is 11 red + 12 green (23 balls)
𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧
𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝟏 𝐫𝐞𝐝 +𝟐 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧
𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬
Required probability = Pr

𝟏𝟐𝐜𝟏 𝟏𝟐
= =
𝟐𝟑𝐜𝟏

𝟐𝟑
PROBABILITY
5) A bag contains 10 identical balls of which 4 are blue and
6 are red. Three balls are taken out at random from the
bag one after the other. Find the probability that all the
three balls drawn are red.
Solution:

4 blue  10 Balls (total)

6 red

3 balls are drawn one after another.

PROBABILITY
i) Without Replacement:
𝟑
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝟑𝐫𝐝
Required probability = Pr
× 𝐫𝐞𝐝 ×
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬
𝐏𝐫 𝐏𝐫
=Pr
𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐝
= 𝟔𝐜𝟏 × 𝟓𝐜𝟏 ×
𝟏𝟎𝐜𝟏 𝟗𝐜𝟏
𝟒𝐜𝟏
𝟖𝐜 𝟏

𝟔 𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟗 
=
𝟖𝟒

𝟏
=
𝟔
PROBABILITY
ii) With Replacement:
𝟑
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝟑𝐫𝐝
Required probability = Pr
× 𝐫𝐞𝐝 ×
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐬
𝐏𝐫 𝐏𝐫
=Pr
𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐝
= 𝟔𝐜𝟏 × × 𝟏
𝟔𝐜 𝟔𝐜
𝟏𝟎𝐜𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝐜𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝐜𝟏

𝟔 𝟔
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
=
𝟏𝟎
𝟔
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
= 𝟓 𝟓  𝟕

𝟏𝟐
=
𝟑 𝟓 𝟓
 PROBABILITY
6) Suppose there are 12 boys and 4 girls in a class. If we
choose three children one after another in succession,
what is the probability that all the three are boys?
Solution:
12 boys+ 4 girls=16 children

3 children selected one after another(without replacement)

𝐚𝐥𝐥
𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐧
Required probability = Pr
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐲𝐬
= Pr 𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐨𝐲 × 𝐏𝐫
𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐨𝐲 × 𝐏𝐫 𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐛𝐨𝐲

𝟏𝟐𝐜𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝐜𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝐜𝟏

= × ×
PROBABILITY

𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎
=  
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒

𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏
=𝟒 =𝟖
PROBABILITY
7) Three screws are drawn at random from a lot of 50
screws, 5 of which are defective. Find the probability of
the event that all 3 screws are non defective assuming
that the drawing is
i) With replacement
ii) Without replacement
Solution: No. of defective screws =5
No. of non- defective screws = 45
i) With Replacement:
𝐚𝐥𝐥
Required probability = Pr 𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐰𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐧𝐨𝐧 −
 PROBABILITY

𝟒𝟓𝐜 𝟒𝟓𝐜𝟏
= 𝟓𝟎𝐜𝟏𝟏 × 𝟓𝟎𝐜×𝟏 𝟓𝟎𝐜𝟏
𝟒𝟓𝐜𝟏

𝟗 �
𝟒𝟓 𝟒𝟓 𝟒𝟓 𝟗 𝟗 =
𝟏
�
𝟎
=   = 
𝟗

𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

𝟏𝟎 probability = Pr 𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐰𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞

𝐧𝐨𝐧 −
Required

𝟒𝟓𝐜𝟏 𝟒𝟒𝐜Replacement:
𝟒𝟑𝐜𝟏 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
𝟒𝟓 𝟒𝟒
× ×
i) Without 𝟏
= = 
𝟒𝟑

PROBABILITY
8) The probability that a boy A will get a scholarship is 0.9
and that another boy B will get is 0. 8. what is the
probability th at atleast one of them will get the
scholarship?
Solution:
Let A be the event that A get scholarship
Let B be the event that B get scholarship
P(A) =0.9 ,P(B)=0.8

𝐀𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞
Both A, B are independent events
= 𝐏(𝐀
𝐨𝐟 𝐀,
𝖴 𝐁)
Pr
𝐁 =𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀
∩ 𝐁)
PROBABILITY
= 𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀
∩ 𝐁)

= 𝟎. +𝟎. 𝟖 − (𝟎. )(𝟎.

𝟖)
= 𝟏. −𝟎. 𝟕𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟖
Another method:

𝐏(𝐀 𝖴 𝐁) = − (𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀))
(−𝐏(𝐁))

= − (𝟏 − 𝟎. )(−. 𝟖)
PROBABILITY
9) A problem in calculus is given to two students A and B
whose chances of solving it are 1/3 and 1/4. Find the
probability that the problem being solved if both of them
try independently.
Solution:
Let A be the event that A solve the problem
Let B be the event that B solve the problem

P(A) =1/3, P(B)=1/4

A ,B are independent events

Problem is solved if A or B happens

PROBABILITY
Required probability
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐢𝐬
= 𝐏(𝐀
𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐝
𝖴 𝐁)
=Pr
𝐀 𝐨𝐫 𝐁 =𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀
∩ 𝐁)

+ 𝐏(𝐁) −
𝟏 + 𝟏− 𝟏 ×
𝐏(𝐀)
= 𝟑 𝟒𝐏(𝐁)
=𝐏(𝐀)
𝟏 𝟑
𝟒
𝟒+− 𝟔
= =
𝟏
=
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟐
PROBABILITY
10) A speaks truth 75% of the cases and B in 80% cases.
Find the probability that their statements do not match
about an incident.
Solution:
Let A be the event that A speaks truth
Let B be the event that B speaks truth
𝟕𝟓 𝟖
P(A) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎, P(B) 𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= are independent
(A,B events)

𝟐𝟓 =
𝟕𝟓
P(𝐀ഥ) = 1- P(A) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟐𝟎 =
𝟖𝟎
P(𝐁ഥ) = 1- P(B) =
1 -
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
1 -
 PROBABILITY
Statements of (A truth & B false) (or) (A false & B truth)
A,B do not match

Required probability=P(A⋂𝐁ഥ)+P(𝐀ഥ⋂B)

= P(A) P(𝐁ഥ)+(𝐏(𝐀ഥ) 𝐏(𝐁)

𝟕𝟓 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟓
= 𝟖𝟎 +
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟕
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐 𝟐 𝟖
= 𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

𝟑𝟓 𝟑 𝟕
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟓
𝟏𝟎
=
𝟐
𝟏𝟓𝟎+𝟎𝟎
=
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
PROBABILITY
11) A , B , C are aiming to shoot a balloon. A will succeed 4
times out of 5 attempts. The chance of B to shoot the
balloon is 3 out of 4 and that of C is 2 out of 3. If the
three aim the balloon simultaneously find the
probability that at least 2 of them hit the balloon.
Solution:
Let A be the event that A aiming to shoot the balloon
Let B be the event that B aiming to shoot the balloon
Let C be the event that C aiming to shoot the balloon
Given P(A)=𝟒,P(B)=𝟑,P(C)=𝟐
𝟓 𝟒 𝟑

Now P(𝐀ഥ)=𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀),P(𝐁ഥ)= −𝐏(𝐁),

PROBABILITY

P(𝐂ത)= −𝐏(𝐂)

P(𝐀ഥ)=𝟏/; P(𝐁ഥ)=/𝟒; P(𝐂ത)=/𝟑

All 3 (i.e) A , B , C shoots𝐀𝐭

at𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭
balloon
𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐠𝐞𝐭
Required probability =Pr
𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
=Pr 𝟐 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧
𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
𝐀, 𝐁, 𝐂 + 𝐏𝐫
𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
PROBABILITY

=P 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂ത + 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ 𝐂 + 𝐏 𝐀ഥ
∩𝐁∩𝐂 +𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁∩𝐂

ത)+ P(A) P(𝐁ഥ𝟏) P(C)+P(𝐀ഥ) 𝟒

+ 𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟐
𝟒 𝟑P(B) P(𝐂𝟒
=P(A) 𝟏 𝟑 P(B)𝟑 P(C)+ P(A) P(B)
= 𝟏
𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒
P(C)
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝟏𝟐+𝟖+𝟔+𝟒 𝟓𝟎
= =
𝟓
=

𝟔𝟎
𝟔𝟎 𝟔
PROBABILITY
12) The probability that Australia wins a match against
India in a cricket game is given to be 1/3. If India and
Australia play th ree games(matches),
probability what is the th at i)
matches? ii)Australia
Australia willwill
win atloose
least all
one m athe
tc h ?
Solution: th ree
Given, Pr 𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐚 = 𝟏
�
𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡
⟹ 𝐏(𝐀) 𝟏
�
�

=
�
Pr 𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚 𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡 = 𝐏(𝐀ഥ)
�

= 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀) =
�
�
�
PROBABILITY
India And Australia plays 3 matches.
𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚 = 𝐏(𝐀) 𝐏(𝐀)
𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞 = 𝐏(𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐀ഥ
𝟐 𝟐
𝐏(𝐀) �
i) Pr
𝐚𝐥𝐥 = 𝟐× ×
∩ 𝐀ഥ) 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐�
𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚 =
Let E=𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝟑 𝟕
𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐰𝐢𝐧
𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭
𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚
𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥
𝐍𝐨𝐰
𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐧
𝐄ത = 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞
𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚
𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡
⟹𝐄 ത 𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞
= 𝐚𝐥𝐥
𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬
PROBABILITY

Now P(E)= −𝐏(𝐄ത)

= 𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚
𝐚𝐥𝐥
−𝐏𝐫 𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞
𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬
𝟖
= 𝟏𝟗=
𝟐 𝟐
−
𝟕 𝟕
PROBABILITY
13) A,B are two independent events such that, the
probability of both the events to occur is 1/6 and the
probability of both the events do not occur is 1/3. Find
P(A).
Solution:
A,B are two independent events and
P(A∩ 𝐁) =
𝟏

⟹P(A) 𝐏(𝐁) = ⟶
� 𝟏

(𝟏)
�
�
�
PROBABILITY

Also given P(𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ�)

=𝟏
�

 P(𝐀ഥ) 𝐏(𝐁ഥ)�
= 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀) 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟏 �

𝟏
𝟑
=
 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=�
𝟔𝐏(
−
𝟏
𝐀)
∵ 𝟏 𝐏(𝐁)
�

𝟔𝐏(
=
𝐀)
 𝟏 −𝐱 𝟏 𝟏 [𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫
=
� 𝐞 𝐱
𝟔 �
− 𝟏
𝐱
=
PROBABILITY
 𝟏 𝟔𝐱−
=�
𝟏
𝟔
−𝐱 𝐱
 𝟏 − 𝐱 𝟔𝐱 =
�

�
− 𝟔𝐱 �

𝟔𝐱 − −𝐱𝟐 + 𝐱 =
𝟐𝐱
−𝐱𝟐 + 𝟓𝐱 − 𝟏 =

𝟔𝐱𝟐 − 𝐱 + 𝟏 =
 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏 𝟑𝐱 =
−
𝐱 = (𝐨𝐫)
𝟏 𝟏 =𝟏 𝟏
𝐏(𝐀)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
PROBABILITY

𝟏 ഥ ത
14) If A,B, C are three independent even ts such th at
𝟏 𝟏
𝐁ഥ ∩𝐂ത )= 𝟒 , 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 � 𝐏(𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ �
P(A∩ , then find P(A),
∩ 𝐂) =
P(B),
∩ 𝐂)ത
,
� �

=
P(C).
Solution:
A , B , C are 3 independent events
such that

𝟏ഥ ത 𝟏
P(A∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂𝟒 )= , 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁
ഥ ത
∩ 𝐂) = 𝟖
𝐏(𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ �
,
𝐂 ത) = 𝟏
�
PROBABILITY
P(A) 𝐏(𝐁ഥ) 𝐏(𝐂� ത)=𝟏
⟶ (𝟏) 𝟏
𝐏(𝐀 ) 𝐏(𝐁) 𝐏(𝐂� ) =
ഥ ത
�

⟶ (𝟐) 𝟏
𝐏(𝐀ഥ) 𝐏(𝐁ഥ) 𝐏(𝐂 � ത ) =
�

⟶ (𝟑) 𝟏
() 𝐏(𝐁) � 𝐏(𝐁)
�
⇒
𝟏 𝟏
= � ⇒ =
�
(𝟑) 𝐏(𝐁ഥ)
� 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐁)
⇒ 𝟐𝐏(𝐁) = 𝟏 −
𝐏(𝐁) 𝟐 𝟏
⇒ 𝟑𝐏(𝐁) = 𝟏 ⇒
�
𝐏(𝐁) =
�
 () 𝐏(𝐀)
PROBABILITY
⇒ = 𝟏 ⟹ 𝐏(𝐀) = 𝐏(𝐀ഥ) ⟹ 𝐏(𝐀)
(𝟑) = 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀)
⇒ 𝐏(𝐀) +
𝐏(𝐀ഥ) 𝐏(𝐀) 𝟏
= ⇒
𝟏 𝟐𝐏(𝐀) = 𝟏 ⇒ �
𝟏
() ⇒ 𝐏(𝐀) 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐁)
� 𝐏(𝐀) = �
𝐏(𝐂ത) = 𝟏 𝟐
⇒
𝟐 𝟑 𝐏(𝐂ത) =
�

𝟒 �𝟏 𝟏
ത
⇒ 𝐏(𝐂) = ⇒ 𝐏(𝐂)
� �
𝟏 = 𝟏 �
�
𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐬 𝐏(𝐀)𝟏= , 𝐏(𝐁)
� � �
�
= , 𝐏(𝐂) =
� � �
 PROBABILITY
LAQ
1) Two persons A and B are rolling a die on the condition
that the person who gets 3 will win the game. If A starts
the game then find the probabilities of A and B
respectively to win the game.
Solution:
A= A wins game, B = B wins game
𝐀, 𝐁 𝐦𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲
S=A𝖴 𝐁 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞
Now
⟹P(S)=P(A𝖴 𝐁)

⟹1=P(A)+P(B) ∵ 𝐀, 𝐁 𝐦𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲
𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞
PROBABILITY
⟹P(A)+P(B) = 1 (1)

S = success= getting 3
F = failure= getting other than 3

Pr (Success)= ;
𝟏
Pr (Failure)=𝟓 .
𝟔

A starts game
Pr (A wins game)= P(A)

= 𝐒 + (𝐅𝐅)𝐒 +𝐚 (𝐅𝐅)
(𝐅𝐅)𝐒 + ⋯ . 𝟏−
= s ∞ of G.P=
𝐫
PROBABILITY
𝟏
𝐒 𝟔
𝟏 𝟑𝟔 𝟔
𝟔×
=𝟏−𝐅 � �
=𝟐
=
𝟏
=
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
−
��
�
� 𝟔
𝟏
Thus P(A)=
𝟏
𝟔
Now P(A) =
𝟏
in (1)𝟏𝟔 +
𝟏 P(B)=1 𝟏
𝟔
𝟏
P(B)=1−
𝟓 𝟏
𝟏
P(B)=
𝟓 𝟏
 P(A) = 𝟏𝟔 and P(B)= 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
 PROBABILITY
2) Two persons A and B are rolling two dice on the
condition that the person who gets (sum) 3 will win
the game. If A starts the game then find the
probabilities of A and B respectively to win the game.
Solution:
A=A wins game, B=B wins
game Also A, B are exhaustive
events

∵ 𝐀, 𝐁
S=(A𝖴B)
P(S)=P(A𝖴B)
𝐦𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲
𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞
1=P(A)+P(B)
PROBABILITY
P(A)+P(B) = 1(1)
𝟏
S= success=getting sum 3= 𝟐
=
𝟑𝟔
𝟏𝟖
(1,2),(2,1)
F= Failure=getting other than sum 3

𝟏 𝟏𝟕
1- =
𝟏 𝟏𝟖
𝟏𝟕
𝟏 𝟏
Pr (Success)=
𝟖;
𝟏𝟖
Pr (Failure)=
𝟖
PROBABILITY
A starts game

𝟏
Pr(A wins game)=P(A)=S+(FF)S+(FF) (FF)S+.........

𝟏𝟖 𝟏 𝟏
=𝐒∞ 𝐨𝐟 𝐆. 𝐏 = 𝐚 =𝐒
= 𝟖
𝟏−𝐫
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏𝟖
= 𝟏𝟖 ×
𝟐
=
𝟏 𝟑
𝟏−𝐅 𝟏
𝟕 𝟑𝟓
− 𝟓
𝟐

𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐬 𝐏(𝐀) 𝟖
𝟑
= 𝟏𝟖
𝟓
𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐏(𝐀) = 𝐢𝐧 𝟏 ⟹ 𝟏𝟖
𝟏𝟖

+ 𝐏(𝐁) =
𝟑𝟓
⟹ 𝐏(𝐁) = −𝟏𝟖
𝟑𝟓
𝟑 ⟹ 𝐏(𝐁) 𝟑
𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐬 𝐏(𝐀)𝟓= = 𝟏𝟖 , 𝐏(𝐁) 𝟓
𝟏𝟕

= 𝟏𝟕
𝟑𝟓
 PROBABILITY
3) An urn contains ‘w’ white balls and ‘b’ black balls. Two
players Q and R alternately draw a ball from the urn
and wins the game when white ball occurs. If Q begins
the game, find the probability that Q wins the game.
Solution:
‘w’ white balls + ‘b’ black balls
=(w+b) balls

𝐞𝐱𝐡𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
Q, R are playing game

𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧
Q or R wins game
𝐭𝐬
S=Q𝖴R ( mutually exclusive)
PROBABILITY
P(S)=P(Q𝖴R) 1=P(Q)+P(R)(1)
𝐃𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠
= 𝐰𝐂 = �
�
𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐰+𝐛 𝐰+
But Pr(Success)=𝐏𝐫
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥
𝟏 𝐂
𝐛
𝟏

P(E)

Pr(Failure) =1- P(E)=𝟏 − � =

� �
𝐰+𝐛 �
𝐰+𝐛

P(𝐄ത)
Q starts game, those who gets white balls first, is winner.

P(Q)= Pr( Q wins game)

 PROBABILITY
𝐏(𝐐) = S +(FF)S +(FF) (FF)S+..............(S= Success, F=
� 𝐏(𝐄 𝐰 𝐰
= 𝐒∞ 𝐨𝐟 = 𝐰 =+ 𝐛
failure)
𝟏� = 𝟏 −) = + 𝐛𝐛 𝐰
− 𝐫 𝟏 (
− )
𝐆. 𝐏 𝐰
𝟐
= 𝐒 ( +𝐛
(𝐏(𝐄 ))ത 𝟐
)+𝐛
𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐬 𝐏(𝐐) =
𝐰+
𝐰+𝟏𝐛
.− 𝐅𝟐 𝐛
𝐰
() + 𝐛 + 𝐏(𝐑) =
𝐰
Note:
𝟏
+𝐛
𝐰+
𝐏(𝐑) = −𝐰
𝐛 +𝐛
𝐰𝐛
=
𝐏(𝐑)
+𝐛
 PROBABILITY
4) A bag B 1 contains 4 white and 2 black balls, bag B 2
contains 3 white and 4 black balls. A bag is drawn at
random and a ball is chosen at random from it. Then
what is the probability that the ball drawn is white?
Solution:
Bag B 1 = 4 white+ 2 black= 6 balls

Bag B 2 = 3 white+ 4 black= 7 balls

B 1 = Event of selecting bag

B 1 B 2 = Event of selecting bag
B2
PROBABILITY
A bag is selected at random (with equal chance)
𝟏
, P(B2 ) =�𝟏 (1)
�
P(B1)=
� �
A bag selected at random, then a ball is selected from it.
Let W= Event that selected ball is white

Now P(W)=Pr (selecting white ball)

=P(𝐁𝟏 ∩ 𝐖) + P(𝐁𝟐 ∩ 𝐖)
+ 𝐏(𝐁
� )
� �
=P(𝐁𝟏 )
𝐏
� �
P 𝐁𝟏
� 𝐁

+ =
𝟏 𝟒𝐂 𝟏 𝟑𝐂 𝟏 𝟐𝟐
=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
𝟏
𝟔𝐂 𝟏 𝟕𝐂 𝟏 𝟒
𝟐
PROBABILITY

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
INTRODUCTION TO BAY E S ’ T H EO R E M :
A 1 , A 2 ,......... A k ,......... A n are exhaustive, mutually
exclusive events associated with sample space S of a
random experiment. A n e ve n t E o c c u r s due t o a ny of t h e

, , . .. . ,...
𝐄 𝐄 𝐄 𝐄
reasons A 1 , A 2 ,......... A k ,.... ..... A n
𝐀 𝐀 𝐀 𝐀
𝐏 𝐏 . 𝐏
and P
𝟏 𝟐 𝐤 𝐧
are known. Now when E has already occurred, then
contribution of A k to E is
� 𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐬′ 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐦 𝐢𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 , 𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡
𝐀 𝐀

� 𝐄 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏 𝐄 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬

𝐤
PROBABILITY
�
𝐏 𝐀𝐤
�� ��
� �� = 𝐏𝒏
𝐤
� 𝐄
(Bayes’ Rule)

෍ 𝐏 𝐀𝐢
�

��
�
𝐏
�
𝒊=
𝟏 is also �
�
Above Bayes’ Rule called as
“ Law of inverse Probability”
REMARKS
1) The events A 1 ,A 2 ........A n are usually referred to as
‘hypothesis’ and the probabilities P(A1), P(A 2 ).... P(An) are
known as the ‘priori’
PROBABILITY
probabilities as they exist before we obtain any
information from the experiment.
2) The probabilities P(E/A i ); i=1,2,....,n are called the
‘likelyhood probabilities’ as they tell us how likely
the event E under consideration occurs, given each
and every priori probabilities.

3) The probabilities P(A i /E); i=1,2,....,n are called the

‘posterior probabilities’ as they are determined after
the results of the experiment are known.
PROBABILITY
BAYE S ’ T H EO R E M
Statement:
Let S be the sample space of a random experiment and
A 1 ,A 2 ........A n are n events which are mutually exclusive
and exhaustive with P(Ai)> 0 for i=1,2,......n.
E is any event, which takes place in connection with
any
of A 1 , A 2 ....A k .. . . . . . . . . . A n with P(E)>0, then
𝐏 𝐀𝐤
𝐀 𝐄
𝐀
𝐏 𝐏
𝐤� �
(for k = 1,2,3…..n)
= ෍ 𝒏𝐏 𝐀𝐢
𝐤

���
𝐏
�

𝒊=𝟏
��
PROBABILITY
Proof: ....... An
A1 A2
A 1 ,A 2 .......A n are mutually exclusive.
E

(A1∩ 𝐄),(A2∩ 𝐄),...... (An∩

Fig  E is union of regions

𝐄)
P(E)=P(A1∩ 𝐄)+P(A 2∩ 𝐄)....
+P(A n ∩ 𝐄)
𝑛 (Disjoint

P(E) = ෍ 𝐏(𝐀𝐢 ∩ 𝐄)
events)

𝑖=1
𝑛
𝐄  (1)
�
��
𝐏(𝐀 )𝐏𝑖=1
P(E) =෍
∵multiplication
�
�� theorem)
(
PROBABILITY
Definition of conditional probability gives

𝐀𝐤 𝐏
𝐏 = 𝐏
�
𝐀𝐤∩𝐄 𝐄

𝐀 𝐏 𝐀
𝐀
𝐄 �
=𝐏 �
𝐤� 𝐏 𝐤
�
𝐏
𝐄 �
𝐏 𝐀𝐤
� ��
�
𝐏 �𝐤 = 𝐏𝒏
� �𝐤
�
(∵ (1) )

෍
���
𝐏
�

𝐀𝐢
��
Hence proved
 PROBABILITY
Solved Examples
1) In a certain college, 25% of the boys and 10% of the
girls are studying mathematics. The girls constitute
60% of the student strength. If a student selected at
random is found studying mathematics, find the
probability that the student is a girl.
Solution:
Let A 1 ,A 2 be the events that the selected student is a
boy, a girl respectively.
Then P(A )= 𝟒𝟎 = , P(A )= = �
𝟐 𝟔𝟎

𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓
,
1 2 �

𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓
PROBABILITY
Now A 1 ,A 2 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events.
Let E be the event that the selected student studying

Then P(E A 1)= 𝟏 =

𝟐𝟓
Mathematics.
𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎
=
,
𝟏𝟎𝟎
P(E A )=
𝟒 𝟏𝟎
2

Now we have to find P(A2 E)

𝐏(𝐀𝟐)𝐏(𝐄 𝐀𝟐)
𝐏(𝐀𝟏 )𝐏(𝐄𝟏𝐀 )
P(A2 E)=
𝟐

+𝐏(𝐀 )𝐏(𝐄 𝐀 )
𝟐

𝟏 (∵Bayes’ rule)
𝟑
.
�
= 𝟐× 𝟏 𝟓+ 𝟏𝟎
𝟑
× = 𝟏+𝟓𝟎
= �
𝟏 𝟒
𝟓 𝟓 𝟑
𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟓𝟎
�
�
PROBABILITY
2) Three urns have the following composition of balls
Urn I: 1 white, 2 black; Urn II : 2 white, 1 black;
Urn III: 2 white 2 black. One of the urns is selected at
random and a ball is drawn. It turns out to be white. Find
the probability that it came from urn III.
Solution:

Let A 1 ,A 2 ,A 3 be the events of selecting Urn I, Urn II, Urn

III respectively.
Then P(A1 )=P(A2 )= 𝐏(𝐀 )
𝟏
�
= 𝟑

.Now A 1 ,A 2 ,A 3 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events.

�
PROBABILITY
Let E be the event of drawing a white ball from the
selected Urn.

P(E A1)= 𝟏 P(E A2)= , P(E A3)= 𝟐 =

By data, we have

,
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
𝟑 𝟒
Now, we have to find 𝟐
P(A3 E).

By Bayes’ theorem, we have

PROBABILITY

𝐏(𝐀𝟑)𝐏(𝐄
𝐀𝟑)
𝐏(𝐀𝟏 )𝐏(𝐄𝟏𝐀 )+𝐏(𝐀 )𝐏(𝐄 𝐀 )𝟑
P(A3 E)=
𝟐 𝟐

+𝐏(𝐀 )𝐏(𝐄 𝐀 )
𝟑

𝟏
𝟏×
= 𝟏× 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟏
𝟏 × + ×
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟐

𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟔 = 𝟔 =
𝟑
=
𝟏
𝟐+𝟒+ 𝟗
𝟏+𝟐
𝟗 𝟗 𝟑 𝟑
𝟔𝟏 𝟏𝟖
+
PROBABILITY
3) A person is known to speak truth 2 out of 3 times. He
throws a die and reports that it is 1. Find the probability
that it is actually 1.
Solution:
Let A be the event that 1 occurs when a die is thrown.

P(A)=1/6, P(𝐀ഥ)=5/6.

Let E be the event that the man reports that it is 1.

Since the man speaks the truth 2 out of 3 times,
so we have
P(E/A)=2/3, P(E/𝐀ഥ)=1/3
PROBABILITY

By Bayes’ Theorem,

𝐏(𝐀) 𝐏(𝐄 𝐀)

P(AE)=
𝐏(𝐀) 𝐏(𝐄𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐀ഥ)
𝟏 𝟐
𝟐×ഥ)
.
𝐏(𝐄 𝐀 �
𝟏 𝟐 𝟔 𝟑𝟓
× + × = 𝟏𝟖
𝟕 =�
𝟏
𝟔 𝟑 𝟔 𝟏
=
𝟖
�
𝟑
�
PROBABILITY
Exercise 9.3 (LAQ)
5) Suppose that an urn B 1 contains 2 white and 3 black
balls and another urn B 2 contains 3 white and 4 black balls.
One urn is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it.
If the ball drawn is found black, find the probability that
the urn chosen was B 1 .
Solution:
urn B 1 =2 white + 3 black = 5 balls
urn B 2 =3 white + 4 black = 7
balls
From urns B 1 , B 2 ; one urn is
PROBABILITY

P(B1 )= P(B 2)=�𝟏 (∵equal chance)

�

One ball is drawn from above selected urn and is found to

be black.

Let B=event of getting black ball.

𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤
=
𝐁
𝐁𝟏 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥
𝐏𝐫
Now P
𝟑𝐂𝟏𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦
𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝐁𝟏
𝟑
= =
𝟓 𝐂𝟏
 𝟒𝐂𝟏
PROBABILITY
𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤
= 𝟕𝐂
�
�� 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝟒
𝐏𝐫 = 𝟕𝟏 =
Also P
𝟐
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦
𝟐

𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝐁𝟏
𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝐁 = =
𝐁𝟏
�

𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧
𝐏𝐫 𝐏 ?
𝐁
Now
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐢𝐬
𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤
Baye’s rule gives:
𝐁
𝐏 𝐁
=
�𝟏 𝟏 𝐁
𝐏�
� �
𝟏

𝐏 𝐁 +𝐏 𝐁
𝐏
�� ��
�
𝟏 𝟐
� 𝐏 �
𝟏
𝐏 �
𝟐

𝟏 �
𝟑×
.
𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟓𝟏
× + × = 𝟑𝟓 𝟏
𝟒+
�

𝟒
𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓
=
𝟕 𝟕
𝟒
= 𝟏
PROBABILITY
6) Three boxes B 1 , B 2 , B 3 contains 2 white, 1 black and 2
red balls; 3 white , 2 black and 4 red balls; 4 white, 3 black
and 2 red balls respectively. A die is rolled and B 1 is
selected if the number is 1 or 2; B 2 if the number is 3 or 4 ;
B 3 if the number is 5 or 6 having chosen a box in this way,
a ball is chosen at random from this box. If the ball drawn
is found to be red, find the probability that it is drawn
from box B 2 .
Solution:
B 1 =2 white +1 black +2 red = 5 balls
B 2 =3 white + 2 black +4 red = 9 balls
B 3 =4 white + 3 black +2 red= 9 balls
PROBABILITY
From boxes B 1 , B 2 , B 3 ; one box is selected by throwing a die

𝟏 𝐨𝐫
as follows:
P 𝐁𝟏 = 𝟐 𝟏
𝐨𝐧 = =
𝐏𝐫
𝐝𝐢𝐞 𝟔

P 𝐁𝟐 = 𝟐
𝟑 = 𝟏
𝟑 𝐨𝐫 =
𝐏𝐫
𝐨𝐧 𝟔

P 𝐁� = 𝐝𝐢𝐞 =𝟑=
𝟐 𝟏
𝐏𝐫 �
𝟓 𝐨𝐫 𝟔

𝐨𝐧
One ball is selected from above selected box and is
𝟑
𝐝𝐢𝐞
found to be red.
Let R= event of getting red ball.
PROBABILITY
𝟐𝐂𝟏
� 𝐑𝐞𝐝
Now P
��
=Pr
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝟓𝐂𝟏
𝟐
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 =𝟓 =
𝟏

𝟒𝐂𝟏
𝐁𝟏
�

� 𝐑𝐞𝐝
Now P
��
=Pr
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝟗
𝟒𝐂𝟏
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 =𝟗 =
𝟐

𝐁𝟐
�

𝟐𝐂𝟏
� 𝐑𝐞𝐝
Now P
��
=Pr
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝟗
𝟐 𝐂𝟏
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 =𝟗 =
𝟑

𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝
𝐁𝟑
�

𝐛𝐨𝐱 𝐢𝐬 𝐁𝟐 =?
𝐁

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞
Now Pr =P 𝟐

𝐑
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥
PROBABILITY
Baye’s rule gives:
𝐑
𝐏 𝐁
=
�𝟐 𝟐 𝐁𝟐
𝐏
� 𝐏 𝐁
�
+𝐏 𝐁
�
+𝐏 𝐁
�
𝐏
�� �� ��
�
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
� 𝐏 �
𝟏
𝐏 �
𝟐
𝐏 �
𝟑

𝟏 �
𝟒×
.
𝟓
= 𝟏× 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑 𝟒
𝟗 𝟏
× + × = 𝟐 𝟒
+
𝟗
= 𝟏
�

𝟐
𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟗 𝟑 𝟐
𝟓 𝟗
𝟗 𝟗+
𝟐
 PROBABILITY
7) A shop keeper buys a particular type of electric bulbs
from three manufacturers M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 . He buys 25% of
his requirement from M 1 , 45% from M 2 , and 30% from M 3 .
Based on the past experience, he found that 2% of type M 3
bulbs are defective where as only 1% of type M 1 and type
M 2 are defective.
If a bulb chosen by him at random is found defective, find
the probability that it was of type M 3 .

P 𝐌𝟏 𝐌 = =
𝟑
𝟐𝟓
Solution:
𝟏𝟎𝟎 ; 𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎
=
P
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝟓
𝐌𝟑

;
P
Let D=event of getting defective bulb.
PROBABILITY
𝟏 𝟏 �
,
𝐃
,
� 𝐃
, P 𝐌 = 𝟏𝟎
�� 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝐌
By data P = P =
𝟎
�
𝟎 𝟎
𝟏
𝟑
� 𝟐

A bulb is chosen at random and is found to be defective.

𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞 =?
𝐌
Pr 𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐛 𝐢𝐬 =P
𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐌𝟑
𝟑

𝐑
PROBABILITY
Bayes’ rule gives:
�
𝐌 𝐏 𝐌
𝐌
� = 𝐏 �
𝟑� 𝐃 𝟑𝐃 𝐃
�
�
𝐏 𝐌 +𝐏 𝐌 +𝐏 𝐌
𝟏 𝐌 𝟐 𝐌 𝐌
𝐏 𝐏 𝐏
� �
�
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
�

𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟓 𝟏 + 𝟒𝟓 𝟏 + 𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
=
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐
×

𝟔 𝟔 �
= 𝟎 𝟓 + = 𝟏𝟑
𝟎 = 𝟏� .
𝟐𝟓 +
𝟎 𝟎 𝟑
PROBABILITY

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏. The probability of an impossible
event 𝟏is 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟒)
𝟐
𝟐) 𝟏 �
𝟑) 𝟎 �
Solution

𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆
𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 =
=
𝒏(
)
= 𝒏(𝒔 𝟎
P 

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐. The probability of an event
lies
in 𝟑) 𝟒)
[𝟎, 𝟏] (𝟎, 𝟏)
𝟏) (𝟎, 𝟏] 𝟐) [𝟎, 𝟏)

Solution

𝐏 𝐄 ≥ 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝑬𝑺 ⇒ 𝐏 𝐄 ≤𝑷 𝑺
=𝟏

𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝑶 ≤ 𝑷(𝑬) ≤ 𝟏 Key -

3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑. If A and B are two mutually exclusive events then
P(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) is
𝟐) 𝐏(𝐀)
𝟏) 𝑷 𝐀 . 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟒) 𝟏
𝟑) 𝟎
Solution

𝑨, 𝑩 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔
⇒ 𝑨 𝑩 = 

𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝑷 𝑨𝑩 =𝑷  =𝟎

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒. IfA and B are any two events in a sample P(𝐀
space S then 𝖴
𝐁) is 𝟐) 𝑷 𝐀
𝟏) ≥ +
𝑷 𝐀 𝐏(𝐁) +
𝐏(𝐁)
𝟑) ≤ +
𝑷 𝐀
Solution 𝐏(𝐁) 𝟒) 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)

𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 =𝐏 𝐀
+ 𝐏 𝐁 −≤𝐏(𝐀 ∩+𝐁)
𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓. P (at least one of the events A
or B)=
𝟏) 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀 𝟐) 𝟏 − 𝑷 𝐀ഥ
∩ 𝐁)
∩ 𝐁ഥ
𝟑) 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀 𝖴
𝐁) 𝟒) 𝟏 − 𝑷
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 𝐀= . 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟏 −𝐏
𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 = 𝟏 − 𝑷 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ
Solution

= 𝟏 − 𝑷 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔. If A and B are two Mutually Exclusive events in a
sample space
S 𝟏 such that𝟏 P 𝑩 𝟏 = 𝟐𝑷(𝑨)𝟏 and 𝑨𝖴𝑩
= 𝟐) =
𝟏)𝑺, then 𝑷(𝑨) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐 � � �
� � �
Solution
𝐏 𝐀+ 𝐏 𝐁
=𝟏
P 𝐁 +=𝟐𝐏𝟐𝐏(𝐀)
𝐀
𝐏
𝟑𝐏𝐀𝐀
=𝟏 =𝟏 Key -
𝟏 2
𝐏 𝐀= �
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕. An experiment yields 3 Mutually Exclusive and
exhaustive
A ,B and events
C . 𝑷 𝑨= = 𝟑𝑷 𝑪 , 𝑷(𝑨)
If 𝟐𝑷 𝑩 then = 𝟓
𝟏 𝟓 𝟔 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟏
𝟔
Solution 𝟔 𝟏𝟏 𝟏

𝐏 𝐀+ 𝐏 𝐁
+𝐏 𝐂 =𝟏
P 𝐀 + + 𝐏 𝑨
𝟏 𝟏
� �
𝐏 𝑨 � 𝟔�
⇒P(A)=
=1(∵P(A)=2P(B)=3P(C))
𝟏
𝟏
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖. If A, B and C are any three events in a sample
space
P 𝐀S∩then
(𝐁 𝖴 𝐂) =
𝟏) 𝐏 𝐀 +𝐏 𝐁 +𝐏 𝐂
− 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐂)
𝟐) 𝐏 𝐀 +𝐏 𝐁 +𝐏 𝐜 −
𝐏
𝟑) 𝐁
𝐏 𝐏(𝐂)
𝐀 + 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐂 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩
∩𝐁 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂)
𝟒) 𝐏 𝐁 + 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩
∩𝐂 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂)
= 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) 𝖴 𝑷(𝑨
𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 ∩ 𝑪) + 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐂
Solution
P 𝐀 ∩ (𝐁− 𝖴𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂)
𝐂) Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗. If A & B are 2 events then 𝑷 (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩ഥ) 𝖴 (𝑨ഥ
∩ 𝑩) =

𝟏) 𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝑩 − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) 𝟐) 𝐩 𝐀 𝖴 𝑩 +
𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)
𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎
𝟑) 𝐏 𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒏
𝐀 +𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎
𝐏(𝐁) 𝑨𝑩 𝟒)𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝐏 𝑨 +
𝒐𝒇𝐏𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒋𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝐁 + 𝐏(𝐀𝑩)
⇒𝑷𝑨
𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝑨𝑩 = 𝑷 ഥ𝑨ഥ𝑩
ഥ𝑩, 𝑨𝑩, 𝑨𝑩
A B

⇒ 𝑷 𝑨𝑩 + 𝑷 𝑨 𝑩 − 𝑷
Solution
+ 𝑷(𝑨𝑩ഥ)
𝑨𝑩 = 𝑷 𝑨ഥ 𝑩
+ 𝑷(𝑨𝑩ഥ)
Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎. If A & B are two mutually exclusive events,
then the relation
𝟏)
between 𝑷ഥ) 𝑨ഥ 𝟐) 𝐏(𝐁)and
≥ 𝑷(𝑨 ≤ 𝑷𝑷(𝑩) is
𝐏 𝑩
𝟑) 𝑨ഥ
𝐏 𝐁 = 𝐏(𝐀)
Solution 𝟒) 𝐏 𝐁 <
𝐏(𝐀)
𝐁 ⊆ 𝐀ഥ

𝐏(𝐁) ≤ 𝑷
𝑨ഥ
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏. If A & B are two events in a sample space S such
that𝟎𝑷(𝑨)
then≠𝑷
�
=
𝑩
𝟏) 𝐏 𝐏(𝐀
∩ 𝑩)
�

𝑨 . 𝑷(𝑩) 𝟐) 𝑷(
𝟑 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝑩)
𝐏(
) 𝐁) 𝟒) 𝐏(𝐁)
Solution𝐀)
𝐁𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟
𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝑩
=
� 𝑷(𝑨𝑩)
𝑨 𝑷(𝑨) Key -
�
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐. If A and B are two independent events in
a then sample
𝑷 𝑨 space S
∩𝑩 �
𝟏)
=𝐏 𝟐) 𝐏 𝐁 � 𝟑) 𝐏 𝟒) +
� .𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏(𝐁) 𝐏 𝐀 𝐏(𝐁)
𝑨 .𝑷 𝑨
� �
�
Solution
𝐀, 𝐁 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 �=
�

𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 ⇒ 𝑨
� �
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝑷 𝑨𝑩 � = 𝑷� 𝑩
=𝑷 𝑷(𝑨)
�
𝑩 𝑷
𝑷 𝑨𝑩 = Key -
�

𝑷 𝑨 𝑷(𝑩) 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑. < 𝐏 𝐁 , the relationship and 𝐏(𝐀)
� 𝐀
𝐀 �
If 𝐏 � between
𝟏 𝐏 � is
�

𝟏) = 𝟐) � >
� 𝐏(𝐀)
�

𝐏 𝟐 𝐏 𝐏(𝐀)
� �
𝟑) � 𝟒) � <
< 𝐏(𝐀) 𝐏
𝐏 � � 𝟐𝐏(𝐀)
Solution
𝐏(𝐀 ∩ �𝐏 𝐀
�
� 𝐏 𝐁
�

𝐁)𝐏( < ⇒
∩�𝐁 < 𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏(𝐁)
𝐀) 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) 𝐏 𝐀 .
�

� 𝐀 = 𝐏(𝐁) <
� 𝐏(𝐁)
𝐏(𝐁) Key -
�
3
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒. The probability of getting head or tail, when an
unbiased coin
is tossed is
𝟏) 𝟎 𝟐) 𝟏/𝟐 𝟒)
𝟑) 𝟏 𝟐
Solution
𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚
𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓. The probability of obtaining exactly r heads and
(𝐧 − 𝐫) tails,
when𝐫 we toss n(𝐧unbiased coins 𝐧is 𝐧𝐂
𝟏) 𝟑) 𝐂
𝐧 𝟐 − 𝐫) 𝟐 𝟒) 𝟑
𝐫

�
) 𝐧
𝐫
𝐧
𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 ⇒
�
𝒏 𝒔 =
Solution
𝑬 ∶ 𝒓 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒔, 𝒏 − 𝒓 𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒔
𝟐𝒏
𝑬 ∶ 𝑯𝑯 −−− −𝑯 𝒓 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝑻𝑻 −−−− −𝑻((𝒏
− 𝒓) 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔)
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝒏 = 𝒏𝒄𝒓 𝒏!
=
𝑬 𝒓! 𝒏 − 𝒓 !
𝒏(𝑬)
𝒏𝒄𝒓 Key -
𝑬 = 𝒏(𝑺 = 𝟐𝒏 3
𝑷
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔. The probability of obtaining at least one head when
we toss n
𝒏𝑪
unbiased coins 𝟏 is
− 𝟏 𝐧𝐂
𝟐 𝒏 𝟑) 𝟏 −
𝟏) 𝟐𝒏 𝟒) 𝟑
𝟎 𝐫

) 𝟐 𝟐𝒏
𝑪𝒓𝒏
𝐧
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐧𝐨 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝
𝐧𝐂

= 𝟏 −𝟐
𝟎

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟕. The probability of obtaining 4 heads, 4 tails when
8 unbiased
coins
𝟏 are 𝟖𝑪 is
tossed 𝟖𝑪 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟒)
� 𝟐) 𝟐𝟖 𝟑) 𝟐𝟖 �
𝟒 𝟎

� �
Solution

𝟖𝑪𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟐𝟖

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟖. If two coins are tossed 5 times, the chance that
there will be
5 heads
𝟒𝟓 and 5 tails
𝟏𝟐 is 𝟔 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟎 𝟑 𝟎
𝟐𝟓 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟐𝟓 𝟒)𝟐𝟓
𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟔 𝟔
Solution 𝟔

𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟓
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟗. A coin is weighted so that head is twice as likely
to appear as
tail.getting
When tail such a coin is tossed once
𝟏 � 𝟏
is the𝟒)probability of
𝟐)
𝟏 � 𝟑) �
𝟏)
�
𝟐 � � �
�
Solution
𝐏 𝐇 = 𝟐𝐏 𝐓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏 𝐇
+𝐏 𝐓 =𝟏

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟎. Two A and B have (n+1) n
persons respectively
which they toss and
The probability coins
have more
simultaneously. heads that A will
𝟏 𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟏
number of 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟒 � � �
� � �
Solution
𝐎𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭
𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬, 𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐟 𝐨𝐟
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨
𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭.
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟏. When a fair coin is tossed thrice,
the probabilityof obtaining
head𝟏 at most twice
� is � �
𝟏)
𝟖 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � �
� � �
Solution � � �

𝟑 𝑪𝟎 + 𝟑 𝑪𝟏
+ 𝟑 𝑪𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟐𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟐. When a perfect die is rolled, the
probability of getting a face
with𝟏 4 or 5 points
� upward is𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟐) � �
�

Solution � � �

𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
�

𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 = 𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
= 𝟏
𝟔
Key -
𝟑 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟑. When a perfect die is rolled, the probability any
of getting one
of the
𝟏 6 faces is.𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟑) 𝟏
� �
) 𝟒) 𝟐
� �
Solution

𝒏(𝑬)
𝐏 𝐄 𝟔 =
𝒏(𝑺)
= =𝟏
𝟔

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟒. In a single throw of a symmetrical die the probability
that a number less than 4 is obtained, given that
the throw resulted is an odd number is
𝟏 � 𝟏
𝟏 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) �
𝟐 � 𝟑)
�
� � �
Solution �
𝐒 = 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓 , 𝐄 =
ሼ𝟏, 𝟑ሽ 𝐧(𝐄)
=
𝐧(𝐒 𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
) 𝟑
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟓. A perfect die is rolled. If the
outcome is anodd number, the
probability
𝟏 that it� is a prime is 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟐) � � �
�
� � �
Solutio
n
𝐒 = 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓 , 𝐄 =
ሼ𝟑, 𝟓ሽ 𝒏(𝑬)
𝑷 𝑬 =
𝒏(𝑺 𝟐
) 𝟑
=
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟔. The probability of getting a number greater than 2
or an even
number
𝟏 in a single𝟏 throw of a fair
� die is 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟒)
𝟐 � 𝟑) � �
�

Solution � � �

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 =
ሼ𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔ሽ
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟓, 𝐧 𝐒=
𝐧 𝐄𝟔
𝑵𝒐𝒘 =𝟓
𝐧
𝑷 𝑬
𝐒 𝟔
=
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟕. Two symmetrical dice are
thrown. The probability of getting a
sum� of 6 points is
� 𝟔

𝟏) 𝟑𝟔 𝟐) 𝟏
� �
𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟔
𝐫 𝟑𝟔
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 −𝟏 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐫
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟔
= 𝟔 𝟓
−𝟔 𝟏
𝟐 =
𝟑𝟔

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟖. Two uniform dice marked 1 to 6 are thrown together.
The probability that the total score on them is either
minimum or maximum
𝟒 𝟓 � 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟒
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟑) )
�
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝟐
+ 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟏 � 𝐨𝐟
= 𝟏 +
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝟏𝟐
𝟑𝟔 𝟑�
=
𝟑𝟔 𝟔 Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝟗. Two uniform dice marked 1 to 6 are thrown together.
The probability that the total score on the two dice
is either 7 0r 11 is
� � 𝟏 �
𝟏 𝟒
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟑 𝟑�
)
�
𝟔
�
� � 𝟔

𝟕 𝟏𝟑 − 𝒓 𝟏𝟑
Solution� �

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 − 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟐 ∵ − 𝟏 +− 𝒓
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔𝟐 𝟔𝟐
𝟔
= +
𝟑𝟔 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝟑𝟔
= =𝟐 Key -
𝟔 2
+
𝟏𝟖 𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟎. Two uniform dice marked1 to 6 are thrown together.
The
probability
𝟏 that the sum is a �prime number is
� �
𝟏) 𝟒 �
𝟏 𝟐) � 𝟑) 𝟏 𝟏
)
� �
𝟐
Solution � 𝟐 𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐮𝐦
𝟐 𝐨𝐫 𝟑 𝐨𝐫 𝟓
𝐨𝐫
𝟏 + 𝟕𝟐 𝐨𝐫
+ 𝟒𝟏𝟏
+𝟔+𝟐
𝟓 =
𝟑𝟔
𝟏𝟐
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟏. Two uniform dice marked1 to are thrown together.
6 The
probability
𝟏 that 𝟏the sum is 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) is
even 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒
� � � 𝟏
)
�
Solution � � 𝟐

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐮𝐦
𝟐 𝐨𝐫 𝟒 𝐨𝐫 𝟔
𝐨𝐫
𝟏 +𝟖𝟑𝐨𝐫
+𝟓𝟏𝟎+ 𝐨𝐫
𝟓 +𝟏𝟐
𝟑+𝟏
=𝟏
𝟑
𝟔 𝟐
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟐. When two symmetrical dice are rolled
simultaneously, the
probability
𝟏 that both𝟏 the dice show
𝟏 even numbers
𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) is 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � � �
�
Solution � � �

𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐲
𝐝𝐢𝐞 = 𝟑
𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬
� 𝟏
=𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟑×𝟑=𝟗 =
𝟔�× 𝟔
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟒
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟑. Two dice are thrown. The that the
probability absolute
difference
𝟏 of points
𝟏 on them 𝟏is 4 is 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � � �
�
Solution � � �

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬
= ሼ 𝟏, 𝟓 , 𝟐, 𝟔 ,
𝟓, 𝟏 , 𝟔, 𝟐 ሽ
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟒 𝒏(𝑬)𝐧 𝐬 =
𝟒 𝟑𝟔
𝟏
𝑬 = = =
𝑷
𝒏(𝑺) 𝟑𝟔
𝟗 Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟒. Two dice are thrown. The probability of scoring a
sum greater
𝟏 9 or a doublet
than 𝟏 is � �
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟒
� 𝟏 𝟑) 𝟏 𝟏�
)
�
� 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
Solution
𝐒𝐮𝐦 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐛𝐞 𝟏𝟎 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟏 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟐 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐭
𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬
=𝟔−𝟐
𝟏𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎+ 𝟏𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏 +=𝟏𝟑
𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 +𝟒
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟑𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑 + 𝟐 + 𝟏
+𝟒
𝟏 𝟑𝟔
=𝟎
𝟑
𝟔
= 𝟓
𝟏
𝟖

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟓. Two symmetrical diceare thrown.
The
product probability
of the numbers on theirthat the most
upper
𝟏 is 12 is 𝟏
faces 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � � �
� � � �
Solution

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝟔, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟑
= ሼ 𝟐, 𝟔 𝟐 𝟒 ሽ

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟔. Three symmetrical dice are thrown. The probability
of obtaining
𝟏
a sum of 5 points
𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑 𝟒
� 𝟑 𝟐𝟏 𝟓
) )
�
Solution 𝟔 𝟔 𝟒

(𝐫 − 𝟏)(𝐫
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 − 𝟐)
𝟐×
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟔𝟑
𝐫 (𝟓
=𝟓 𝟒
− 𝟏)(𝟓 ×𝟑
= − 𝟐)
𝟐× =𝟐 ×
𝟔𝟑
= 𝟏𝟐 𝟔=
𝟑

𝟏
𝟐𝟏𝟔 Key -
𝟑𝟔 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟕 A and B throw with 3 dice.If A throwsa of 16 point
. sum s,
� the probability
� of B higher sum is
throwing a 𝟏 𝟑
𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟓 𝟐) 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
� �
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟

𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝟏𝟕 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟖 (𝟏𝟗 − 𝐫)(𝟐𝟎
𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫 =
− 𝐫) 𝟐.
𝟏𝟕&𝟏𝟖
𝟔𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟖. On a symmetrical die the 1, -1, 2, -2, 3 and
numbers
marked on its 6 faces. If 0such are
a dieis
thrown 3 times. probability that the The
sum of points on them
𝟓 is 6 is
𝟏) 𝟐)
𝟐𝟓 𝟓
𝟕� 𝟒𝟑
𝟑 � 𝟒)
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
)
Solution𝟖 𝟖

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑

→ 𝟔 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
→ 𝟑 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟐 → 𝟏 𝐰𝐚𝐲 𝟑, 𝟑,
Key -
𝟎
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑𝟗. A symmetrical die is thrown 4 times. The probability
that 3 and
6 will
𝟓 turn up exactly
𝟏 2 times
𝟏 each is 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟔 𝟔 𝟑 𝟔 𝟐
�
𝟒
�

𝟒
Solution
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 ! 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟐!
𝟑, 𝟑, 𝟔, 𝟔 → =𝟔
𝟔 𝟐!
𝟏
𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
=
𝟔𝟒
𝟔𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟎. Three symmetrical dice are The probability
thrown. of
obtaining
𝟐 a sum� of 8 points� is 𝟏
𝟓 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐𝟏 𝟐) 𝟕 𝟑) 𝟕 �
� �
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 �
(𝐫 − 𝟏)(𝐫
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 − 𝟐)
𝟐×
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐫 =
(𝟖 − 𝟏)(𝟖 𝟔𝟑
=𝟖
= − 𝟐)
𝟐×
𝟕 𝟔𝟑
×𝟔 = �
= 𝟕� Key -
𝟐× 𝟐 2
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟏. The probability that a leap year will have 53
sundays 𝟏 is � � �
𝟏)
� 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � �
� � � �
Solution � � �
𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐩 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫 = 𝟑𝟔𝟔
= 𝟓𝟐 𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐤𝐬+2 days extra 2 days may be (S,M)
(M,T)(T,W)

(𝐖,
𝐧 𝐬=𝐓𝐇)(𝐓𝐇,
𝟕 𝐧 𝐄 =𝐅)(𝐅, 𝐒𝐀)(𝐒𝐀, 𝐒)
𝟐
𝐏 𝐄= 𝐧(𝐄) 𝟐
𝐧(𝐒 Key -
=
) 𝟕 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟐. The that a leap year will have 53 Tuesdays
probability
Fridays or
is � � 𝟏
𝟐 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) �
� �
𝟕
Solution � � �

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 =
� �

ሼ𝐌, 𝐓 , 𝐓, 𝐖 , 𝐓𝐇,
𝐧𝐅 𝐄=
, 𝟒, 𝐅,
𝐧 𝐒𝐀
= ሽ
𝐒 𝟕
𝐏 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟒
𝐧(𝐒)
= Key -
𝟕
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟑. The probability that a non-leap year will have 53
� Fridays is 𝟏 �
𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟏)
� 𝟐
� � 𝟒)
�
� � � �
Solution
� �
𝐍𝐨𝐧 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐩 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐢. 𝐞. 𝟓𝟐 𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐤𝐬 +
𝟏𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐛𝐞

𝐒, 𝐌, 𝐓, 𝐖, 𝐓𝐇, 𝐅, 𝐒𝐀

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟏, 𝐧 𝐒= 𝟕
𝐏 = 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐄 Key -
=
𝟏 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟒. The probability that the February of a leap year
will have 5
saturdays is � 𝟏 �
𝟏) 𝟑)
𝟑
� 𝟐)
�
� 𝟒)
�
� � � �
Solution � �
𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 = 𝟐𝟗
= 𝟒𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐤𝐬 + 𝟏𝐝𝐚𝐲. 𝐰𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝟓 𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞
𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐝𝐚𝐲
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐧(𝐄)
𝟏, 𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟕
𝐏
𝟏 Key -
𝐄 = = 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟓. The probability in a of April will be
that Tuesdays month there 5
is � 𝟏
𝟑 𝟑)
𝟐) � 𝟒
𝟏) 𝟒)
�
𝟕 � � 𝟕
Solution �
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐌, 𝐓
=
𝐧 ሼ𝐄𝐓, 𝐖𝐧 𝐒 =
= 𝟐, ሽ
𝟕
𝐏 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
=
)�
𝐏 𝐄=
� Key -
� 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟔. The probability that day of the randomly chosen
13th month is
𝟏
a Friday is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� 𝟏 𝟖 𝟒
� 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
Solution
𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏 ×
𝟏𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟕
= 𝟏
𝟖
𝟒

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟕. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52
wellshuffled playing cards. The probability that the cards
drawn are aces is
𝟒
𝟓 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 𝟒
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
𝟐𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟐𝟏 ) )
𝟏 𝟏
𝟒𝑪𝟐
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟓𝟐𝑪
𝟐

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟖. When a card is drawn at random from a well
shuffled pack of 52 playing cards, the probability that
it may be either king or queen is
𝟖 � � 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟒
𝟑) 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟐) 𝟏 )
� �
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Solution
𝟒+𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟖𝟓 = 𝟓
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟐 𝟐

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟒𝟗. A pack of cardsis distributed among four
hands equally.
probability The
that 5 spades, 3 and the
diamonds may
clubs 3 be in a particular
hearts rest
hand is
𝟒𝑪𝟏 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟓 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟐
𝟏) 𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟓 × 𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟔 ×
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟐
𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟑
𝟐)
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟓 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 ×
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟐
𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟑
𝟑)
𝟒𝑪𝟏 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 ×
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟐
𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏
𝟒)
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
Solution

𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟓 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 × 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 ×

𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏
𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟎. If two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of
52 playing
i
cards, the probability that there will be at
𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟗 𝟑 𝑪
s 𝟑𝟗 𝟐 𝟐)𝟏 − least one club
𝟒 𝟎 card
𝟏) 𝟑𝟗
𝑪

𝟓𝟐 𝟓 𝟑) × ) 𝟓𝟐𝑪
𝟐
𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓𝟐
𝑪 𝑪𝟐 𝟐

𝟓𝟐
𝟐
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 −
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝟑𝟗
that there will be no club card = 𝟏
𝑪𝟐
𝟓𝟐𝑪

− 𝟐

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟏. From a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards two
cards are drawn at random. The probability that
either both are red or both are kings is
𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟐 + 𝟒𝑪𝟐
𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟐 𝟐
𝟏) + 𝟒 − 𝟐𝑪𝟐𝟓 𝑪
𝟓𝟐 )
𝑪 𝟐 𝑪
𝟑 𝑪 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑) 𝟑𝟎𝑪 𝟒 𝟗
) 𝟓𝟐
𝟓 𝑪
𝟐
𝟐
𝑪
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Solution
𝐍𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬
= 𝟐𝟔
𝐍𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬
=𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟐 + 𝟒𝑪𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = − 𝟐𝑪𝟐𝟓𝟐𝑪
𝟐

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟐. Four cards are drawn at randomfroma
well shuffled pack of
52 playing cards. The probability that
all
𝟏𝟐
the𝐂4 𝟑) 𝟒𝐂 are
× 𝟒𝟖𝐂
hearts,
𝟒
𝟒𝐂𝟏 ×
𝟏

𝟏) but one
𝟓𝟐 is a queen is
𝟒 𝟏𝟑
) 𝟓𝟐𝐂
𝟓
𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟑 𝐂 𝟐) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟓
𝟑 𝟒
�
𝟐 𝟒
Solution 𝐂
� 𝟓

𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝟏𝟑 𝐢𝐧
𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐞𝐧
𝟏 . 𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟓𝟐𝐂
𝟏𝟐𝟒 𝐂
Key -
= 𝟓𝟐𝐂
𝟑

2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟑. Five cards are drawn at randomfrom a
well shuffled pack of
52 cards. The probability that out ofthese𝟒𝟖 5
𝟒 𝑪 there
� 𝑪 will 𝟑 𝟒
be𝑪𝟏 just
× 𝟒𝟖one ace𝟒)is
𝟏) 𝟖 𝟐 � 𝟓𝟐
𝑪𝟒
𝟓𝟐
𝑪
𝟓 𝟓𝑪 𝟓 𝟏𝑪 ) 𝟒
�
)
𝑪

𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓
𝑪
�
𝟓
Solution
𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝐂𝟏 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟒 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞
𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐧𝐨𝐧 − 𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝟖𝐂𝟒 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟒𝑪𝟏𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐬
𝐍𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫 . 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟒 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟓𝟐𝑪
Key -3 𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟓. Two cards are drawn simultaneously from a well
shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. The probability
that one of them is an ace of hearts is
𝟐) 𝟏
𝟑)
𝟏
𝟒)
𝟏
𝟏) 𝟏
𝟏
𝟐𝟔 𝟑𝟗
𝟓𝟐
𝟑
Solution
𝟏𝑪𝟏.𝟓𝟏𝑪

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟏
𝟓𝟐𝑪
=
= 𝟐
𝟏
𝟐𝟔

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟔. In a bridge game, the probability that a specified
player has at
least 𝟏𝟑
one ace is
𝟏) 𝟒𝟖𝑪 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟑)𝟏 −𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏𝟑 𝟒)𝟏 −
𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟑 𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟑 𝟓 𝟓
𝟒𝑪 𝟒
𝟐 𝟏𝟏
𝑪𝑪 𝟐 𝑪𝟏
𝟑 𝟑
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐧𝐨 𝐚𝐜𝐞
𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏

= 𝟏 −𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏
𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟕. Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52
playing cards. The probability that one is a heart card
and the other is not a heart card is
𝟕 � 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟑 𝟓
𝟑 𝟐) 𝟑 𝟑) 𝟒)𝟑
�
𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
𝟒
Solution
𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 = 𝟏𝟑
𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐨𝐧 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 = 𝟓𝟐
− 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟑𝟗
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏 . 𝟑𝟗𝑪𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲𝟓𝟐𝑪=
𝟐
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟖. An urn 25 number 1 to Two balls
contains ballswithed
drawn one at a time 25. The are
both the numbers
replacement . on the balls are probability that
odd
𝟏𝟑is
𝐂 𝟐𝟓𝐂
𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟔𝟐 𝟒) 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟔𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟔𝟐
𝟓 𝟏𝟔𝟗
𝟓 𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟒
Solution
𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐝𝐝 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 = 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟔
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏𝟑 =𝟗
𝟐𝟓 ×
× 𝟔𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏𝟑
𝟐𝟓 𝟓

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓𝟗. A box contains 40 balls of the same shape and
weight . Among the balls 10 are white, 16 are red and
the rest are black, the probability that a ball drawn
from
𝟏) 𝟏 the box is not a black is
𝟑) 𝟐 𝟒) 𝟔𝟐
𝟐) 𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟎 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟓
𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝𝟓 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟒
=Solution
𝟏𝟎+𝟏𝟔
𝟎
𝟐𝟔
=
𝟒
𝟏𝟑
𝟎
=
𝟐𝟎
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟎. There are 4 red, 3 black and 5 white balls in a bag. If
a ball is drawn at random, the probability that it may
be either red or black ball is
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟏𝟓 𝟑) 𝟏
𝟏
𝟒 𝟕
𝟏
𝟐𝟗 𝟐 𝟐
Solution 𝟒)
𝟒𝑪𝟏+𝟑𝑪

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟏
𝟏𝟐𝑪
=
=
𝟏

𝟒+𝟑𝟕
= 𝟏𝟐
𝟏

Key -
𝟐

3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟏. There are 4 red, 3 black and 5 white balls in a bag.
The probability of drawing 2 balls of the same colour
and one is of different colour is
𝟏) 𝟒𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟐) 𝟒𝟒 𝟑) 𝟒) 𝟏𝟗
𝟒 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝟗 𝟒𝟒
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟒𝑪𝟐.𝟑𝑪𝟏+𝟑𝑪𝟐.𝟒𝑪𝟏=
+𝟒𝑪𝟐.𝟓𝑪𝟏+𝟓𝑪𝟐𝟒𝑪𝟏+𝟓𝑪𝟐𝟑𝑪𝟏+
𝟑𝑪 𝟐 𝟓𝑪 𝟏
= 𝟏𝟐𝑪
𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟐. There are 5 green, 6 black and 7 white balls in a bag.
A ball is drawn at random form the
bag. The probability that it may
be 𝟓either green or black is
𝟏) 𝟏𝟏
𝟐) 𝟔 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖𝑪
𝟓𝑪𝟏+𝟔 𝟏

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲𝟏𝟖 =
𝟏𝟏

=
Solution
𝟏𝟖 𝑪𝟏

𝟏𝟖

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟑. Out of 10 balls in a bag 3 are red. The
probability that there will be at least one red ball
in a draw of 2 balls is
𝟏) 𝟏𝟕 𝟐) 𝟏
𝟒)
𝟏 𝟗
𝟏
𝟖
𝟓𝟔 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟑)
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐰𝐨
𝐧𝐨𝐧 − 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬
𝟕 𝑪𝟐
𝟏𝟎
=𝟏− 𝑪
𝟐

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟒. A bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another
contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If one ball is drawn
from each, the probability that both are white is
𝟏𝟑 𝟐) 𝟓
𝟑)
𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐𝟒 𝟒) 𝟐
𝟐𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟒
𝟒𝑪𝟏 𝟑 𝑪𝟏
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟔𝑪 𝟏 ×
𝟒
𝟖
= 𝟑𝑪×𝟏
𝟔
𝟖𝟏
=
� Key -
� 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟓. A bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another
contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If one ball is drawn
from each, the probability that both are black is
𝟏𝟑 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐𝟒 𝟓
𝟐 𝟏
�
𝟐
𝟏
𝟒 � 𝟒

𝟐 𝑪𝟏 𝟓 𝑪𝟏
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟔𝑪 𝟏 ×
𝟖𝟐𝑪𝟏
= 𝟓×
𝟔
𝟖𝟓
=
𝟐 Key -
𝟒 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟔. From a bag containing4 white and 5 black balls 3 are
at random. The oddsdrawn
against these being all
black balls is
𝟏) 𝟓
𝟐) 𝟑𝟕 𝐭𝐨 𝟓 𝟑) 𝟓 𝐭𝐨 𝟑𝟕 𝟒) 𝟒𝟐
𝐭𝐨 𝟒𝟐
𝐭𝐨 𝟓
𝟓 𝐂𝟑
𝐏 𝐄=
Solution
𝟗𝐂

𝐏 𝐄 𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐬
𝟑

𝟒𝟓
= 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐄 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐏 𝟐
𝐄ത :
𝐏(𝐄) Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟕. Box A contains 3 red and 2 black balls. Box B
contains 2 red and 3 black balls. One ball is drawn at
random from box A and placed in box B. Then one ball
is drawn at random from box B and placed in box A.
The probability that the composition of the balls in
the 𝟗two boxes remains unaltered is
𝟏) 𝟖 𝟐
𝟑𝟎
𝟏 ) 𝟑
𝟑𝟎 𝟒)
𝟕
𝟑) 𝟑
𝟑 𝟎
𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠

𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐛𝐨𝐱 𝐀
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐛𝐨𝐱 𝐁 + 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐛𝐨𝐱
𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐛𝐨𝐱 𝐁

𝟑 𝑪𝟏 𝟑 𝑪𝟏 𝟐 𝑪𝟏 𝟒𝑪𝟏
= × + ×
𝟓𝑪𝟏 𝟔𝑪 𝟏 𝟓𝑪𝟏 𝟔𝑪𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟖. 3 red and 4 white balls of different sizes are
arranged in a row at random. The probability that no
two balls of the same colour are together is
𝟏) 𝟑
𝟔 𝟐) 𝟑
𝟒)
𝟑) 𝟏
𝟑
𝟑
𝟓 𝟎
𝒏 𝑺 = 𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝟕 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔
𝟑𝟓
𝟑𝟓
= 𝟕!
Solution
𝟑 𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝟑! 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒
𝒈𝒂𝒑𝒔 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅.
𝟒 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝟒 𝒈𝒂𝒑𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝟒!
𝑵𝒐𝒘𝒏(𝑬)
𝒏 𝑬 = 𝟑!
𝟑!×𝟒!
𝟒!
𝟏
𝑬 = = = Key -
𝑷
𝒏(𝑺) 𝟕! 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟔𝟗. Two cards are drawn at random from 10 cards
numbered 1 to
10. The probability that their sum is odd, if the two
cards are drawn together is
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟓 𝟑
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗

𝐒𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐝𝐝 𝐢𝐟 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧

Solution

𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐝𝐝

𝟓𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟓𝑪 𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝑪 =
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟐

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟎. The probability that at least one of the events A and
B occur is
0.6 If A and B occur simultaneously with
probability
𝟏) 𝟎. 𝟒 0.2, then
𝟐) 𝟎. 𝟖 𝟑)
𝟒)𝟏.
𝐏 𝐀ഥ𝟔 + 𝐏 𝐁ഥ = 𝟏. 𝟐

𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁
Solution

𝐏 𝐀ഥ = + 𝐏 𝐁ഥ = 𝟏 =−𝐏 𝐀
𝟎. 𝟔 +𝟏− 𝟎.𝐏(𝐁)
𝟐
=𝟐−ሼ 𝐏𝖴𝐁

+𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 ሽ
Key -
= 𝟐 − (𝟎. 𝟔 + 𝟎. 𝟐) 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟏. A single letter is selected at
random from the word PROBABILITY.
The
𝟏)
𝟑 probability that it is a vowel is
𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐) 𝟒 𝟐
𝟏
𝟓
𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏𝟏
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟒, 𝐧 𝐒
= 𝟏𝟏
Solution
𝐏 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
=
)
𝐏 𝐄 𝟒
𝟏
=
𝟏
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟐. Two lettersare taken at randomfrom the HOME. The
wordprobability that at least one is a vowel is..
𝟏 � � 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟒)
𝟐 𝟐) � 𝟑) � �
� �

Solution � � �
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = = 𝟏 −
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐯𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐥𝐬
𝟐𝑪 𝟐 𝟓
=𝟏− =
𝟒𝑪𝟐 𝟔
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟑. In a book0f pages, if a page is opened at
100 probability that the number
random,on the
it is a
cube 𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � 𝟐 �
� � 𝟓 �

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 =
Solution

ሼ𝟏, 𝟖, 𝟐𝟕, 𝟔𝟒ሽ

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟒, 𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏
𝐏 𝐄 𝟒 =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= =
𝟐𝟓 Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟒. If A and B are two events in a sample space S
such𝑷that
𝑨 =
≠ 𝟎, then
𝑨�
� 𝐏(𝐀
𝑷(𝑨
∩ 𝑩) 𝟒)
𝟏)
𝑷𝐏 𝐀 . 𝟐 ∩ 𝑩)
𝑷( 𝟑) 𝑷( 𝐏(𝐁)
𝐏(𝐁) ) 𝑨)
𝑩)
𝑨
Solution

𝐁𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 =
𝑷(𝑨𝑩)𝑷(
𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐏
𝑩 𝑩)

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟓. If 𝐏 � and � > , then the relationsh
� 𝐁 � �
� 𝐂
> 𝐏 between
� 𝐏 and𝐏𝐏(𝐁) is𝐂 𝐏 ip
�
𝐂
𝐀𝟏) 𝐏 𝐀= 𝟐) 𝐏(𝐀) ≤
ത ത

𝐏(𝐁) 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟑) 𝐏 𝐀> 𝟒) 𝐏(𝐀) ≥
𝐏(𝐁)
Solution 𝐏(𝐁)

𝐏 𝐀 ∩ > 𝐏 𝐁 ∩ 𝐚𝐧
𝐂 𝐂 𝐝
𝐏 𝐀 ∩ > 𝐏 𝐁 ∩ 𝐚𝐧
𝐂ത 𝐂ത 𝐝
Key -
⇒ >𝐏 𝐁 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟔. If A and B are events such > 𝟎 and 𝐏 ≠
two then that 𝐏 𝐀 𝐁 𝟏,
𝐏(𝐀ഥ/𝐁ഥ)= 𝐏(𝐀
𝟏) 𝟏 𝟐) 𝟏 𝖴 𝐁)
𝐏(𝐁
− 𝐏(𝐀 𝖴𝐏𝐁) −
)
𝐁ഥ
𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀 𝐏(𝐀
𝟑 𝖴 𝐁) 𝟒 𝖴 𝐁)
𝟏− 𝐏(𝐁
) )
𝐏(𝐁) )
Solution

𝐏(𝐀ഥ/𝐁ഥ)=
𝐏
𝐏
= 𝟏−𝐏(
𝐀ഥ∩𝐁ഥ 𝟏−𝐏(𝐀𝖴𝐁)
𝐁)
Key -
𝐁ഥ

3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟕. If A and B are even suc tha 𝐏 𝐀= , 𝑷 = �,
𝟑 �
�
two ts h t 𝑨𝑩 �
then � =
� �

𝑷 � � 𝟏
𝟒)
�
𝑨
𝟐 ഥ
𝟐) 𝟑) �
𝟏)
� �
𝟓 � � �
� �

𝐏(𝐀 𝖴 𝑩) −
Solution

� 𝑩 = 𝐏 𝐀ഥ = 𝐏(𝐀)
𝟏−
�∩𝑩 𝐏
𝐏(𝐀)
ഥ 𝐀ഥ
𝑨

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟖. If A and B are eventssuch 𝐏 𝐀𝑩 �, 𝑷 𝑩 �,
� �

two that =� =
then = �

𝑷
𝑨
𝑩
� 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑) 𝟒)
� �
ഥ
𝟐 𝟐) � �
𝟏)
�
𝟑 � � �
�
Solution
𝐀 𝐏 𝐀∩ 𝐏(𝐀 𝖴 𝐁) −
� = = 𝐏(𝐁)
𝐏 𝟏−
� 𝐁ഥ
𝐏(𝐁)
ഥ 𝐁 ഥ
𝐁
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟕𝟗. Two symmetrical dice are thrown at a time. If the
sum of points on them is 7, the chance that one of
them will show a face with 2 points is
𝟏 𝟏 � �
𝟏) 𝟐)
𝟖 𝟑 𝟑) � 𝟒)�
� �
� �
Solution
𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐜 𝟏, 𝟔 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟑 (𝟓, 𝟐)
𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝟓 𝟒 (𝟔, 𝟏)
𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
(𝟐, 𝟓)(𝟓, 𝟐) 𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏
𝟔
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = Key -
𝟑
= 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟎. Aand B are to throw with a pair of
symmetrical
throws a dice.
sum ofIf5 points
B then A’s chance of
throwinga sum less than 5 is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟒 � � �
� � �
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟

𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝟐 𝐨𝐫 𝟑 𝐨𝐫 𝟒
=+ = 𝟏 =
𝟏+ 𝟔
𝟑
𝟔 𝟑𝟔
𝟔
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟏. Out of the digits 1 to 9, two are
selected at random and one
is found to be 2, the probability that their sum is
odd
𝟏) 𝟖 is 𝟐)𝟖 𝟑)𝟖
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕

𝟒) 𝟏
Solution 𝟖

∵ 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝟐, 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐛𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐨𝐧𝐞

𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟏 𝐭𝐨 𝟗 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝟐
𝐧 𝐒 =𝟖
𝐒𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐝𝐝 𝐢𝐟 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐝𝐝 𝐧 𝐄 =𝟓
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏 𝐄 =𝟓
𝐧(𝐒
=
) 𝟖 Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟐. It is given that a year has 53 Sundays, the
leap probability
that it has 53 Mondays is
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏
𝟐 � � �
𝟏 𝟔 𝟐
� � �
Solution
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝟓𝟑 𝐒𝐀, 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟
𝐬𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐒 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞
𝐒, 𝐌
𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝟏𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝟓𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐢𝐬 (𝐒, 𝐌) �
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
�
Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟑. 𝐄𝟏, 𝐄𝟐 are events of sample space
such
𝐏 that
𝐄 = 𝟏 𝐄𝟐 = 𝐄𝟏 = . 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐄𝟏
=
,𝐏 ,𝐏 𝐏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 � 𝐄�
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
𝟏)
𝐄 𝐄
𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� �

𝟏
� � � �
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
� � � �
Solution

𝑬 𝐄 �
� = ⇒ 𝐄𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 �𝐄 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐄 𝟏
𝐄 = 𝐏 𝐄 =�
𝟏
𝐏 𝐄 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐏
�
𝟏 𝟏
� �
𝟐 𝟐 �

Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟒. If the o two events 𝑬𝟏 and 𝑬𝟐 in a
probability
experiment aref random
𝑷 𝑬𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟒, 𝑷 𝑬𝟐 = 𝑷,
value
𝑷 𝑬𝟏 𝖴 of 𝑬
P,𝟐 𝑬𝟏=and 𝑬𝟐 are
𝟎. 𝟕, the
if independent
𝟐)𝟎. 𝟒 𝟒)𝟎.
𝟏) 𝟎. 𝟑 𝟑)𝟎. 𝟓 𝟐
Solution

𝐏 𝐄𝟏 𝖴 𝐄𝟐
𝐏 𝐄𝟏 ) + − 𝐏 𝐄𝟏 ).
𝐏(𝐄 𝐏(𝐄
𝟎. 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟒 + 𝐏−𝟐
𝟎. 𝟒
𝐏
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟓. One of the two events must happen. Given that the
chance of one is two –third that of the other , find
the odds in favour of the other
𝟏) 𝟐 𝐭𝐨 𝟐) 𝟐 𝐭𝐨 𝟑) 𝟑 𝐭𝐨 𝟐 𝟒) 𝟓
𝟑 𝟓 𝐭𝐨 𝟐

�
Solution
𝐏 𝐀 �𝑷(
= 𝑩)
�
𝐏 𝐀 + 𝐏 𝐁 = 𝟏 𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐬
� 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐁
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐏 𝐁 : 𝐏 𝐁ഥ

Key -1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟔. The results of students of a college revealed the
following facts. 25% of students failed in
Mathematics, 15% of students
failed in Chemistry, 10% of students failed in both. If
a student is selected at random. The probability that
he has failed in Mathematics,
𝟑) given that he failed in
𝟏) 𝟐)
𝟑
chemistry
𝟏
𝟓 𝟐is
� 𝟒)
𝟏
� 𝟓

𝟐𝟓 𝟏
Solution
𝟑

𝐏 𝐌 𝑷 𝑪 𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟎 𝟎
= =
𝟏 𝟏
𝐏 𝐌∩𝑪 𝟎 =
𝟏𝟎 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎
=
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
� 𝐏(𝐌
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 � = ∩ 𝐏(
𝐂)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏
�
𝟏/𝟏 𝐂)
= 𝟎�
𝟏𝟓/𝟏𝟎
𝟎
𝟏
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎
×
𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟓
=𝟐
𝟑

Key -
2
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟕. A card is drawn from a pack of 100 cards numbered
1 to 100. The probability of drawing a number which
is a perfect square is

𝟏) 𝟏𝟎
𝟑
𝟐) 𝟓
𝟏
𝟑)
𝟏 𝟒)
𝟑
�

𝟏𝟎
�
Solution
𝐧 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
𝐒 𝟒,𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬
ሼ𝟏, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟔, =
𝟐𝟓, 𝟑𝟔, 𝟒𝟗,
𝟔𝟒,
𝐧 𝟖𝟏, 𝟏𝟎𝟎ሽ
= 𝟏𝟎
𝐄 𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏𝟎
𝐏 𝐄 = 𝟏
𝐧 𝐒 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= = Key -
𝟏𝟎
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟖. The probability that a randomly
chosennumber from the set of first 100
natural numbers is divisible by 4 is
𝟏) 𝟐𝟓
𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� 𝟏
� �
𝟑 𝟏
𝟒 � � �
Solution
𝟏𝟎
𝐧 𝐄 𝟎 =
�
= 𝟐𝟓
𝐧 =
𝐒 𝟏𝟎𝟎
�
𝟐
𝐏 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟓
𝐧(𝐒 𝟏𝟎
=
)𝟏 𝟎
𝐏 𝐄=
� Key -
� 4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟖𝟗. From the set of numbers {1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8} two
numbers are selected at random without replacement.
The probability that their sum is more than 13 is
𝟏)
𝟏
𝟐) 𝟐 𝟒)
𝟑)
𝟑 �
𝟒
𝟏𝟒 𝟕
𝟕
�

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬
Solution
𝐚𝐫𝐞(𝟔, 𝟖)(𝟕, 𝟖)
𝐧 𝐄=𝟐𝐧 𝐒
= 𝟖𝑪𝟐
𝐧(𝐄
𝐏 𝐄 ) =
𝐧(𝐒 𝟖𝟐𝐂
=
) Key -
1
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟎. In a room there are 6 couples. Out of them if 4 are
selected at random, the probability that they may be
couples
𝟏) 𝟒 is 𝟐) 𝟐
𝟒
𝟑
𝟑) 𝟏
𝟑
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑 ) 𝟑
𝟑𝟑

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
Solution
𝟔𝑪

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝑪

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟏. In a thre horses A, B and C are takin part.
raceprobabili eof A’s is the g The
winning
ty and
winning
theprobability B’s winning
probability
is of B’s
probability of C’s winning.
of Thethrice
twice probability of C’ the
s winning.
𝟏) 𝟏𝟔 𝟐) 𝟏𝟑 𝟑) 𝟏
𝟏
𝟒)𝟎 𝟐 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
Solution
𝐏 = 𝟐𝐏(𝐁)
𝐀 = 𝟑𝐏(𝐂)
𝐏
𝐏 𝐀 + 𝐏 𝐁+ 𝐏 𝐂 =
𝐁
𝟏 𝟑𝐏 𝐂
𝟐𝐏 𝐁+
+𝐏 𝐂 =𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟐𝐏 + +𝐏 𝐂
𝐁 𝟑𝐏 𝐂 = 𝟏
6𝐏 + +𝐏 𝐂
𝐂 𝟑𝐏 𝐂 = 𝟏
𝟏
𝐏 𝐂 =𝟏
𝟏
=
𝐂
10𝐏
𝟎

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟐. Three squares of a chess board
having 𝟖 × 𝟖 square being chosen at random, the
chance
𝟑𝟐𝑪 that all𝟖the
𝑪 three are𝟏𝟔white
𝑪 is 𝟒𝑪

𝟏) 𝟔𝟒𝑪 𝟐) 𝟔𝟒𝑪 𝟑) 𝟔𝟒𝑪 𝟒)𝟔𝟒𝑪

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Solution
𝟑𝟐𝑪

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟑
𝟔𝟒𝑪
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟑

Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟑. Three squares of a chess board having 𝟖 × 𝟖 squares
being chosen at random, the chance that 2 are of
one colour and 1 is of different colour is
𝟒)
𝟑 𝑪 𝟏𝟔 𝟐×𝟑𝟐𝑪𝟐×𝟑𝟐𝑪
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟐) 𝟔 𝑪
𝟏
𝟑
𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒 �
𝑪
𝟒
𝟑� 𝟏

𝟑)
𝟑
𝑪 � 𝑪 �

𝟑𝟐𝑪𝟐 . 𝟑𝟐𝑪𝟏
Solution

𝟑𝟐𝑪𝟐 . 𝟑𝟐𝑪𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = +
𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟑
Key
𝟔𝟒- 𝑪𝟑
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟒. A speakstruth in of the cases and B in80% of
75%cases.The of cases they are likely the
contradi
each
percentage
other in makingto the same ct
statement
𝟏) 𝟐𝟓% is 𝟒)
𝟐) 𝟑𝟓% 𝟑)
𝟔𝟓%
Solution 𝟓𝟎%

𝟕𝟓 𝟑
𝐏 𝐀 =
𝟏𝟎 𝟒
=
𝟎 𝟒
𝐏 𝐁 𝟖 =
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
=
𝟎𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × + 𝐏(𝐀ഥ ∩
𝐏 𝐀∩
𝐁)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
=𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑷 +𝑷
𝑨 . 𝑷 𝑩ഥ 𝑨ഥ . 𝑷(𝑩)

𝐏
𝐏𝐁𝐁ഥ = =𝟏 𝟏�−
ഥ
𝐏(𝐁)
𝟒
− 𝟏
𝐏 𝐁ഥ =𝟓
�

=𝟏−
𝐏 𝐀ഥ𝐏(𝐀)
� 𝐏 𝐀ഥ �
𝐏 𝐀ഥ = 𝟏 � 𝟏 𝟏
=𝟏𝟎
𝟑
. +=
𝟑
�
−
𝟏 𝟓 𝟒
𝟒 𝟒
𝟎 𝟓 .
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑
=𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝟎 𝟏
𝟎 𝟓+
=𝟏𝟎
𝟑+
𝟒𝟐
𝟎 𝟎

=𝟏𝟎
𝟕
𝟐
𝟎
=
𝟎

𝟑𝟓%

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟓. A bag contains 17 counters marked with numbers 1 to
17 on chits. A counter is drawn and replaced. A
second draw is then made. The chance that the
number on the counter drawn 1st is even and the
second
𝟔𝟒
is odd is
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟐𝟖 𝟒)
𝟐𝟖𝟗 𝟐𝟖𝟗
𝟕𝟐 𝟗 𝟑𝟔
𝟖𝟏
𝟐𝟖𝟗
Solution
𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐧𝐨′ 𝐬 = 𝟖, 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟
𝐨𝐝𝐝 𝐧𝐨′ 𝐬 = 𝟗 𝟖𝑪𝟏 𝟗𝑪𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟏𝟕𝑪𝟏 .
𝟖 𝟗 𝟏𝟕𝑪𝟏
= 𝟕𝟐. Key -
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕
= 3
𝟐𝟖𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟔. If A and B two events such = ,𝐏 = � an
𝟑 �
�
are that 𝐏 𝐀 𝐁� � d
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 �= , then ഥ =
�
�
𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 �
𝟏) 𝟒)
�

𝟖
𝟐) 𝟑) �
𝟓 𝟑
� 𝟏
� 𝟐
� � �
Solution

𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝑩=ഥ 𝑷 𝑨 𝖴 −
ഥ 𝑩𝟑 𝑷(𝑩)
𝐏 𝐀∩𝑩 𝟓 𝟒
= −𝟑𝟖
𝐏 𝐀∩ഥ 𝑩 𝟓
𝟒
= −𝟖
𝐏 𝐀 ∩ = 𝟔−𝟓
Key -
𝑩ഥ 𝟏 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟕. The results of an examination in two papers A and B for
20 candidates were recorded as follows. 8 passed in
paper A, 7 passed in paper B, 8 failed in both the
papers A and B. If one is selected at random, the
probability that the candidate has failed in A or B is
𝟏𝟓
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟖

𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
Solution
𝟖 �
𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁
𝟐 𝟐�
= =
𝟎 𝟎
𝟏
𝟐
𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ𝟐 𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟐
𝟖𝟎 =𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = = 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
𝐏 𝐀ഥ 𝖴 𝐁ഥ + 𝐏 𝐁− 𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝑩
ሽ
= 𝟏 − ሼ𝐏 𝐀 𝟕
=𝟏−
𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐−
𝟐𝟎
+ 𝟖
𝟐𝟎
=𝟏 𝟖 +𝟐𝟕 − 𝟏𝟐
−
� 𝟎
=𝟏− �
𝟐
𝟏 𝟎
=𝟕
𝟐
𝟎
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟖. The probability that a student passes in an
�
�
Mathematics is d
the probability that he passes in�
�

�
English is
that he passes
𝟒
. The
in any one courses is�probability
�
𝟒
. The
of the that he passes in probability
both
𝟏𝟏 is
�

𝟏𝟒
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒) 𝟒
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟓 𝟓
𝟒𝟓 𝟒𝟓

� � 𝟒𝟓 �
𝐏 𝐌Solution
�𝐏 𝐄 𝐏 𝐌 𝖴 𝐄
=
� � �
� �
= =
� � �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = − 𝐏(𝐌
𝐏 𝐌 ∩ 𝐄 𝟐 𝟒= 𝖴 𝐄)
𝐏 𝐌∩𝐄
𝐏 𝐌 +𝟒𝐏 =𝐄
𝟑 𝟗
+ −
𝟓 + 𝟐𝟎
𝟑𝟎
= − 𝟑𝟔
𝟒
𝟏 𝟓
𝐏 𝐌∩𝐄 𝟒
𝟒
𝟓
=
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟗𝟗. In a class of 60 boys and 20 girls, half of boys and
half of the girls know cricket, then the probability of
the event that a person selected from the class is
either a boy or a girl who knows cricket is
𝟏) 𝟐𝟏 𝟑) 𝟖𝟓
𝟐) 𝟖
𝟑
Solution 𝟒) 𝟖
𝟕

𝐀 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐨𝐲
𝐁 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥 𝐰𝐡𝐨
𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐬𝟔𝟎𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭
𝐏 𝐀 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐏 𝐁
𝟖𝟎
=
𝐏 𝐀∩ 𝟖𝟎
𝐁 =𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟔
− 𝐏(𝐀 =𝟏
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) 𝟖
+
−𝟖
+𝐏 𝐁 �
𝟎
=�
�
�

Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎𝟎. An urn contain 12 red balls and 12 green balls.
Suppose two balls are drawn one after another
without replacement, then the probability that the
second ball drawn is green given that the first ball
drawn is red is….
𝟏) 𝟔 𝟐)
𝟏𝟐
𝟑)
𝟏𝟏
𝟒)
𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟑
𝟏𝟕
𝟐𝟑
𝟏
Solution
𝐑 𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟐
𝟐
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥
� 𝐬𝐨 𝐏 𝐑
𝟒
� 𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧
=
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭
� 𝐆
𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝟏𝟐
= Key -
𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐬𝐨 𝐏 𝑹 2
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎𝟏. If the probabilities of two dogs A and B dying
within 10 years are respectively p and q , then the
probability that at least one of them will be alive at
the𝐩 end
𝟏) + 𝐪 of 10 years
𝟐) 𝟏 is 𝟑) 𝐩 + 𝐪 − 𝐩𝐪 𝟒)
− 𝐩𝐪 𝐩𝐪

𝐀, 𝐁 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐨𝐠 𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝

Solution
𝐝𝐨𝐠 𝐁 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞

𝐏 𝑨ഥ = 𝑷, 𝑷 𝑩ഥ =𝒒
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 = 𝟏 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 −𝐏 𝑨 =
𝑩 𝖴𝑩
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 = 𝟏 − 𝐏 𝑨ഥ Key -
=𝟏− 2
𝑩 𝐩𝐪
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎 A husband and wife appear in an interview for
𝟐. two
vacancies
selection isin the that
and sameofpost
wife. The
is 𝟏 probability of
. The
husbands
probability
�
�that
�
both of them𝟏 will be
selected is 𝟑)
�

𝟐)
𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐𝟓 𝟐
� 𝟒) 𝟐
𝟐𝟒 � 𝟑𝟓
Solution
𝟑𝟓
𝐏 𝟏
=𝟕 𝐏 =
𝟏
𝐀 𝐁 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = = 𝐏 𝐀 .
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟓
𝐏 𝐀∩𝑩 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟏 𝟏
𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝑩 𝟏= .
𝟕 𝟓 Key -
=
𝟑𝟓 3
𝟏𝟎𝟑. A husband and wife appear in an interview for
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

two vacancies
in the same post . The probability of husbands
�𝟏
selection is
and that of wife �is 𝟏 . The probability
that one will be �
�

of them
selected is
𝟏) 𝟑𝟏 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑𝟐) 𝟐
� 𝟐
𝟑
𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟓 � 𝟓
Solution

𝐏 =𝟕
𝟏 𝐏 =
𝟏
𝐀 𝟓 𝐁
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ + 𝐏(𝑨ഥ ∩
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝑩ഥ 𝑩)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
= 𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏 𝐁ഥ +
𝟏
𝐏
𝐏 𝐀ഥ . 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟕
𝟔
𝑨ഥ 𝟏
𝐏 =𝟏− 𝑷 𝑨 𝟕
=𝟏− = 𝟓
𝟒
𝑩ഥ𝐏 = 𝟏 −
= 𝑷 𝑩
= 𝟏𝟔− = 𝟓
𝐀 𝟏. 𝐏
𝟒 𝐁ഥ
= 𝟏. + + 𝐏 𝐀ഥ .
𝟕 𝟓 𝟕
. 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟓𝟒
= 𝟔+
𝟑𝟓
𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟎
= =𝟐
𝟑 Key -
𝟓 𝟕 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎𝟒. From of the thre married couples partner
each rando e one is
selected m. The probability that three
at 𝟑) 𝟏 all the are
𝟏) 𝟐)
males
𝟏
𝟐 is 𝟏 𝟒) 𝟑
𝟒 𝟖
Solution 𝟖

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟏𝑪 𝟏 .
𝟐𝑪
𝟏 𝑪𝟏 .. 𝟏𝑪
𝟏.
= 𝟐𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟐𝑪 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏
𝟏. 𝟏 =
�
= 𝟐. 𝟐. Key -
𝟐
3
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎𝟓. From of the marrie coupl one partner is
each selected at
three probabili
d estha all the three
random.
females The ty t are
is 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏
� 𝟏
� 𝟑
�
� � �
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟏𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟏𝑪 𝟏 .
𝟐𝑪
𝟏 𝑪𝟏 .

=𝟐𝟏.𝑪 . 𝟐𝑪
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏 =
𝟏. 𝟏𝟏 �
= 𝟐. 𝟐.
𝟐 Key -
3
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎𝟔. From each of the three married couples one
partner is selected at random. The probability that all
the belong to the same sex is
𝟏) 𝟏
𝟐) 𝟏
𝟑)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟏 𝟖
𝟒) 𝟖
𝟑

𝟏𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟏𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟏𝑪 𝟏
Solution

𝟐𝑪
𝟏 𝑪𝟏𝟏 . 𝟏𝑪𝟏 . 𝟏𝑪𝟏 𝟐𝑪𝟏 .
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟐𝑪 = +𝟐𝑪 . 𝟐𝑪
𝟏𝟏 . 𝟐𝑪𝟏
=𝟏 =
𝟏 𝟏

𝟖
+ =𝟐 𝟏
𝟖 Key -
𝟖 𝟒 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎𝟕. The odds against ‘A’ solving
a certain problem are 4 to
the odds in favour 3ofand
B solving the
same problem are 7 to
5. If both of them try independently, the probability
that the problem will be solved is
𝟏)
𝟏𝟏
𝟐)
𝟏𝟑
𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟖
𝟐
𝟏𝟔 𝟏
𝟐𝟏

� �
𝐏 𝐀 �𝑷 𝑩 �
𝟏
Solution
= =
� 𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = = + −𝐏 𝐀 .
𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁 𝐏(𝐁)
�
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑 𝟕 𝟑
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟕 −
𝟕 𝟏𝟐 𝟕
= + .
𝟏𝟐𝟑 𝟕
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟏 −
𝟕 𝟏𝟐
= +
𝟒 + 𝟒𝟗
𝟑𝟔
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 − 𝟐𝟏
𝟖
𝟔 𝟒
=
𝟒
𝟖
𝟒𝟏
𝐏𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁
𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟔
𝟐
== 𝟏
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎𝟖. A is to hit the target 3 out of 4
where as known
person an person
in is twice in
shots,
other attempts. known
three to independently
hitevery
probability
If both
that the of being
target them try
hit 𝟏is the
𝟏) 𝟏 𝟐) 𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏 𝟑
𝟏
𝟓
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Solution
𝟑 �
𝐏 𝐀= 𝑷 𝑩 �
�
=
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
� �
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
�
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 =𝐏 𝐀 +𝐏
𝐁 − 𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏(𝐁)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 𝟐= +
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
− .
𝟑 𝟐
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 𝟏=
𝟒 𝟑
+ −
𝟐𝟗 + 𝟖 −
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟔
𝟏
𝟏 𝟐
=
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟏
𝟏
𝟐
=

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟎𝟗. The probability that A can solve a problem in
Mathemetics is
𝟒
� and B can solve it and for C it is When all
� 𝟑
𝟖
� is try independently,𝟏𝟎
them of probability that
the . the
problem
�
will not be solved is
𝟐 𝟒)
�
𝟑𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟏) 𝟒 𝟒� 𝟑) 𝟒 𝟒
𝟎 ) 𝟎 𝟎
𝟑
𝟎
Solution
𝟐 � �
𝐏 𝐀 𝑷 𝑩 𝑷 𝑪
� 𝟏�
= =
� 𝟎
�
=
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
�

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

𝐏 𝑨ഥ ∩ = 𝐏 𝑨ഥ . 𝐏
𝐏 𝑨𝑩
ഥ ഥ∩∩𝑩𝑪ഥ ഥ 𝟏 −𝑩 𝐏ഥ 𝐀
. 𝐏 . 𝑪ഥ 𝟏−𝐏 𝐁
. (𝟏 𝟐− 𝐏 𝐂 ) 𝟑
∩ 𝑪ഥ = 𝟒
𝟏 − � . 𝟏 − � . 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟑 �𝟓 𝟎
𝐏 𝑨ഥ ∩ 𝑩ഥ . . 𝟔
�
𝟓 𝟖
∩ 𝑪ഥ = 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟖

𝟗
= =
𝐏 𝑨ഥ ∩ 𝑩ഥ 𝟖𝟎
𝟒𝟎 Key -
∩ 𝑪ഥ =
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟎. The probability that A will fail in an examination is
0.2 and that of B failing is 0.3. The
probability that exactlyone of them
will fail is
𝟏) 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖 𝟐) 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐
𝐏
𝟏𝟑 𝟏
Solution
𝐀
= 𝟎 𝑷 𝑩= 𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
+ 𝑷(𝑨ഥ ∩
= 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝑩ഥ 𝑩)

𝟐 = 𝐏 𝟕𝐀 . 𝐏 𝑩ഥ 𝟑+ 𝐏
+ = =
𝟖 𝟏𝟑𝟖
𝑨ഥ . 𝟏𝟎
𝐏(𝐁)
𝟎. 𝟑𝟖 Key -
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
1
𝟏𝟎
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟏. The probability that A and an
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
B in examinationTheis
respectively. probability that 𝟎 d 𝟎
only one of them will pass
the
𝟏) 𝟑𝟓 examination is 𝟒𝟏
𝟑) 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟒)
𝟒𝟓
𝟑𝟖
𝟏𝟎 𝟐) 𝟏𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Solution
𝐏 𝐀= 𝐏 𝐁
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟎 𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝑩ഥ +
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝑷(𝑨ഥ ∩ 𝑩)
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟐. A and B are two eventssuch that = 𝟎. 𝟓,𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁ഥ
𝐏 𝐀 𝟎. 𝟕. If A and B are independent
events 𝐏 𝐁𝟐) 𝟐 𝟑) =
𝟏)
𝟑

=
𝟏
𝟓 𝟒) 𝟒
𝟓 𝟓
Solutio 𝟓

𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁ഥ + 𝐏 𝐁ഥ
n

𝟎. 𝟕 = 𝟎.=𝟓 + 𝐏
−𝐏𝐁ഥ 𝐀− .𝟎.
𝐏(𝐁ഥ)
𝐏
𝟓. 𝐀
𝐏(𝐁ഥ)

𝟎. 𝟕 = 𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝐏 𝐁ഥ (𝟏
− 𝟎.
𝐏 𝐁ഥ𝟓)
= 𝟎.𝟐 = 𝟐 ⇒ 𝐏 𝐁 = Key -
𝟏−𝟐=𝟑
𝟎. 𝟕 − 𝟎.𝟓
𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝐏 𝐁𝟓ഥ (𝟎. 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟑. There are 10 cards in a bag. On 5 of them “N” is
printed and on the other 5 “C” is
printed. 3 cards are drawn,one
after an other without
replacement
𝟏) and kept in that
𝟒)
𝟓

order. The probability 𝟑that the word formed

𝟏𝟏
𝟑) 𝟑 𝟑
with the letter is NCC
𝟐) 𝟔 is 𝟔
𝟕

𝟑𝟔
𝟓 𝟓
= 𝟒.
𝟏𝟎 𝟗
𝟑𝟔
.
𝟖
𝟏 𝟓
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 = 𝟏.
Solution
𝟐 𝟗
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 .
𝟐𝟓
=
𝟑 Key -
𝟔 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟒. The chance of drawing a king, a queen and a knave
in that order from a pack of cards in three
consecutive draws, when the cards are not being
replaced
𝟒 is
𝟏) 𝟓𝟐 ×𝟓𝟏 ×
𝟑
𝟐) 𝟓𝟐 ×𝟓𝟏
𝟐 ×
𝟒 𝟒
𝟒
𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎
𝟒 × ×
𝟒 � �
𝟑)𝟓𝟐
𝟒
𝟓𝟏
𝟒)𝟓𝟐
𝟒
𝟓𝟐
× 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟓𝟐
� �

Solution
𝟒 𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟒 .
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = .
𝟓𝟎

Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟓. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52
playing cards. It is replaced in the pack after
noting its colour. A gain a card is drawn at random.
The probability that the 1st card drawn may be a
heart and the second card drawn may not be a
queen
𝟏) is 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟓 𝟒
𝟑 𝟏
𝟐
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟑

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟓𝟐
Solution
= .
𝟏𝟑 𝟒𝟖
𝟓𝟐
𝟏 𝟏𝟐
=𝟑 =
𝟒 𝟏
. Key -
𝟏𝟑 𝟑
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟔. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52
playing cards. It is replaced in the pack after
noting its colour. A gain a card is drawn at random.
The probability that both cards drawn are red is

𝟏) 𝟏𝟏 𝟐) �𝟏 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏
� 𝟏
�
𝟔
𝟐𝟔
� � �
Solution

𝟓𝟐
𝟐𝟔
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟓𝟐
= =.
𝟏
𝟐 𝟏
. 𝟏
=𝟐
� Key -
� 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟕. A pack of cards is distributed to four players as in
the game of bridge. The probability that a particular
player will not get an ace in three consecutive
games
𝟑×𝟒 is
�
𝟑) 𝟏𝟑 𝟑×𝟒
𝟏) 𝟖 𝑪𝟏 𝟒
𝟑
𝟐
𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏 𝟓𝟐 𝟖
𝑪𝟏
𝟒𝟖𝑪
)
𝑪
�
𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟑𝟏 𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟑𝟏
𝟏𝟑
𝟓
) 𝟐 𝟏
𝟑 𝑪

Solution𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟏𝟑 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐚𝐜𝐞 �𝐢𝐧 𝟑 𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐬
𝟒
= 𝟖 𝐂𝟏 �
𝟓𝟐𝟑𝐂𝟏
Key -
𝟑
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟖. Three cards are successively with
drawnprobability of obtaining 2 aces and 1The
replacement.
king𝟏 is
𝟏) 𝟑 𝟐) 𝟑 𝟑 𝟒
𝟐 �

𝟑) 𝟑 )
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑𝟑
�

Solution 𝟏𝟑

𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞

𝐀𝐀𝐊, 𝐀𝐊𝐀, 𝐊𝐀𝐀
𝟒 𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟒 × ×
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟑
𝟑
𝟓𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟏𝟑 Key -
3
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟏𝟗. The probability of drawing 4 white and 2 black balls in
two drawing in succession from a bag containing 1
red, 4 black and 6 white balls , if the drawing is
𝟔𝑪𝟒 replacement is
without 𝟔𝑪 𝟒
𝟏𝟏
𝟒𝑪𝑪𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟏
𝟒𝑪𝑪𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝑪 ×
𝟏) 𝟏𝟏
𝟐
𝟐) 𝟕𝟏𝟎
𝑪𝟐 𝑪
×

𝟑)𝟏𝟏𝑪 𝟒)𝟏𝟏𝑪
𝟔 𝟐

𝟔 𝟐

𝟔𝑪 𝟒 𝟒𝑪
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟒 ×
Solution
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟐

𝟕𝑪𝟐
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟎. A bag 10 white and 8 balls. successi
drawings of 2blackballs
contain are made
Two. The
ve 1st
probability
draw that2 white
will give the and the 2nd draw will give 2
black if the drawing is without replacement is
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐
𝟖𝑪𝟐 𝟖𝑪𝟐
𝟏) 𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐 𝟐) 𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐 ×
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟐
𝟏𝟔
𝟖𝑪 𝟔 𝑪𝟐

𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟖
𝑪𝟐
𝟑) × 𝟒) 𝑪𝟐 ×
𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐 𝟖𝑪𝟐
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐 ×
Key -2
𝟏𝟔𝑪𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟏. A bag 5 white and 3 black 4 balls
successively
contains out and not replaced.
balls, The are
drawn
they are alternately ofchance
different that
colours
𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟕 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒 𝟏 𝟖
Solution
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐖𝐁𝐖𝐁 𝐨𝐫 𝐁𝐖𝐁𝐖 𝟓 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟒
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = × × 𝟔× 𝟓 + 𝟖× 𝟕 × 𝟔×
𝟖 𝟕
𝟓
Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟐. The probability of drawing two red balls in
succession from a bag containing 4 red and 5 black
balls, when the ball that is drawn 1st is not replaced
is 𝟏 � 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟖𝟏 𝟐) � � �
�

Solution � � �
𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟑 ×
𝟗
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟒
𝟖
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟑
𝟗
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = ×
𝟖
𝟏
=
� Key -
� 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟑. Four tickets numbered 00, 01, 10, 11 are
ticketplacedin
is drawn at random
a and replaced.
bag. A a ticket
Again
drawn at random. The probability that the is
numbers sumon the tickets drawn of the
𝟏
is 21 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟒 � � 𝟏
Solution � � 𝟐
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 = ሼ 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟏
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟐 𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟒𝟐 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟎
ሽ
= 𝟏𝟔
𝐏 𝐄= =
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒 𝟏𝟐 𝟏
=
) 𝟔 𝟖 Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟒. The key for a door to open is in a
bunchattempt to open
of 10 keys. A manthe door by trying the keys at
random discarding the wrong key. The probability
that the door is opened in the 5th trail is
𝟏) 𝟎. 𝟏 𝟐) 𝟎. 𝟑 𝟑) 𝟎. 𝟒)
𝟓
𝟎. 𝟕
Solution

𝟗 𝟖 𝟕 𝟔 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 × × × × =
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟖 𝟕 𝟔
𝟏𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟏
Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟓 If 𝐀𝟏 , 𝐀𝟐 , 𝐀𝟑 … … , 𝐀𝐧 are n events such
. , 𝐤 = 𝟏, 𝟐 … . . 𝐧; then the that
� independent probability
𝟏
𝐤+
𝐏
the𝐀� =𝟏
n eventsthat none of
occur is �
𝟏) 𝟏 𝟐 �
𝐧 𝐧
)
+𝟏 � +𝟏
𝟑 𝟒)
(𝐧 + 𝟏)(𝐧 𝐧
)
+ 𝟐)
�
Solution + 𝟏!

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 𝑨𝟏
∩ 𝑨𝟐 ∩ 𝑨𝟑 ∩ ⋯ 𝑨𝒏

= 𝐏 𝑨𝟏 )𝑷 𝑨𝟐 𝑷( 𝑨𝟑 )
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏 𝟐 �
= 𝟑. . … �
𝟐 𝟑 𝐧
.
𝟒 +𝟏
𝟏
=
𝐧
+𝟏

Key -
1
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟔. Two fair dice are tossed. Let X be the event that the
first die shows an even number and Y be the event
that the second die shown an odd number. The two
events X and Y are
𝟏) 𝐦𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞
𝟐) 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞
𝟑) 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝟒) 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭

𝐏 𝐗 = 𝐏 𝐘
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
Solution
𝟔 𝟐 𝟏
= = 𝟗 = 𝟔
𝐏 𝐗∩ 𝟗
𝟐 =𝐏 Key -
= =𝟑𝟔
𝟏
𝒀 𝟒 𝐗 .𝐏 𝐘 4
=
𝟔𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟕. Two persons A and B alternately throw a die and
the person who 1st throws 5 wins. If A starts the
game the probability of his winning is
𝟏 � � �
𝟏)
𝟔 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟑) 𝟏 𝟒)𝟏
� � �
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏
Solution

𝐩 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
𝟔
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟓 =
�
𝐪 �
=
𝐩 �
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
=
𝟏−
�
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏
�
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
�� �
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏
−
�

𝟏 �
�

𝟔
�
=
𝟏−𝟑
𝟐𝟓 𝟔
𝟔
𝟏
= 𝟏
𝟏
= 𝟏 × 𝟑𝟔
𝟑=
𝟔
𝟔 𝟔
𝟏𝟏 Key -
𝟏𝟏 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟖. A and B alternately throw a pair of symmetrical
dice. A wins if he throws 6 before B throws 7 and B
wins if he throws 7 before A throws 6. If A begins,
the probability of his winning is
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟑 𝟐) 𝟔 𝟑
𝟑) 𝟔
𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
Solution
�
𝐏 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
𝟑�
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟔 =
𝟔𝟏
𝐪 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
�
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟕 =
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 + 𝐏ഥ𝐪ഥ 𝟐 𝐏 +

𝐏ഥ𝐪ഥ 𝐏 + ⋯
𝐏 𝟓/𝟑𝟔
𝟑𝟎
𝟏 − 𝐏 𝐪ഥ
ഥ 𝟏 𝟑𝟏. 𝟓 =
𝟑𝟔
= −
𝟔
𝟔𝟏

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟐𝟗. A man alternately tosses coin and throws a die
beginning with coin. The probability that he gets a
head before he gets 5 or 6 on the die is
𝟏 𝟏 � 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟒)
𝟒 � �
𝟑) �
�
� � �
Solutio
𝐏 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
n
𝐚 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 = 𝟏/𝟐
𝐪 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠′ 𝐧𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝟏=
′ ′ 𝟐

𝟓 𝐧𝐨𝐫 ′𝟔 𝟔
= 𝟑𝟏
� =� Key -
� �
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 + 𝐪𝐩 + 𝟏−
�
�
=� 3
�
𝒒 �
𝒒𝟐𝒑 +⋯ =
�
� �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟎. The probability that a teacher will give a surprise
test during any class meeting is 3/5. If a student is
absent on two days, then the probability that he
will miss at least one test is
𝟏) 𝟗/𝟐𝟓
𝟐) 𝟒/𝟐𝟓 𝟑) 𝟐𝟏/𝟐𝟓 𝟒) 𝟏𝟑/𝟐𝟓
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥
𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐲
𝟐 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭
= 𝟏 −𝟐 ×
𝟓
𝟓𝟒 𝟐𝟓
−𝟒 𝟐𝟏
=𝟏− = = Key -
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 3
𝟐𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟏. A box contains 90 good and 10 defective screws. If
10 screws are selected at random the probability
that none is defective is
𝟗 𝟗𝟎𝑪𝟏
𝟗
𝟏) 𝟎 𝟐)𝟏 𝟎 𝟑) 𝟒) 𝟏 −𝟗𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
− 𝟎
𝟎 𝑪 𝑪𝟏𝟎
𝟎
𝑪𝟏
𝟎 𝟎

𝟗𝟎𝑪𝟏𝟎
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑪𝟏
𝟎

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟐. A box consists of 12 good pencils, 6 with minor
defects and two with major defects. A pencil is
chosen at random. The probability that this pencil is
not𝟑 defective is 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟓 𝟏 � �
𝟎 � �
𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟏
Solution

𝟏𝟐
𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = =
=
𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟏
Key -
𝟐𝟎 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟑. In a bag there are N balls out of which R are red. If
are drawn n balls from the bag,
at random
the probability that r of
𝐍𝐂
them𝐧𝐂 𝐫
are red is 𝐑𝐂 × 𝐍 − 𝐑
𝟏) �
𝟒) 𝐂
�
𝐫
𝟑) 𝐂
𝐑𝐂𝐂𝐫𝐫
𝐫
𝐍
𝟐) 𝐧−𝐫

𝐍
�𝐫
�
Solution𝐂𝐫
𝐑𝐂 𝐫 (𝐍 −
𝐑)𝐂𝐧−𝐫
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐍 =𝐂
𝐧

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟒. In a department there are two professors, four
readers and 6 Lectures. A committee of three persons
is to be formed out of the staff of the department .
The probability that the committee consists of at
𝟏 two lecturers
least 𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟒 �
𝟑
𝟖
Solutio �
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
n
= 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟
𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬
𝟔𝐂𝟐 . 𝟔𝐂𝟏 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞
+𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟔𝐂𝟑 Key - 𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬
= 𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟑 + 3
𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟓. From a of 3 4 and
economists,
group amathematicians,
of 4 is statistician
by lottery.
5
committee
probability thatthe selected s committee
The
and 2
consists of 2 mathematicians
statisticians is 𝟒𝑪
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟐) 𝑪
𝟐

𝟏) 𝑪
𝟑𝑪
𝟑 ×
𝟑
𝟒 𝟒
𝑪𝟐
𝟏 𝟒)𝟏𝟐
) 𝟒𝑪𝟐 𝑪
𝟒
�
𝟐 𝟒 𝑪
�

𝟑 𝑪𝟐 × 𝟒𝑪𝟐
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = Key -

𝟏𝟐 �
3
𝑪
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟔. Five men in a company 0f 20 are graduates. If 3
men are picked out at random. The probability that
at least one is a graduate is
𝟏𝟓 𝟒)𝟏 − 𝟓𝑪
𝟏) 𝟏𝟓𝑪𝟑 𝟐) 𝟑
𝟑)𝟏 −
𝟐𝟑 𝑪
𝟑

𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟑 𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟑 𝟐𝟎
𝟓𝑪 𝑪 𝑪𝟑
𝟎 𝟑
Soluti

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭

on

𝐧𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞
𝟏𝟓𝑪

= 𝟏 −𝟐𝟎𝑪
𝟑

Key -
3
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟕. A cricket 11 is to be selected at random out of 15
players of whom 4 are bowlers. The probability that
at least 3 bowlers will be(𝟒there is
𝑪𝟑 ×𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟖+𝟒𝑪𝟒×𝟏𝟏𝑪
𝟐) 𝟒𝑪 𝟒
) 𝟒𝑪
𝟏) 𝟑)
(𝟒𝑪𝟑+𝟒𝑪𝟒 𝟕
𝟏𝟓
) 𝑪𝟑 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟏
) 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟓 𝑪𝟏𝟏 𝑪
𝑪
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟒 𝐛𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟕
𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐧 +
(𝟒𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
× 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟒 𝐨𝐟× 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑 𝐛𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐰𝐫𝐬
𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟕 ) 𝟖 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐧
𝑪𝟑 𝑪𝟖 𝑪𝟒

= 𝟏𝟓𝑪𝟏 Key -
𝟏
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟖. Six and six girls to sit in a row at random.
boys probability that all the 6 girls sit together is
The
∠𝟔∠ ∠𝟔∠ ∠𝟔∠𝟔
𝟔 𝟕 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) ∠𝟏𝟐
∠𝟏 ∠𝟏 ∠𝟏𝟐
𝟐∠𝟔∠𝟕
𝟐 𝟐
Solution

𝐧 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟔 𝐛𝐨𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟔

𝐒 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐫𝐨𝐰
𝐧 == 𝟏𝟐!
𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟔 𝐛𝐨𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟔
𝐄 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥𝐬 𝐬𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥𝐬
𝐬𝐢𝐭
𝐭𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐞
Key - 𝐫
= 𝟕! 𝟔! 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟑𝟗. If the lettersof word MISSISSIPPI are arranged
the probability that all
at the 4S’srandom,
appear
consecutively
∠ is ∠ ∠𝟖 ∠
𝟖 𝟒 ∠𝟒 𝟔
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
∠𝟏 ∠𝟏 ∠𝟏𝟏 ∠𝟏
Solution𝟏 𝟏 𝟏

𝟏𝟏! 𝟖!
𝐧 = 𝐧
𝟒! 𝟒!
𝐒 𝟒! 𝟐! 𝐄 = ×
𝟒! 𝟐!
𝟒! Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟎. If n students are to be seated around a round
table at random, the probability that two particular
students will be together is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝐧 𝐧 𝐧 𝐧
−𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏
Solution

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐧−𝟏 ! 𝐧 𝐄=
𝐧 − 𝟐 ! 𝟐!

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟏. If 10 are to sit arounda round the
against two specified
persons table, persons sitting odds
together
𝟏 is � 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟕 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟏
�
� 𝟒 𝟒
𝟖! 𝟐!
Solution �
𝐏 𝐄 =𝟐
𝟗
=
!
𝐎𝐝𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝟗 𝐄 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐏
𝐄ത : 𝐏(𝐄)

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟐. If the letters of the word ASSASSINare
writtenin a row at
random,
𝟏 the probability
� that no𝟏 two S’s come𝟑
𝟏)
together is 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟕 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟏
�
� 𝟒 𝟒
𝟖! 𝟒!
�
= = .
Solution
𝐧 𝐧 𝐄 𝟓𝐂 𝟒
𝐒 𝟒! 𝟐! 𝟐!

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟑. Six boys and six girls are to sit in a row at random.
The
probability
∠𝟔 × that boys
∠𝟔∠and girls 𝟐∠𝟔sit alternately
𝟐∠is
𝟕𝑷𝟔 𝟔 ∠𝟔 𝟔
𝟏) ∠𝟏 𝟐) ∠𝟏 𝟑) ∠𝟏 𝟒)∠𝟏
Solution 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞
𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐁𝐆 𝐁𝐆 𝐁𝐆 𝐎 𝐆𝐁 𝐆𝐁 𝐆𝐁
𝐁𝐆 𝐁𝐆 𝐁𝐆 𝐑 𝐆𝐁 𝐆𝐁 𝐆𝐁
𝟐 × 𝟔!
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 × 𝟔! Key -
𝟏𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 3
!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟒. 100 tickets are numbered as 00, 01, 02,….. 09, 10,
11, 12……99 out of them one ticket is
drawn at random. The probability
that the product of the digits of the number on
the𝟏ticket is𝟏 0 is 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟗 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏 𝟐) 𝟏𝟎 � 𝟏
𝟎
Solution 𝟎 � 𝟓

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 = ሼ𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟏, … 𝟎𝟗, 𝟏𝟎,

𝟐𝟎, 𝟑𝟎, … 𝟗𝟎ሽ

𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧 𝐄=
𝐏 𝟏𝟗 𝐧𝟏𝟗
𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 Key -
𝐄 = =
𝐧(𝐒) 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟓. n biscuits of different shape and size are to be
distributed to N beggars at random. The probability
that a particular beggar receives r (r < n) biscuits is
�𝐂 𝐧𝐂 × (𝐍 − 𝐧𝐂
𝐧 𝐂𝐫 × 𝐧 − 𝟒)𝟏
𝟏) � 𝟐 𝟑) 𝟏)
𝐫
𝟏 � −
𝐧−𝐫
𝐍 𝐍
𝐍 )
𝐫 𝐫
𝐂 𝐂
𝐧
𝐧−𝐫
Solution𝐧 �𝐧 𝐧

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐧 𝐛𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐍

𝐛𝐞𝐠𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐬 = 𝐍𝐧
‘E’ be the event of select ‘r’ biscuits form ‘n’ in 𝐧𝐂𝐫 ways and give it to a

= 𝐧 (𝐍 − 𝟏)
𝐧−𝐫
(𝐍 in−
particular beggar and remaining (n-r) biscuits will be given to (N-1)
𝐂𝐫
Key -
𝟏) 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐧 𝐄
beggars
3
𝐧−𝐫
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟔. 10 pens of different shape and size are to be
distributed to 6 students at random. The probability
that a particular student receives 4 pens is
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝑪 × 𝟓𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝑪 ×
𝟏) 𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝟑) 𝟓 𝟒)
𝟏𝟎𝑪�𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 𝟒 𝟒

) 𝟔𝟏 𝟑𝟏
𝑪
� 𝟔 𝟎 𝟎
Solution

𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟒×𝟓𝟔
Required probability
𝟔𝟏𝟎

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟕. If n letters are placed into n addressed envelopes
at random,
theaddressed envelope
probability that atleast one letter
is 𝟏 𝟏 go into
will 𝟏
wrongly
𝟏) 𝟐 𝒏 𝟑)𝟏 − 𝟒)
� � ∠ ∠
� ) −𝟏 𝒏 𝒏
�
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐠𝐨 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨
𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐞𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞
=𝟏 𝟏
𝐧
− Key -
!
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟒𝟗. Assuming equal probability for the days, the
probability that the birthdays of five people will fall
on five different days of the week is
𝟕𝐏 𝟕𝐂 𝟓𝐂
𝟓
𝟏) 𝐏
𝟓 𝟓
𝟐) 𝟕𝟓 𝟑) 𝟕 𝟒) 𝟓𝟓
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟓 𝟓

Solution
𝐧 = 𝟕𝟓 , 𝐧 =
𝐒 𝐄 𝟕𝐏𝟓
𝐏 𝐄
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
= 𝟕) 𝐏𝟓
𝐏 𝐄=
𝟕𝟓 Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟎. Assuming that a of 365 days, the
that a group of 30 people have
year consist all different
probability
birthdays
𝟑𝟔𝟓 is 𝟑𝟔𝟓𝑷𝟑 𝟑𝟎𝑷𝟑
𝟏) 𝟑𝟎 𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟓 ) 𝟑) 𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝟒)𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟑
𝟎 𝟎
𝟑𝟎 𝟑

𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟑𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
Solution

𝐧 𝐒 = (𝟑𝟔𝟓)𝟑𝟎, 𝐧 𝐄 =
𝟑𝟔𝟓𝑷
𝟑𝟎

𝐏 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
= 𝟑𝟔𝟓
) 𝑷𝟑
𝐏
𝐄 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟑 Key -
𝟎

3
𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟏. The probability that the birthdays of
12 girls will fall on 12
different
𝟏 calender
𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟏month of 𝟏𝟐 a 𝑷
year is
𝟏) 𝟏 𝟒
𝟏

𝟐) 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟐 𝟑) 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟐 ) 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
𝟐𝟏𝟏
Solution

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟐, 𝒏 𝑬 =
𝟏𝟐𝑷
𝐏 𝐄
𝟏𝟐
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒
=
𝟏𝟐
) 𝑷𝟏
𝐏
𝐄 = 𝟏𝟐𝟑 Key -
𝟐

𝟎 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟐. Two children were picked at random and found to
have born in 1992 then the probability that exactly
one of them is born on 29th February is
𝟏 𝟑𝟔 𝟕𝟑
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏
𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟓× (𝟑𝟔𝟔)
𝟎 � ) )
� 𝟏𝟖𝟑 𝟐

�
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝟐; 𝐧� 𝐄 =
�
Solution

𝟐(𝟑𝟔𝟓) �
𝐏 𝐄
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒)
= ×
𝟐(𝟑𝟔
𝐏 𝐄 𝟓) �
𝟑𝟔𝟔 Key -
=
� 3
�
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟑. Three integers are chosen at random
without
from the 1st 20replacement
integers. The probability that their
product is even 𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟖
𝟔 𝟕 𝟓
𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟏𝟗 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Solution 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟐
𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 =
𝟏𝟏𝟕 𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐝𝐝 𝟏 −
𝟗 𝟗
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟒. Ten different lettersthe
of English alphabet are given.
these a word isOut of
formed using 5 letters. The
probability that
at least
𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝑷
one letter is repeated in the word is
𝟏) 𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟐) 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎
𝟓

𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝑷
𝑷
𝟓

𝟑)∠𝟏𝟎 𝟒) 𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟓

𝟓
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐧𝐨
𝟏𝟎𝑷
𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝
Key -
= 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎
𝟓

𝟓 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟓. Seven persons row
sit at random.
in a The
three persons probability
A, B and Cthat sit in
that order not necessarily side by side is
� 𝟕𝑪 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) ∠ 𝟐) ∠
𝟑
∠ ∠
�
𝟕 𝟕 𝟑 𝟕
Solution
𝟕
!𝟑!
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟕 =
𝟏/𝟔 !
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟔. Three persons A, B and C are to speak at a function
with 5 other persons. If the persons speak in random
order, the probability that A speaks before B and C
speaks before A in that order is
𝟏 𝟏
� 𝟖 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) � ∠ ∠
∠ ∠
𝟐) 𝑪
𝟑 𝟖
𝟖 𝟖
𝟑

𝟖
Solution
! 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 =
𝟑𝟖 !
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = ! 𝟑!
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟕. 9 personssit in a row at random. probability that
The
persons A, B, C and D sit in 4 that
order not necessarily side by side is
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
∠
𝟗𝑪𝟒 ∠ ∠ ∠
𝟏) 𝟗 𝟗 𝟒 𝟗
𝟗
Solution

! 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 =
𝟒𝟗 !
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = ! 𝟒!

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟖. There are m persons sitting in a Two them
row. selected at random. ofthe twoare
persons
The are not
probability that selected
𝒎−
together 𝐦 𝐦 𝐦
𝟏) 𝟏− 𝟐)𝟏 𝟑)𝟏 −� 𝟑𝑪 𝟒 −𝟑
𝟏𝑪 −𝒎𝟏𝑪 � 𝑪
− − )
𝒎𝑪𝟐
𝟐 �𝟐 �𝟐
𝟐

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =𝟏
Solution
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 −
𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫
𝐦
=𝟏 −𝟏
− 𝐦𝐂
Key -
𝟐
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟓𝟗. 5 persons entered the lift
cabin on the ground floor of an
the
eightcabin
floor at any Suppose
house. floor beginning with 1st floor,
each of them
the
independently
probability of all
leave
the 5 persons leaving at
𝟖𝑷
different 𝟕𝑷 is
floor � 𝟏
𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟖𝟓 𝟐) 𝟕𝟓 𝟑) � �
𝟓 𝟓 �
� �

𝟕𝑷𝟓
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟕𝟓

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟎. If n distinct balls are placed in n cells,
the probability that each cell will be occupied is
𝟏 𝟏 𝒏 ∠𝐧𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) !
𝐧𝐧− 𝐧 𝟑) 𝐧𝐧−
𝟏 𝐧 𝐧 𝟏
Solution 𝐧

𝐧!
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝐧𝐧

Key -3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟏. If n objects are distributed at
random to n persons, the
probability
𝐧 that at 𝐧
least one of them
𝟏 will not get
𝐧
anything
! is ! 𝟑 𝟒 !
𝟏) 𝟐)𝟏 −𝐧 ) 𝐧𝐧− ) 𝐧𝐧−
𝐧 𝐧 𝟏 𝟏
Solution𝐧

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐧!
=𝟏−
𝐧𝐧

Key -2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟐. Consider a lottery that sells 𝐧𝟐
tickets and awards n
getting at least
prizes. If oneone busy n tickets the
𝟏) prize is
probability of𝐧𝟐 his winning 𝟏 is
(𝐧 𝟐
𝟒
𝐧𝐧 i.e𝟐) 𝟏 −𝐧 𝐧
𝐂
𝟑
− 𝐧) ) 𝐧 𝐂
𝟐 𝐂
− 𝐧 �
𝟐 ) 𝐧
𝟐 𝐧
𝐧 � 𝟐
Solution 𝐂

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲

𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐧𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞
𝐧𝟐
=𝟏 −𝐧
𝐂
Key -
− 𝐧𝟐 �
𝐧

� 2
𝐂
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟑. A party of 23 persons take their seats at a round
table. The odds against two specified persons
sitting
𝟏) 𝟏 together is
𝟐) 𝟏𝟏 𝐭𝐨 𝟏 𝟑) 𝟏𝟎 𝐭𝐨 𝟏 𝟒) 𝟏 𝐭𝐨
𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟎
𝐏 𝐄 𝟐𝟏! 𝟐!
Solution
𝟐𝟐
=
!
𝐏 𝐄 𝟏
𝟏
=
𝟏𝟏
𝐏 𝐄 𝟎
𝟏
=
𝟏
𝑷 = Key -
𝑬ഥ : 𝟏𝟎: 𝟏 3
𝟏𝟔𝟒. 5 a, b, c, d, e are an election.
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

persons
persons contestingin
to be If one of Threed has
are uncontested,
selected. them
probabili would
selectedthe
selected ty that been
be c
is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) � � �
𝟒 � � �
Solution
𝐧
= 𝐧𝐨𝐒 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 ′ 𝐝
′ 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐝

= 𝟒𝑪𝟐
𝐧 𝐄== 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡
Key -
𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝟑𝑪𝟏 𝐜 𝐚𝐫𝐞 2
′ ′ ′ ′
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟓. Three numbers are chosen at random from the set
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9,10}. The probability that the
smallest of the three numbers chosen is even is
� � � 𝟏
𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟏 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟑) �
� � �
𝟐 𝟐 � �
Solution �
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟑

𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫

𝐢𝐬 𝟐, 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝟐 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝟖𝐂 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫
𝐢𝐬 𝟒,
𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟐 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝
𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝐂 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟐

𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐧

𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝟔, 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠

𝟐 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧
𝟒𝐂 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟐

𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐧

𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝟖, 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 Key -
1
𝟐 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟔. The probability that in a
random arrangement of the letters
of the
� word UNIVERSITY
� the
� 2 Is do not� come
together is
� 𝟒)�
𝟏) 𝟐) � 𝟑) �
� � � �
� � � �
Solution
𝟖!. 𝟗𝑪𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟏𝟎
=
!
𝟐!

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟕. A number is chosen at random from among 1st
50
natural
the numbers. The probability that
the number chosen is
either
𝟏 a prime 𝟏number or a 𝟏 multiple of 5 𝟏is
𝟐 𝟐) 𝟒 𝟒)
𝟏) � 𝟑) �
𝟐 𝟐
𝟓 𝟓
� �
Solution
𝐀 → 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫, 𝐁 → 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟓
𝐀 = ሼ𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟑, 𝟏𝟕, 𝟏𝟗, 𝟐𝟑, 𝟐𝟗, 𝟑𝟏,
𝟑𝟕, 𝟒𝟏, 𝟒𝟑, 𝟒𝟕ሽ
𝐁 = ሼ𝟓, 𝟏𝟎 … .
𝟒𝟓, 𝟓𝟎ሽ
𝐀∩𝑩=𝟓
ሼሽ
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐏 𝐀𝖴 = + − 𝐏(𝐀
𝐁 𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁 ∩ 𝐁)
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎− 𝟏
𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎
= +
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 = 𝟓𝟎
𝟐𝟒=
𝟓𝟎
𝐁 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟓

Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟖. n personare to sit in a row at random. The
two particular persons
probability thatare never
�
together � 𝐧− 𝟏
𝟏 𝐂𝟐 𝟒)
𝐧 � �
𝟏) 𝟐)𝟏 − 𝟑) ∠
� �
� 𝐧 �
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 −
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭
= 𝟏 𝐭𝐰𝐨
�
− 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚
𝐫
�
𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬Key -
𝐬𝐢𝐭2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟔𝟗. If A, B and C are three
events such that .
P(A)=0.3, P(B)=0.4, P(C)=0.8
P(A
P(A∩B)=0.12
∩B ∩C)=0.09
, P(A ∩C)=0.28
and P(A𝖴B then the
𝖴C)≥0.75,
P(B∩C) are limits
𝟏) [𝟎. 𝟑𝟐, 𝟐) [𝟎. 𝟐𝟑,
𝟎. 𝟓𝟐] 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖]
𝟑) [𝟎. 𝟏𝟗, 𝟒) [𝟎. 𝟐𝟏, 𝟎.
𝟎. 𝟒𝟒]
Solution 𝟏𝟗]
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁𝖴𝐂 =𝐏 𝐀 +𝐏 𝐁 +𝐏 𝐂 −𝐏 𝐀
∩𝐁 −𝐏 𝐁∩𝐂 −𝐏 𝐂∩𝐀 +𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁
∩ 𝐂)
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 𝖴 𝐂 = 𝟎. 𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟒 + 𝟎. 𝟖 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐
−𝐏 𝐁∩𝐂 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖 +
𝟎. 𝟎𝟗
𝐏 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟗

𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟏𝟗 − 𝑷(𝑩𝑪) ≤ 𝟏

−𝟎. 𝟒𝟒 ≤ −𝑷(𝑩𝑪) ≤-0.19

𝟎. 𝟏𝟗 ≤ 𝑷(𝑩𝑪) ≤0.44
𝟎. 𝟏𝟗, 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒 Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟕𝟎. If 3 squares are selected at random on a chess
board having
𝟖 × 𝟖 squares, then the probability that
ሼ𝟖𝑪𝟑 + 𝟐 𝟕𝑪𝟑 + 𝟔𝑪𝟑 + 𝟓𝑪𝟑 + 𝟒𝑪𝟑 they
+ will be in a
𝟑diagonal line is
𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟑
𝑪𝟑

𝟐ሼ𝟖
ሽ 𝑪𝟑 𝟕 + 𝟔 + 𝟓 + 𝟒
𝟏)+ 𝑪𝟑 𝑪𝟑 𝑪𝟑 𝑪𝟑

𝟐) + 𝟑𝑪𝟑 𝟔𝟒𝑪
𝟐ሼ𝟖𝑪𝟑 + 𝟐 𝟕𝑪𝟑 + 𝟔𝑪𝟑 + 𝟓𝑪𝟑 + 𝟒𝑪𝟑 +
𝟑𝑪𝟑 ሽ 𝟑

𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟑
ሽሼ𝟖𝑪𝟑 𝟕𝑪𝟑 + 𝟔𝑪𝟑 + 𝟓𝑪𝟑 + 𝟒𝑪𝟑
𝟑) +
𝟒) + 𝟑𝑪𝟑 𝟔𝟒𝑪 ሽ
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
Solution

𝟐ሼ𝟖𝑪𝟑+𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟕𝑪𝟑+𝟔𝑪𝟑+𝟓𝑪𝟑+𝟒𝑪𝟑+𝟑𝑪𝟑 ሽ

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟔𝟒𝑪
𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏𝟕𝟏. If4 squares are selected at random on a
chess𝟖 board
× 𝟖 squares,
having then the probability
that
diagonal
theyline is
will be in a
ሼ𝟖𝑪𝟒 + 𝟐 𝟕𝑪𝟒 + 𝟔𝑪𝟒 + 𝟓𝑪𝟒
+ 𝟒𝑪𝟒
𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟒
ሽ𝟐ሼ𝟖𝑪𝟒 𝟕𝑪 + 𝟔𝑪 + 𝟓𝑪 + 𝟒𝑪
𝟏) +
𝟐) + 𝟑𝑪𝟑 𝟔𝟒𝑪
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝟐ሼ𝟖𝑪𝟒 + ሽ𝟐 𝟕𝑪𝟒 + 𝟒 𝟔𝑪𝟒 + 𝟓𝑪𝟒

+ 𝟒𝑪𝟒
𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟒
ሼ𝟖 𝟕𝑪𝟒 + 𝟔𝑪𝟒 + 𝟓𝑪𝟒 +
ሽ 𝑪𝟒
𝟑) + 𝟒𝑪𝟒
𝟔𝟒
ሽ
𝟒) 𝑪

𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

Solution

𝟐ሼ𝟖𝑪𝟒+𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟕𝑪𝟒+𝟔𝑪𝟒+𝟓𝑪𝟒+𝟒𝑪𝟒+𝟑𝑪𝟒 ሽ

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟔𝟒𝑪
𝟒

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
1. The probability of a certain event is
4
𝟏 𝟏
1) 𝟎 2)� �
)
3) 𝟏 � �
Solution

By the definition of probability for any event E,

0≤P(E)≤1

P(certain event)=1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
2. If A and B are two mutually exclusive events then 𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁

=
3) 𝐏
1) 𝐏 𝐀
𝐀 +𝐏 𝐁 4)𝐏
− 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) 2)𝐏 𝐀
− 𝟐𝐏(𝐀+∩ 𝐁) 𝐀 .𝐏 𝐁
𝐏 𝐁
Solution

P 𝐀∩𝐁

=𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
3. If , A ⊂ 𝐁 then 𝐏 𝐀 ∩
𝐁𝐜
= 1) 2) 3) 4)𝐏
𝟏 𝟎 𝐏 𝐀 𝐁
Solution

𝐈𝐟 𝐀 ⊂ 𝐁, 𝐀 ∩
𝐁𝐂 = ∅
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
4. If A , B are subsets of a sample space S, then
1) 𝐀 ⊆ 𝐁 ⟺ 𝐏 𝐀 = 𝐏(𝐁) 2) 𝐏 𝐀
> 𝐏(𝐁) ⇒ 𝐀 ⊂ 𝐁

3) 𝐀 ⊆ 𝐁 ⇒ 𝐏 𝐀≤ 𝐏(𝐁) 4) 𝐀 ⊆ 𝐁 ⇒ 𝐏 𝐀
≥ 𝐏(𝐁)

Solution

If 𝐀 ⊆ 𝐁 ⇒ 𝐏 𝐀

≤ 𝐏(𝐁)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
5. A game consists of tossing a coin 3 times and noting its outcome. A
boy wins if all tosses given the same outcome and losses otherwise.
The probability that the boy losses the game is

1) 2) �𝟐 3) �
� �
𝟏
� 4) �𝟏 𝟑
� �
Solution

∴𝐏 𝐀 =𝟏−𝟏
𝐏 𝐀𝟑ഥ
=𝟏− =
𝟒 𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
6. A and B are among 20 persons who sit at random along a round
table. The probability that there are exactly six persons between A
and B is
1 2
𝟏 𝟏
3 4
𝟑 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
) )
𝟏
)
𝟏
𝟗 𝟎 ) 𝟎 𝟗
Solution

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
�
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= �
𝟏
𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
7. The probability of getting a head and 6 tails when an unbiased coin
is

1 𝟏 4
�
tossed 7 times is
𝟓
2) 𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝟕
3)
)
𝟏𝟐
) 𝟖
𝟏𝟐𝟖
�

𝟏𝟐𝟖
Solution

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟕𝑪
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟐𝟕
𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
8. The probability of getting at least one head when we toss 3
unbiased
1) 𝟑 2) 𝟓 4)
coins is
3) 𝟕 𝟏
�
𝟖 𝟖
𝟖
�
Solution
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟑𝐂
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝟐𝟑
𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
9. If a coin is tossed five times the probability of getting head and
tail
1 𝟏
4)
alternately
2) �
𝟑𝟏 𝟏
) 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
�
3) � 𝟔 �
Solution

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬
𝐧= 𝐄ሼ𝐇𝐓=𝐇𝟐𝐓𝐇𝐧,
𝐓𝐒 𝐇=𝐓𝐇𝟐𝐓𝟓 ሽ= 𝟑𝟐
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏
𝐏 𝐄 𝟐 =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟑𝟐
= =
𝟏𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
10. If a coin is so biased that head is thrice as likely to appear as
tail,

1) 𝟏
3)
then the probability of head is
𝟑
2) 𝟏 4) 𝟏
𝟒 𝟒
𝟐
Solution 𝟖

𝐏 𝐇 = 𝟑𝐏 𝐓
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏 𝐇 +𝐏 𝐓 =𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
11. A tosses 2 coins while B tosses 3. The probability that B obtains more

1) 𝟏
number of heads is
4
�
3
𝟏
2) 𝟏 �
)
�
) �
�
𝟒 �
𝟑

𝐎𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬, 𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐟 𝐨𝐟

Solution
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨
𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭.
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
12. The probability of getting at least 2 heads, when an unbiased coin is
tossed 6 times is

4
𝟑
3
𝟕
1) 2)
𝟔𝟑
𝟕
𝟔
)
𝟔
𝟓𝟕 ) 𝟒 𝟒
𝟔𝟒

𝟔𝟒
𝟔𝑪𝟐+𝟔𝑪𝟑+𝟔𝑪𝟒+𝟔𝑪𝟓+
𝟔𝑪 𝟔
Required Probability =
Solution
𝟐𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
13. A fair coin is tossed 4 times. The probability that heads exceed tails
in number is
1 4)
𝟑
3
𝟓
𝟏 2) 𝟏
) 𝟔
𝟏
)
𝟏
� 𝟕
� 𝟔 𝟔
Solution

Required Probability = probability getting 3 heads +

of probability of getting 4 heads
𝟒𝑪𝟑 +
𝟒𝑪𝟒
= 𝟐𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
14. If a coin is tossed 3 times the probability of getting one head or one
tail is
1) 2) 4
𝟏 �
� 3) 𝟐 �
𝟏
)
�
� 𝟐 �

Solution 𝟑

𝟑𝑪𝟏+𝟑𝑪𝟏
Required Probability =
𝟐𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
15. If a coin is tossed 3 times the probability of obtaining 2 heads or
2

1) 2) 3
𝟐
4
tails is
� � �
) )
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
𝟑
� � �
Solution

𝟑𝑪𝟐+𝟑𝑪𝟐
Required Probability =
𝟐𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
16. When a perfect die is rolled, the probability of getting a face with
even number of points upward is
1) 2
𝟏
3
𝟏
4
𝟏
� �
)
� �
) )
𝟏
� � � �
Solution
Favourable cases = ሼ𝟐,
𝟒, 𝟔ሽ

n(E) = 𝟑 𝐧
𝟏=
𝟑
𝐒 =𝐧 =
𝐧(𝐄)

=
𝟔
P(E)
𝐒 𝟔
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
17. A symmetrical die is rolled. If an odd number comes up on it,
then

1) 2) 3) 4)
the probability of getting a prime number greater than 3 on it is
� � � �
𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
� � � �
Solution
S = {1,𝟑, 𝟓ሽ 𝐄 = 𝟓

Required probability = 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟏

𝐧(𝐒) 𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
18. Two symmetrical dice are thrown. The probability of getting a sum
of 7 points is
1 3
𝟔
2
𝟒 𝟓
4
𝟏
𝟑
)
𝟑
) 𝟔
𝟑
) 𝟔 𝟔 )
𝟑
𝟔
Solution

Required Probability = 𝐫−𝟏 where 𝐫

=𝟕
𝟔𝟐

𝟕 − 𝟏= 𝟔 =
=𝟏
𝟔𝟐 𝟑𝟔
𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
19. Two uniform dice marked 1 to 6 are thrown together. The
probability that the score on the two dice is at the most 7
1 2
is 𝟓 𝟕
𝟏 𝟏 3) 4)
) 𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝟑
� �
𝟏
� �
Solution

𝟐−𝟏 + 𝟑
Required Probability

−𝟏 𝟔 − 𝟏 + (𝟕 + 𝟒−
= 𝟏 + 𝟓
− 𝟏) 𝟐
𝟔
−𝟏 +
𝟏+𝟐+𝟑+𝟒+𝟓 𝟐𝟏
=+ 𝟔
𝟐 𝟔 𝟕
= =
𝟑𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
20. Two uniform dice marked 1 to 6 are thrown together. The

2)
probability that the sum is neither 7 nor 11
1) 4)
𝟐 𝟓

3)
is
𝟕
𝟒
�
𝟗 𝟗
𝟗
�

Solution
Required Probability = 1-probability that sum is either 7 or 11

𝟖
=𝟏 𝟕 =
−
𝟑𝟔
𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
21. Two uniform dice marked 1 to 6 are thrown together.

1) 𝟏
probability that the sum is odd is The
3) 4
𝟏
2) 𝟏 � 𝟏
𝟒
𝟏
� ) 𝟐

n(E) = 𝟏𝟖 =
𝟑

𝐧 𝐒 𝟑𝟔
P(E) = 𝐧(𝐄)
Solution
𝐧
𝐒
𝟏𝟖
P(E) = 𝟑
𝟔
P(E) = �𝟏
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
22. In a throw with a pair of symmetrical dice the probability

2) 𝟐 is
of
1) 4)
3) 𝟏
obtaining a doublet
𝟏
�
𝟏
�
� 𝟑 �
Solution 𝟒

Favourable cases = ሼ 𝟏, 𝟏 𝟐, 𝟐 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟔
𝟑, 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 ሽ

n 𝐄
P= 𝟔,=𝐧𝐧(𝐄)
𝐒
=
𝟔
=
𝟏
𝐄= 𝟑𝟔
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟑𝟔
𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
23. When two symmetrical dice are rolled simultaneously, the
probability that both the dice show odd numbers is

1) 𝟏
3) 4)
2) 𝟐
𝟏
�
𝟏
�
𝟔 � �
𝟑

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟗, 𝐧 𝐒
= 𝟑𝟔
Solution

𝐧(𝐄) 𝟗 𝟏
= = =
𝐄
P
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟑𝟔
𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
24. The probability of getting at least an one when two dice are rolled

3) 4)
is
𝟏𝟏
1) 𝟑 2) 𝟑 𝟏
�
𝟏
𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟔
�
� �

Solution
Favourable cases = ሼ𝟏, 𝟏 , 𝟏, 𝟐 … 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟏 … . 𝟔, 𝟏
𝟏, 𝟔 𝟏 ሽ
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝐧 𝐒=
𝟑𝟔
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏 𝐄 𝟏𝟏 =
𝐧(𝐒)
=
𝟑𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
25. Three symmetrical dice are thrown. The probability that the
same
𝟏 will appear𝟏on each of them is 4 𝟏
1) 𝟐𝟏 3) 𝟑
number
𝟑
𝟑
) 𝟓
2) 𝟔 𝟔 𝟑𝟓 𝟔
Solution
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞 = ሼ 𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟏 𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟐
… 𝟔, 𝟔, 𝟔
ሽ
𝐧(𝐄 𝟔
𝐏𝐧 𝐄 =) 𝟔 , 𝐧 𝐏
𝐒 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝐄 = 𝟏
𝐧(𝐒 𝐄 = =
) 𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝟑𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
26. Three symmetrical dice are thrown. The probability of
having
2) 4
𝟏
different points𝟒on them is
1) 𝟑 3) 𝟓 𝟑
𝟑𝟓 𝟔 𝟗 ) 𝟔
Solution 𝟗

𝟔 𝐏𝟑 𝟓
=
�
Required Probability =
𝟔𝟑
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
27. Six symmetrical dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability of
having different points on them is
𝟔𝐩
1) 4
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
2) 3)
𝟔
𝟏
)
𝟑
𝟔𝟔
𝟔 𝟔 𝟖

Solution

𝟔𝐏𝟔
Required Probability =
𝟔𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
28. Three symmetrical dice are thrown. The probability of
obtaining
2 4
𝟏
3
a sum of 16 points𝟏is
1)
𝟏
𝟑 𝟕
) 𝟔 )
𝟔 𝟐𝟏
𝟏
) 𝟔 𝟐
Solution
Required Probability = (𝟏𝟗−𝐫)(𝟐𝟎−𝐫)
𝟐×𝟔
𝟑
Where r = 16
(𝟏𝟗−𝟏𝟔)
= (𝟐𝟎−𝟏𝟔)
𝟐×𝟔𝟑
= =
𝟑×𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟏
𝟐×𝟔 𝟐×𝟔×𝟔× 𝟑
=
𝟑 𝟔 𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
29. A cubical die is thrown 6 times . The probability that 2 and 4
will
3 !
turn𝟏up exactly 3 times each is 𝟔
1) 4)
2) 𝟔𝟔
𝟏
𝟑!
𝟔𝟔
𝟔! ) 𝟑!
Solution
Required Probability = (𝟏𝟗−𝐫)(𝟐𝟎−𝐫)
𝟐×𝟔
𝟑
Where r = 16
(𝟏𝟗−𝟏𝟔)
= (𝟐𝟎−𝟏𝟔)
𝟐×𝟔𝟑
= =
𝟑×𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟏
𝟐×𝟔 𝟐×𝟔×𝟔× 𝟑
=
𝟑 𝟔 𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
30. Two dice are thrown. The probability of getting a sum of less than
7

1) 𝟏
2) 𝟏 3) 𝟐
points or a double is
𝟔 𝟑 4) 𝟏
𝟑
Solution 𝟐

𝐧 𝐄 =
𝟑𝟔
= 𝟏𝟖 𝐧𝐧(𝐄)
𝐒 𝟏𝟖 𝟏
𝐏 𝐄 =
𝐧(𝐒 𝟑 𝟐
= =
) 𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
31. The probability that a leap year will have only 52 Sundays

1) 𝟔𝟒 2) 𝟓 4)
is
3) 𝟏
�
𝟕 𝟕
𝟕
�

Solution
𝐧 𝐄 =
𝟓𝐧 𝐒 𝐧(𝐄)
=𝟕
𝐏 𝐄 =
𝐧(𝐒 𝟓
=
) 𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
32. The probability that a leap year will have 53 Sundays or 53
Mondays
1) 2)
𝟏 𝟐
4)
3) 𝟑
is
𝟏
�
𝟕 𝟕
𝟕
�

Solution
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟑, 𝐧 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐒= 𝟕
𝐏 𝐄 =
𝐧(𝐒 𝟑
=
) 𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
33. The probability that a leap year will have 53 Sundays and
53
1) 2)
𝟏 𝟐
4)
3) 𝟑
Mondays is
𝟏
�
𝟕 𝟕
𝟕
�

Solution Favourable cases = {(S, M)}

n(E) = 1 n(S) = 7

P(E) = 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟏
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
34. The probability that a non-leap year will have only 52 Fridays
1) 2) 3) 4)
is 𝟑 𝟒
𝟓
𝟔
�
𝟕 𝟕
𝟕
�

Solution
𝐧 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄)
= 𝐏 𝐄
𝟔𝐧 𝐒 =𝟔
𝐧(𝐒
= 𝟕=
) 𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
35. The probability that in a month of March there will be 5 Wednesdays

3)
is
1) 𝟑 𝟓

4)
𝟕 𝟔
2) 𝟒
𝟕
𝟕
𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝟕 = 𝟏
= 𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐤𝐬 +
𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐛𝐞 (𝐌, 𝐓, 𝐖) (𝐓
Solution
𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝐖 𝐓𝐇) (𝐖 𝐓𝐇 𝐅)
𝐧 𝐄= 𝟑 , 𝐧 𝐒
=𝟕
𝐧(𝐄 �
𝐏 =) =�
𝐄
𝐧(𝐒 �
) �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
36. In a non leap year the probability of getting 53 Sundays or
53

3)
Tuesdays or 53 Thursdays
1) 𝟕 2)
𝟏 𝟐
� �
𝟑
4)
𝟕𝟒 � �

Favourable cases = ሼ𝐒,

Solution

𝐓, 𝐓𝐇ሽ

𝐧 𝐄
= 𝟑 𝐧 𝐧(𝐄
𝐒 �
𝐏 =) =�
=𝟕
𝐄
𝐧(𝐒 �
) �
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
37. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52
playing
4
𝟏 a face card or a six is
1 𝟏 2 3
𝟒 The probability
cards. 𝟑 𝟐 card is either
that the
𝟏
) 𝟑
𝟏
) 𝟑
𝟏
) 𝟑 ) 𝟑
Solution

Face cards are K, Q, J each contain 4 cards and no of six numbered

cards is 4 .

No of favourable cases = 4+4+4+4 = 16

𝟒
=
Required Probability = 𝟏𝟔 𝟓𝟐
𝟏𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
38. The probability of drawing a card which is a spade or a king from
a
4
𝟓
1 𝟏 2 3
well𝟐shuffled pack
𝟑 of playing𝟒cards is
𝟏
) 𝟑
𝟏
) 𝟑
𝟏
) 𝟑 ) 𝟑
Solution
No. of spades = 13
No. of kings = 4
Common cards = 1

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝐧 𝐒
= 𝟓𝟐
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏𝟔
𝐏 𝐄 𝟒 =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟓𝟐
= =
𝟏𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
39. In shuffling a pack of cards, four cards are accidentally

4
𝟏𝟑
dropped.
2
𝟏𝟑the cards dropped
1) 𝟏𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟑
!
𝟓𝟐
3) 𝑪𝟏𝟑 )
The probability that are one from each suit is
𝟓𝟐
)
𝟓𝟐𝑪
𝟒 �
𝑪 𝑪𝟒
𝟒 𝟒
𝑪 �
𝟒
Solution
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏 ×𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏 ×𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏
×𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏
Required probability = 𝟓𝟐𝑪
𝟏𝟑
=
𝟒

𝟓𝟐𝑪
𝟒

𝟒
[ There are four suits, in a pack and each suit consists of 13
cards]
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
40. If a card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52
playing cards, the probability that it is a court card is (Jack, Queen
& King are court cards)
1 2 3 4
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏 𝟕
𝟏
)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
) 𝟑 ) 𝟑 𝟑 ) 𝟑
Solution
No of court cards = 𝟒𝐉 + 𝟒𝐐 + 𝟒𝐊
= 𝟏𝟐
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟓𝟐
𝐏 = 𝐧(𝐄)
=
𝟏𝟐
𝐄
𝟑
=
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟓𝟐
𝟏𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
41. Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards.
The probability that they belong to different colours is
𝟏𝟑𝑪
1 2 3
𝟐×𝟏𝟑𝑪 𝟒𝑪𝟐×𝟏𝟑×𝟏 𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟏
4) 𝟓𝟐𝑪
𝟐
𝟑 𝟓𝟐 �
)
𝟓 𝑪 𝟓𝑪𝑪
) 𝟐
𝟐 𝑪
) ×𝟐𝟔
𝟐
𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
�

Solution

No of red cards = No of black cards =

26
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
42. The face cards are removed from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards.
Out of the remaining cards 4 are drawn at random. The probability
that they belong to different suits and different denominations is
𝟏𝟑𝟒 𝟏𝟑𝑪 𝟏𝟎𝑷 𝟏𝟑𝟒
1) 4)
2) 𝟒𝟎𝑪 3) 𝟒𝟎𝑪
𝟒 𝟒
𝟓𝟐𝑪 𝟒𝟎𝑪
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

Solution
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟏×𝟗𝑪𝟏×𝟖𝑪𝟏×𝟕
𝑪𝟏

Required probability = 𝟒𝟎𝑪

𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
43. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards numbered 2
to
53. The probability that the number on the card is a prime less
1 2 4
than𝟒 10 is 𝟑 𝟏
3
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
) 𝟑 ) 𝟑 )
𝟏
) 𝟑 𝟑
Solution
Favourable cases = ሼ𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓,
𝟕ሽ

n 𝐄 =
𝟒,
P 𝐧 =𝐒𝐧(𝐄)
𝟒
𝟏 = =
𝟓𝟐
𝐧(𝐒
𝐄 ) 𝟓𝟐
= 𝟏𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
44. In a game of bridge, the probability of a particular player
having
all𝟏𝟑the
𝟒
1) 2) 𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟏 4)
13 cards of red colour is
𝟏𝟑𝟐
𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝟓𝟐 𝟏 3)
𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝟓 𝟏
𝟑
𝑪 𝟏𝟑×𝟒 𝟐 𝟑
𝟑

Solution
𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟏𝟑

𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏
Required probability =

𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
45. From a well shuffled pack of 52 cards, 2 cards are drawn, one at a
time with replacement at random. The probability that both the
cards are not queens is
1 2 4)
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟔 3) 𝟏𝟔 �
) 𝟔 ) 𝟗 𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝟗
𝟏
�
Solution

No of non queen cards = 52 - 4 = 48

Required probability = 𝟒𝟖×𝟒𝟖

=

𝟏𝟒𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
46. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards.
Again a card is drawn at random from the remaining cards. The
probability that one is a king and the other is a queen is

1) 𝟖 3
𝟏
4
𝟒 �
𝟐𝟐
)
𝟔𝟔𝟑 𝟔𝟔
2) 𝟔𝟔𝟑 𝟏 )
�
𝟑

Solution
𝟒𝑪𝟏×𝟒𝑪𝟏
Required probability = 𝟐.
𝟓𝟐×𝟓
𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
47. In shuffling a pack of 52 cards 3 cards are dropped at random.
The

4
𝟔
probability that the missing cards should be of different suits is
1) 2)
𝟏𝟔𝟗 𝟐𝟔𝟏
𝟏
) 𝟕
𝟏𝟎𝟒
3)
𝟒𝟐𝟓 𝟒𝟐𝟓

𝟒𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏×𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏×𝟏𝟑𝑪
𝑪 𝟓𝟐 �
=𝟒
Required probability
Solution 𝟏
𝟑
𝑪 �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
48. A box contains 40 balls of the same shape and weight. Among the
balls 10 are white, 16 are red and the rest are black, if two balls are
drawn, the probability that one is red and one is black is

1) 3) 𝟏
𝟑 𝟓
2) 𝟔
𝟏𝟗
4) 𝟏
�
𝟒 𝟓 �

Solution

𝟏𝟔𝑪𝟏×𝟏𝟒𝑪𝟏
Required probability =
𝟒𝟎𝑪
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
49. There are 4 red, 3 black and 5 white balls in a bag. The probability
of drawing 3 balls of different colour is

1
𝟓
2 3 4
𝟑 𝟏 𝟕
𝟏
)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 ) 𝟏 ) 𝟏 ) 𝟏

Solution

𝟒𝐂𝟏×𝟑𝐂𝟏×𝟓𝐂𝟏
Required probability =
𝟏𝟐𝐂
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
50. A bag contains 3 red, 4 white and 7 black balls. Two balls are
drawn
at random. The probability that they are of different colours is
𝟔𝟏 𝟑𝟏
1) 𝟗 2) 𝟗𝟏 3) 𝟗 4)
𝟑𝟎 𝟏 𝟔𝟎 𝟗𝟏 𝟏

Solution
𝟑𝐂𝟏.𝟒𝐂𝟏+𝟑𝐂𝟏.𝟕𝐂𝟏+𝟒𝐂𝟏.
𝟕𝐂 𝟏
Required probability= 𝟏𝟒𝐂
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
51. A bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another contains 3 white
and 5 black balls. If one ball is drawn from each, the probability
that one is white and one is black is

2 4
𝟐
3
𝟓 𝟏
𝟏𝟑
1) 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
) )
𝟏
𝟒 𝟒 ) 𝟒 𝟒

Solution
𝟒𝐂𝟏
𝟓𝐂𝟏
𝟔𝐂𝟏 𝟖𝐂𝟏 𝟔𝐂𝟏
𝟐 𝐂𝟏
𝟖𝐂𝟏
𝟑𝐂𝟏
Required probability= . + .
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
52. An urn contains 7 green and 5 yellow balls. Two balls are drawn at
random. The probability that both the balls are of same colour is

1) 𝟐 𝟑𝟏
3) 𝟔
𝟏𝟏
4) 𝟔
𝟏
𝟔 2) 𝟔
𝟔 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔

Solution

𝟕𝐂𝟐+𝟓𝐂𝟐
Required probability =
𝟏𝟐𝐂
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
53. Three balls are drawn from a collection of 7 white, 12 green and 4
red balls. The probability that each is of different colour is

1 2
𝟒𝟖 𝟐𝟑
𝟔𝟒 3) 4)
𝟐𝟓𝟑
) 𝟐𝟓𝟑 ) 𝟕𝟐
𝟐𝟓𝟑
Solution 𝟐𝟓𝟑

𝟕𝐂𝟏×𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟏×𝟒𝐂𝟏
Required probability =
𝟐𝟑𝐂
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
54. There are three events A, B and C one of which and only one can
happen. The odds are 7 to 3 against A and 6 to 4 against B. The odds
against C are
1) 3 to 4 2) 4 to 3 3) 7 to 3 4) 3 to 7
Solution

=
� 𝟑
P(A) = �𝟑+𝟕
𝟏𝟎
𝟒
�
𝟔+𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟐
=
P(B) =
=
�
𝟓
P(A)+P(B)+P(C) = 1, odds against C are 𝐏
𝐂ത : 𝐏(𝐂)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
55. A single letter is selected at random from the word ARTICLE, the
probability that it is a vowel is

1) �𝟐 𝟑
2) � 3) �𝟒 𝟓
4) �
� � � �
Solution

No. of letters are =7, no. of vowels =

3 P(E) = 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
56. In a book of 100 pages, if a page is opened at random,
the
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏
probability that the number on it is a prime is
4) 𝟏
1) � 2) 3)
𝟑 𝟒
𝟖
�
Solution
n(E) = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦
𝟏𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓

n(S) = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦

𝟏𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐧(𝐄)
𝟐𝟓
P(E) = 𝐧(𝐒
=
𝟏
) =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
57. A letter is taken out at random from the English alphabet.
The
𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟐
probability that it is a vowel is
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
Solution

n(E) = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐯𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐥𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡

𝐚𝐥𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭 = 𝟓
n(S) = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡
𝐚𝐥𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭 =𝐏𝟐𝟔 𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟓
= 𝐧
𝐄 𝐒 𝟐𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
58. A single letter is selected at random from the word PROBABILITY.
The probability that it is not a vowel is
2 3 4
𝟐 𝟕 𝟓
1
𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
)
𝟏
) )
𝟏
) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏

Solution

n(E) = no of consonants in the word = 7, n(S) =

11
𝟕
P(E) = 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒 𝟏
= ) 𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
59. There are 100 pages in a book. If a page of the book is opened at
random, the probability that the number on the page is two digit
number made up with the same digit is
2) �
� 𝟏
1 4
� 𝟖
𝟏𝟎 𝟏
3) 𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏
) 𝟎 𝟎 )
�
𝟎
Solution

Favourable cases = {11,22,33….99}

n(E) = 9, n(S) =100

�
P(E) = 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐧(𝐒 𝟏𝟎
=
�
) 𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
60. If A and B are two mutually exclusive events such that P(A) =
0.55
and P(B) = 0.35 then 𝐩(𝐀ഥ 𝖴 𝐁ഥ)
1) 𝟒
𝟏
2) 𝟐
𝟏 3)
4) 𝟏
𝟖 𝟏
Solution

P(𝐀ഥ 𝖴 𝐁ഥ) = 𝐏(𝑨𝑩) = 𝟏 −

𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)

=𝟏−𝟎=𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
61. Out of the digits 1 to 9 two are selected at random and one is
found

1) 2) 3) 4)
to be 2, the probability that their sum is even is
� � 𝟕
� �
𝟑 𝟓 𝟏
� � � �

Solution

n(S) = 8, sum is even if other digit is even (i.e. 4 or 6

or 8)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
= 𝟏, P(A𝖴 𝐁) = 𝟏

𝐏 𝐀
62. If A and B are two events such that
𝟒 𝟑
and
P(B)𝟏= P, the value of P if 𝐀 ⊂ 𝐁
1 2) 3) 4)
𝟏 �
) 𝟐 𝟑
� � 𝟏
𝟐 �
� �

Solution

∴ 𝐀 ⊂ 𝐁; 𝐏 𝐀 =
𝖴𝐁 𝐏(𝐁)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
63. For two independent events 𝐏 𝐀= �𝟑 and = �𝟓, then
𝐏 𝐁𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 � �

1 4)
= 𝟑
𝟐𝟗
2) 3)
) 𝟐 𝟓
𝟑
𝟐
𝟑 𝟏𝟓

𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁
Solution
𝟑𝟐

= 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑𝟑𝟐
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 𝟓= +
𝐏 𝐀 𝟒 𝟖 𝟒𝟖
− .
𝟐𝟒 ++𝟐𝟎
𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 − 𝟏𝟓 𝐏 𝐁 − 𝐏
𝟑𝟐
𝐀 . 𝐏(𝐁)
𝟐𝟒 + 𝟐𝟎 𝟐
= =
−𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝟗
𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
64. In a class 40% of students read History, 25% Civics and 15%
both History and Civics. If a student is selected at random from
that class, the probability that he reads History, if it is known that
he reads Civics is
1) 𝟑𝟏 2)
𝟐
4)
3) 𝟑
�
𝟓 𝟓
𝟓
�

𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟓
𝐏 𝟐𝟓 𝐏 𝐇∩𝐂
= 𝐏 𝐂= =
Solution
𝐇 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎 � 𝐏(𝐇 𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 � = ∩ 𝐏(
𝐂)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐏
� 𝐂)
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
65. From a set of 17 cards numbered 1 to 17 one is drawn at
random. The probability that it is divisible by 3 or 5 is
4
𝟕
2 3
𝟓 𝟔
1
𝟒
𝟏
)
𝟏 𝟏
) )
𝟏
) 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
Solution
𝐀 → 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝟑 𝐁→
𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝟓
𝐀
𝐀→∩𝐁𝟑, =
𝟔,ሼ𝟏𝟗,
𝟓ሽ 𝟏𝟐, 𝟏𝟓 𝐁 = ሼ𝟓, 𝟏𝟎,
𝟏𝟓ሽ
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = = + −𝐏 𝐀∩
𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁 𝐁
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟓+𝟑−
=𝟏 = 𝟕
𝟏 𝟏
𝟕 𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
66. An integer is chosen from the 1st 200 positive integers.

1) 𝟐
The
4)
probability that the2) 𝟑
integer 3) is divisible
selected 𝟏 by 6 or 8 is
𝟓 𝟖 𝟒
𝟏
�
�
Solution

𝐀 → 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝟔 𝐁→
𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝟖
𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝐧 𝐀 𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟑 𝐧 𝐁 =
𝟔
= = 𝟐𝟓
𝟖 𝟐𝟎
𝐧 𝐀∩𝐁 𝟎 =
𝟐
𝟖
𝟒
=
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁
=𝐏 𝐀 + 𝐏 𝐁 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟓 −
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟖
𝟐𝟎
= 𝟓 𝟎
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟎
𝟐𝟎
𝟎
= 𝟏
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁
�
=
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
67. From a box containing 10 cards numbered 1 to 10, four cards
are
2 3 4
𝟓 probability𝟔that their sum is𝟏 even is
𝟏𝟏
1) 𝟐
drawn together. The
𝟐 𝟐
) 𝟏
𝟐
𝟏 ) 𝟏 ) 𝟏
Solution
Sum of 4 numbers is even if (i) 4 are even of (ii) 4 are odd or (iii) 2
even, 2 odd
𝟓𝐂𝟒+𝟓𝐂𝟒+𝟓𝐂𝟐.𝟓
𝐂𝟐
Required Probability = 𝟏𝟎𝐂
𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
68. A and B are two candidates seeking admission
in
probability
I.I.T.Thethat both A and B are selected is at the most 0.3. If the
probability of A's selection is 0.5, then the probability of B's

3) ≤ 𝟎. 𝟔 4)
selection if A and B are independent is
1) 0.6 2) <0.6
>0.6
Solution
P𝐀 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟔, 𝐏 𝐀 =
∩𝐁 𝟎. 𝟓
P𝐀 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟑
∩𝐁 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟑

≤ 𝟎. ⇒P(B)≤0.
𝐁 𝟎.𝟑𝟓 6
P
𝐀)𝐏(𝐁
P
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
69. Three students A, B and C are to take part in a swimming
competition. The probability of A's winning or B's winning each is 3
times the probability of C's winning. The probability of C's winning
if there is no tie is
𝟒 2) 𝟑 4) �𝟏
3) 𝟐
1) �
� 𝟕 �
Solution 𝟕

𝐏 𝐀 = = 𝟑𝐏(𝐂)
𝐏 𝐁
+𝐏 𝐂
𝐏 𝐀+ =𝟏
𝐏 𝐁
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
70. Three squares of a chess board having 8×8 squares being chosen
at random, the chance that all the three are black is
𝟑𝟐𝑪 𝟏𝟔𝑪
𝟖𝑪 𝟑 𝟒𝑪
𝟑
1) 𝟔𝟒𝑪 𝟔𝟒 3) 𝟔𝟒𝑪 𝟔𝟒
2) 4)
𝟑 𝑪 𝟑 𝑪

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Solution

𝟑𝟐𝑪𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐲𝐭 = 𝟔𝟒𝑪
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
71. A speaks truth in 75% of the cases and B in 80% of the cases.
The percentage of cases they are likely to concur with each other
in making the same statement is
1)25% 2)35% 3)50% 4)65%

𝟕𝟓
Solution
𝐏 𝐀 𝟖𝟎 𝐏 𝐁
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × [𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁
+ 𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ ]

= 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × [𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏(𝐁) + 𝐏
𝐀ഥ . 𝐏 𝐁ഥ ]
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
72. Three electric lamps are to be fit in a room. Three bulbs are chosen
at random from 10 bulbs having 6 good bulbs and fitted. The chance
that the room is lighted is
𝟏 𝟐
𝟐𝟖
1) 𝟑𝟎 3) 𝟑 4) 𝟑
𝟐𝟗 𝟎 𝟎
2)
𝟑𝟎
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟

𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐝 𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐛𝐬
𝟒𝑪𝟑
= 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎𝑪
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
73. The results of an examination in two papers A and B for 20
candidates were recorded as follows. 8 passed in paper A, 7 passed in
paper B, 8 failed in both the papers A and B. If one is selected at
random, the probability that the candidate has passed in both the
papers A and B is
� 𝟑
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟓
𝟐� 2) 𝟐𝟎 4) 𝟐
𝟐𝟎
1) 3)
𝟎 𝟎

𝟖 �
Solution

𝐏 𝐀 ,𝐏 𝐁 �
𝟐 𝟐
=
𝟎 � 𝟎 𝟏
𝟏−𝐏 𝐀 = ⇒ 𝐏 𝐀𝖴 𝐁𝟐
𝟐� 𝟐
𝖴𝐁
𝟎 𝟎
= =
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =

𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 =𝐏 𝐀 +
𝐏 𝐁 − 𝐏(𝐀 𝖴 𝐁)
𝟖 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟕 + −
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟑 𝟐
=
𝟐𝟎 𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
74. In a group of 25 people everybody is proficient either in Mathematics
or in Statistics or in both. Out of them 19 people are proficient in
Mathematics and 16 are proficient in Statistics. If a person is selected
at random, the probability that he is proficient both in Mathematics
& Statistics is
𝟏
1) 𝟓 2) 𝟐 𝟑
4) �𝟒
𝟓
3)

𝟓
�
Solution
𝟐 𝟏
𝐏 𝐌 𝖴 𝐒 𝟓 = 𝟏, 𝐏 𝐌 𝟗
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟓 𝟓
=
𝐏 𝐒 𝟔 =
𝟐
=
𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐏 𝐌𝖴𝐒 =
=𝐏 𝐌
+ 𝐏 𝐒 − 𝐏(𝐌 ∩ 𝐒)
𝟏 = 𝟏𝟗 + −𝟏𝟔
𝐏(𝐌 ∩
𝟐𝟓
𝐒)
𝟐𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟎
𝐏 𝐌∩𝐒 𝟓 −𝟏 =𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
=
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
=
𝐊𝐄𝐘 ∶
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
75. If the probabilities of two dogs A and B dying within 10 years are
respectively p and q, then the probability that exactly one of them

1) 𝐩 + 𝐪 − 𝟐𝐩𝐪 2) 𝐩 + 𝐪
will be alive at the end of 10 years is

4) 𝐩𝐪
3) 1-
pq

𝐀, 𝐁 → 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐨𝐠 𝐀

Solution

𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞

𝐏 𝐀ഥ = 𝐩 , 𝐏 𝐁ഥ = 𝐪
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 𝐀 + 𝑷(𝑨ഥ ∩

∩ 𝑩ഥ
𝑩)

+ 𝑷 𝑨ഥ
= 𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏 𝑩ഥ
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
76. The probability that the dog of Krishna will be alive 10 years hence
is
𝟏𝟓
𝟕
and that of Hari will be alive is 𝟕 . The probability that both
𝟏𝟎 the
dogs will be dead within 10 years is
𝟐𝟏 𝟒 𝟓
1) 𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟗
3) 𝟏𝟓 4) 𝟐
𝟎 𝟓
2)
𝟏𝟓𝟎

� �
𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁
Solution

𝟏𝟓
= =
𝟏𝟎
� �

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = = 𝐏
𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ 𝐀ഥ . 𝐏(𝐁ഥ)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
77. The probability that a man A will be alive for 20 more years is �𝟑
the probability that his wife will be alive for 20 more years is 𝟐� �
and
. The
probability that only one will be alive at the end of 20 years �
is 𝟒 𝟐 𝟕 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

� �
Solution

𝐏 𝐀 �𝐏 𝐁 �
=
� �
=
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 + 𝐏(𝑨ഥ ∩
= 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁ഥ 𝐁)
� �

=𝐏 +𝐏
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
78. A husband and wife appear in an interview for two vacancies in the
same post. The probability of husbands selection is 𝟏� and that of wife
is 𝟏𝟓. The probability that none of them will be selected
�
is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝟒
𝟑
2) � 3) 𝟑 𝟑
1) 4)
𝟓 � 𝟓 𝟓

Solution
𝟏 𝟏
𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁
� �
= =
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = = 𝐏
� �

𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ 𝐀ഥ . 𝐏 𝐁ഥ
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
79. From each of the three married couples one partner is selected at
random. The probability that 2 are males and one is a female is
𝟏
1) 𝟖
𝟏
2) � 3) �𝟑 4) �𝟏
� � �
Solution
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐌𝐌𝐅, 𝐌𝐅𝐌, 𝐅𝐌𝐌
𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟏. 𝟏. 𝟏 𝟏. 𝟏. 𝟏 𝟏.
= 𝟏. 𝟏 +
𝟐. 𝟐. 𝟐 𝟐. 𝟐. 𝟐 𝟐. 𝟐.
+
𝟐𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝟖 �
𝟖
= +
𝟑
𝟏
�

𝟖
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
80. A, B and C can solve a problem independently with
probabilities 𝟏 , 𝟏 and 𝟏. If all of them try independently
respective
𝟑 𝟒
the
probability 𝟓 the
that problem will be solved is
𝟏
1)
𝟔 2) �𝟑 𝟒𝟖
3) 𝟔 𝟓𝟕
4) 𝟔
𝟎 � 𝟎 𝟎
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐏 𝐀 𝐏 𝐁 𝐏 𝐂
� � �
= =
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
=
� 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
� � =𝟏−
𝐏(𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ 𝐂ഥ )
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
81. Counters numbered 1, 2, 3 are placed in a bag and one is drawn at
random and replaced. The operation is being repeated three
times. The probability of obtaining a total of 6 is
𝟔 𝟕 𝟓
1) 𝟕
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
3) 4)
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
𝟗
2)

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑
→𝟔
Solution

𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟐 → 𝟏 = 𝟕
𝐧 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏 𝐄 𝟕 =
𝐧(𝐒)
=𝟕𝐧 𝐒
𝟐𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
82. From a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards 4 cards are drawn,
one at a time without replacement at random. The probability
that they are aces is

× × ×
𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
𝟏𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟏 𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟑𝟑
1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟒𝟗
𝟏𝟑𝟑
Solution

𝟒 𝟑 𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏 × 𝟓𝟏 × 𝟓𝟎×
𝟓𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟒𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
83. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. It is
replaced in the pack after noting its colour. Again a card is drawn at
random. The probability that both the cards drawn may be hearts is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟐

𝟏𝟑
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏𝟑 ×
𝟓𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟓𝟐
=𝟏×
𝟏
𝟒
𝟒
= 𝟏
𝟏
𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
84. There are 6 red and 5 black balls in a bag. Two balls are drawn at
random one after another with replacement. The probability that one
is red and one is black is
𝟑
𝟑𝟎 𝟔𝟎
4) 𝟔
1)
𝟏𝟐𝟏
2) 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟐𝟏
𝟑𝟔
3)

Solution
Required Probability = Probability of drawing red first black second +
probability of drawing black first red second

𝟔 𝟓 𝟓 𝟔
= 𝟔. + . 𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐
=
𝟏𝟏 𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
85. The probability of drawing 4 white and 2 black balls in two drawings
in succession from a bag containing 1 red, 4 black and 6 white balls,
if the drawing is with replacement is
𝟔𝑪𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝑪
𝟔𝑪𝟒 × 𝟒𝑪𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟒 .
𝟐
𝟏𝟏 � 𝟕 𝟏𝟏𝑪 4) 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟐
1) 2) 3)
𝟏𝟎𝑪
𝟐𝑪𝟔
𝟒𝒄
𝟏𝟏𝒄𝟐𝟐 𝑪 � 𝟔

Solution

𝟔𝐂𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝐂𝟒 .
Required Probability =
𝟒𝐂
𝟏𝟏𝐂𝟐𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
86. A bag contains 10 white and 8 black balls. Two successive drawings of
2 balls are made. The probability that the 1st draw will give 2 white
and the 2nd draw will give 2 black if the drawing is with replacement
is
1) 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐
×
𝟖𝑪𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐
×
𝟖𝑪𝟐
4) 𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟐 ×
𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐 𝟏
𝟔𝒄𝑪 𝟏
2) 3)
+𝟖𝒄 𝟖 𝟐 𝟖 𝒄𝟐
𝟐 𝟏𝟔𝑪𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐
𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟐 𝟐

Solution

×
𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟐 𝟖𝐂 𝟐
𝟏𝟖𝐂𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝐂𝟐
Required Probability =
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
87. A bag contains 8 red and 5 white balls. Two successive drawings of 3
balls are made. The probability that the 1st draw will give 3 white
and the 2nd draw will give 3 red balls, if the drawing is with
replacement is
𝟓𝑪𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝑪 𝟏𝟎𝑪
𝟓𝑪 𝟖𝑪𝟑
×
𝟐
𝟔
1)
𝟏𝟑 2)𝟏𝟑 𝟑 3) 𝟏𝟏 4) 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟐
𝟑 � 𝟏𝟑𝑪 �
𝑪 � 𝑪 𝟑 𝑪 �
Solution

×
𝟓𝐂𝟑
𝟏𝟑
𝟖𝐂𝐂𝟑𝟑
Required Probability =
𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
88. A bag contains 8 red and 5 white balls. Two successive drawings of 3
balls are made. The probability that the 1st draw will give 3 white
and the 2nd draw will give 3 red balls, if the drawing is without
𝟓𝑪𝟑
replacement is
×
𝟖𝑪𝟑 𝟖𝑪𝟑
1)
𝟏𝟑
𝟓 𝑪𝟑𝟑 2)𝟏𝟑 ×
𝟓𝑪𝑪 +𝟖𝑪 𝟓 𝑪𝟑×𝟖
𝟑 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝑪𝟑𝟑 𝑪
𝟑𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟑 𝟑
3) 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 4) 𝟏𝟑𝑪
𝟑
Solution

×
𝟓𝐂 𝟖𝐂
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎
Required Probability =
𝟑 𝐂 𝟑 𝐂

𝟑 𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
89. A bag contains 3 white, 3 black and 2 red balls. One by one 3 balls
are drawn without replacing them. For only the 3rd ball to be red
the probability is
𝟏
1) 𝟐 2)𝟐𝟑 𝟓
3)𝟐 4)𝟐𝟕
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
Solution

𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝐁

𝐖 𝐨𝐫𝟔 𝐑𝟓
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐁 𝟐
𝟖 𝟕
= × ×
𝟏𝟎
𝟔
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟓 =
𝟓 𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟔 𝟖
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
90. One bag contains 7 red marbles and three white marbles. Three
marbles are drawn from the bag in succession without replacement.
The probability that the 1st two are red and third is white is
𝟕
1)
𝟑 2)𝟏𝟖 3)�𝟏 𝟕
4)𝟒
𝟗 𝟕 � 𝟎
Solution
𝟕 𝟔
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟑 × 𝟗×
𝟏𝟎
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟖
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟒𝟕
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
91. In a shooting test, the probabilities for 3 persons A, B, C to hit the
target are 𝟐𝟏 , 𝟑𝟐 and 𝟑. If all of them simultaneously aim at the
target,
the 𝟒
probability for exactly two persons hitting the target
𝟏
2)𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟑
is
𝟑𝟖 𝟐 4) 𝟐
1)
𝟐 𝟒
3)
𝟒 𝟒
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
=
+ 𝐏(𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁
𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂ത + 𝐏 𝐀 ∩C)
= 𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏 𝐁 . 𝐏 𝐂ത + 𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏 𝐁ഥ
∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ 𝐂
.𝐏 𝐂 + 𝐏 𝐀ഥ . 𝐏 𝐁 . 𝐏(𝐂)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
92. India plays two matches each with West Indies and Australia. In any
match, the probabilities of India getting points 0, 1 and 2 are 0.45,
0.05 and 0.50 respectively. Assuming that the outcomes are
independent, the probability of India getting atleast 7 points is
1) 0.875 2) 0.0875 3) 0.0625 4)
0.0250
Solution
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
(𝟐𝟐𝟐) → (𝟐𝟐𝟐)
=𝟒 𝟒!
𝟑! →𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 𝟒

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟒 × = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
93. A bag contains 3 white, 3 black and 2 red balls. 3 balls are drawn one
after another without replacement. The probability that the third
ball drawn is red is
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
4) �𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
1) 2) 3)
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 �
Solution
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 (𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝐁) 𝐑𝐑; 𝐑 (𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝐁) 𝐑;
𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝐁) (𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝐁)𝐑
𝟔𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟔𝟏 𝟔𝟓 𝟐 𝟏
𝟖 𝟕=𝟔.. 𝟖+𝟕 . 𝟔 . 𝟖+𝟕 . . 𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟔 =
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
94. Two persons A and B alternately throw a die. The person who 1st
throw 4 or 5 wins. If A starts the game, the probability of his winning
is

𝟏
1) � 2) �𝟐 𝟑
3) � 4) �𝟒
� � � �

𝟐 �
Solution
𝐏 =𝟏 = ⇒𝐪 �
𝟔
=
𝟑 � 𝐩
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩 + 𝐪𝐪𝐩
� + 𝐪𝐪𝐪𝐪𝐩 + ⋯ ∞ =
𝟏−
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐪𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏
�
=
�� �
𝟏
−𝟏 �
�
�

𝟑 �
=𝟏
�
𝟒
−𝟏 �
𝟑
=
�

𝟏� 𝟗
�
𝟑
= � × =
KEY :
𝟑 𝟓 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
95. A pair of dice is rolled till a sum of either 8 or 9 is obtained. Then
the
probability that 8 comes𝟕 before 9 is
1) �𝟒 2) �𝟓 3) � 4) �𝟔
� � � �

𝐏 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
Solution

𝐨𝐟 �𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
= �
𝐪 =𝟑𝟔𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐧𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐧𝐨𝐫
= 𝟑
�
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
=
𝐪 𝐩 +�
𝐪𝐩 +
�
𝟐
𝟏−
=
�
𝐪
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
�
=
𝟏�
−𝐪
𝟑𝟓
=
𝟔 �
𝟏 �
− �
𝟑𝟔
𝟓 �
=
𝟏
�
𝟓� �

𝟒 =
�
= × �
𝟑𝟔
KEY :
� 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
96. A and B alternately cut a card each from a pack of cards with
replacement and pack is shuffled after each cut. If A starts the game
and the game is continued till one cuts a spade, the respective
probabilities of A and B cutting a spade are
1) ,
𝟏 𝟐
𝟑
, 𝟏 𝟕
2)
,𝟕
𝟕
4)
,𝟕
𝟑 𝟒
3)
𝟒 𝟑
𝟏
𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 𝟒
𝟑
𝐏 𝟏= 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟓
Solution

𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐝𝐞 =
= 𝟐
� 𝟏
𝐪 = 𝟏−𝐩
�
=𝟏−
�
=𝟑
�
�

�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟏
𝐩 �
𝐏(𝐀) =
= �𝟑 �
𝟏 − 𝐪𝟐 𝟏
𝟒
−
�

𝟏𝟔 𝟏
=𝟒 ×
=
𝟕 𝟒
𝟕

KEY : 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
97. 3 mangoes and 3 apples are in a box. If two fruits are chosen at
random, the probability that one is a mango and the other is
an apple is
𝟓 𝟏 𝟕
𝟑
1) � 𝟑 𝟑
2) � 3) 4)
� � 𝟔 𝟔

Solution

𝟑𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟑𝑪 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟔𝑪
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
98. From a group of 3 mathematicians, 4 statisticians and 5 economists,
a committee of 4 is selected by lottery. The probability that the
committee consists of 4 economists is
𝟓𝐂 𝟏𝟑𝐂
𝟕𝐂 𝟒 𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 4) 𝟏𝟐𝐂
3)
𝟒𝐂𝐂𝟒𝟒
1) 2)
𝟒 𝐂

𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Solution
𝟓 𝑪𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏𝟐𝑪
𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
99. Four persons are chosen at random from a group containing 3 men,
2 women and 4 children. The probability that exactly two of them
will be children is
𝟓 𝟔
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐
1)
𝟐
2)
𝟐 3) 𝟐 4) 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Solution

𝟒𝑪𝟐 × 𝟓 𝑪𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟗𝑪
𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
100. From 7 gentlemen and 4 ladies, a committee of 5 is to be formed.
The probability that this can be done so as to include at least one
lady is

𝟕𝑪 𝟒𝑪
3) 𝟏
𝟕𝑪𝟓
4) 𝟏
− −
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟓
1) 2)
𝟓 𝑪𝟓 𝟏 𝑪𝟓 𝟒𝑪𝑪𝟓
𝟏

Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐞
𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐧𝐨 𝐥𝐚𝐝𝐲
𝟕𝐂𝟓
= 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏𝐂
𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
101. Six boys and six girls are to sit in a row at random. The probability
that all the six girls and all the six boys sit together is

𝟔!𝟔! 𝟔! 𝟐!𝟔!𝟔! 𝟐!
𝟔!𝟕!
3) 4)
𝟕!
1) 2)

𝟏𝟐!
𝟏𝟐!
𝟏𝟐!
𝟏𝟐!
Solution

𝐧 = 𝟏𝟐!, 𝐧 = 𝟐 × 𝟔!
𝐒 𝐄 × 𝟔!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
102. The probability that all the vowels of the word EAMCET come
together, when the letters are arranged at random is
𝟏
1) �𝟏 2) � 𝟏
3) � 4) �𝟏
� � � �

Solution
𝟔 𝟑
𝐧 𝐒 ! ,𝐧 = 𝟒! !
= 𝐄 ×
𝟐 𝟐
! !
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
103. 4 boys and 7 girls are to sit in a row at random. The probability that
no two boys will sit together is
𝟕! 𝟕!
×𝟖𝑷𝟒 ×𝟖𝑪𝟒 𝟕!
𝟕!
1) 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 4) 𝟏𝟏
×𝟒! ! ! ! ×𝟖! !
2) 3)

Solution

𝐧 = 𝟏𝟏! 𝐧 = 𝟕! ×
𝐒 , 𝐄 𝟖𝑷𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
104. Six boys and six girls are to sit around a round table. The
probability that boys and girls sit alternately is

𝟓!×𝟓! 𝟓!𝟔! 𝟓!
4) 𝟏𝟐
𝟔!𝟔! 𝟔! !
1) 2) 3)

𝟏𝟏! 𝟏𝟏!
𝟏𝟐!

𝟓!
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟔!
𝟏𝟏
Solution
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
105. 100 tickets are numbered as 00, 01, 02 ..... 09, 10, 11, 12, ..... 99 out of
them one ticket is drawn at random. The probability that the sum
of the digits of the number on the ticket is 9 is
� � 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟎
1) 2) � 3) 4)
𝟎 𝟎
�
𝟎 𝟎
Solution
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 = ሼ𝟗, 𝟖, 𝟕, 𝟔, 𝟓,
𝟒, 𝟑, 𝟐, 𝟏, 𝟎ሽ

= 𝟎𝟎= 𝟎𝟏𝐧(𝐒)
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏(𝐄) 𝟎
= 𝟏𝟎
= 𝟏 𝟎
𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
106. From a set of 17 cards numbered 1 to 17, one card is drawn at
random. The probability that the number on the card is divisible by
2 or 3 is
𝟓 𝟔 𝟖
𝟏𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 3) 𝟏 𝟏
1) 2) 4)
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕

𝐧(𝐒) = 𝟕
Solution

𝟏𝟕
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏
= 𝟏𝟕 + 𝟕
𝟐 𝟑
− =𝟖+𝟓−𝟐
𝟔
= 𝟏𝟏
𝐧(𝐄
𝐏(𝐄) )
𝐧(𝐒
=
)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

group of n people (𝐧 ≤ 𝟑𝟔𝟓) have all different birthdays is

107. Assuming that a year consits of 365 days, the probability that a

𝟑𝟔 � 𝐧𝐏
𝟓
𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝟑𝟔𝟓 3) 𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝟑𝟔𝟓
1) 2) 4)
𝐧
�
𝐧 𝟑𝟔𝟓𝐧𝐏𝐧 𝐧

𝐧(𝐄
𝒏
Solution
)=
𝐧(𝐒)
𝟑𝟔𝟓
=
𝐏𝐧

𝟑𝟔𝟓𝐧
𝐧(𝐄
𝐏(𝐄)
= )
𝐧(𝐒 𝟑𝟔𝟓
)
𝐏

𝐏(𝐄) = 𝟑𝟔𝟓
𝐧

𝐧
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
108. Three integers are chosen at random without replacement from the
1st 20 integers. The probability that their product is odd is
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗

𝐧(𝐒)
Solution

=
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝟑 ′
𝐧𝐨 𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐝𝐝 𝐢𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐥
𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟑𝟑 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐝𝐝
𝐭𝐡𝐞
𝐧(𝐄)
= 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝑪
𝐏(𝐄
) 𝐧(𝐄 = 𝟐𝟎𝑪
𝟑

)
= 𝐧(𝐒 𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
109. The probability that a selected two digited number from two digited
numbers formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; without repetition is
1) �𝟏 2) �𝟑 3) �𝟒 4) �𝟐
� � � �
Solution

𝐧(𝐒) = 𝐍𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡

𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝟓 × 𝟓

𝐧(𝐄) = 𝐍𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐰𝐨

𝐧(𝐄)
𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐏(𝐄)
′ 𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐭
= 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝟐𝟎
𝐧(𝐒)
= =𝟓×𝟒
𝟐𝟓
=𝟒
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
110. 5 letters A, B, E, L, T are written on 5 tickets and then the tickets
are arranged at random. The probability that the letters on the
tickets arranged at random is the word TABLE is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1) 𝟏 2) 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟑
3) 4)
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎

Solution

Required Probability = 𝟓𝟏
!
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
111. There are m persons sitting in a row. Two of them are selected at
𝐦−𝟏𝐂 𝐦−𝟏𝐂
random. The probability that the two selected persons are together
𝐦−𝟏
4) 𝟏 −
𝟐 𝟐
𝐦𝐂𝟐 2) 𝐦𝐂 𝐦𝐂
𝐦−𝟑
3)
𝟐
1)
𝐦𝐂 𝟐 𝟐
Solution

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐦𝐂𝟐 the seating arrangement of m persons may be

𝐚𝟏 𝐚𝟐 𝐚𝟑 𝐚𝟒 … 𝐚𝐦
pairs of persons sitting together are 𝐚𝟏 𝐚𝟐 𝐚𝟑 𝐚𝟒 … 𝐚𝐦−𝟏 𝐚𝐦
𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐦−𝟏 𝐢𝐧 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫
𝐧 𝐄= 𝐦 − 𝟏 = 𝐧(𝐄)= 𝐦
− 𝟏
𝐧(𝐒) 𝐂
𝐏 𝐄 𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
112. An elevator starts with m passengers and stops at n floors (m≤ 𝐧)
.
2) 𝟏
𝐦 probability
The 𝟏
that no two persons alight at4)the −
same floor is
1) 𝐧 �
−
3)
𝐦 𝐧𝐏𝐦𝐧 𝐧𝐏𝐦 𝐧
� 𝐦 𝐦
Solutio
n
= 𝐧𝐨
𝐧 𝐒 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐦 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐧
𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
= 𝐧𝐦
𝒏 𝑬 𝒏𝒑𝒎 = 𝒏𝒑𝒎
p 𝑬 =
𝒏𝒎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
113. An elevator contains 5 passengers and stops at 10 floors. The
probability that no two passengers get down at the same floor is
𝟏𝟎𝐏 𝟏𝟎𝐏
2) 𝟏
𝟓 𝟓
4) 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏
−
𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟓
1)
𝟎 𝟎
3)

Solution

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟏𝟎𝐏𝟓
(𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐧(𝐄)
𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)
𝐏 𝟏𝟎
= =
𝐏𝟓
𝐄 𝐧(𝐒)
𝟏𝟎𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

channels (𝐍 > 𝐌). The probability that not more than one
114. M telegrams are to be distributed at random over N communication

𝑴𝑪
telegram will be sent over each channel
𝐍𝐂 𝑵𝑷 𝐌𝐏
𝐌 𝑵 𝑴 𝐍
1) 𝐍𝐌
2) 𝑵 3) 𝑵 4) 𝐍
𝑵 𝑴 𝐧

𝐧(𝐒)
Solution

= 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌 𝐭𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐬

𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫
𝐧(𝐄 𝐍 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡
)= 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐨
𝐍 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌 𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫
𝐍
𝐌 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐧 =
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏(𝐄) 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝐍𝐏𝐌
𝐧(𝐒 =
= 𝐍 𝐏 𝐌 𝐍
)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
115. The letters forming the word CLIFTON are placed at random in a
row. The probability that the two vowels come together is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑

4) 𝟒
1) 2) 3)
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
𝟕

Solution
𝟔!
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟐! =
𝟕
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟐/𝟕
!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
116. 5 boys and 3 girls sit in a row at random. The probability that no
two girls sit together is
𝟑 𝟓 𝟗 𝟕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

Solution
𝟓! 𝟔𝐩𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟖
!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
117. Dialling a telephone number to his daughter an old man forgets the
last two digits and dialled at random remembering only that they
are different. The probability that the number dialled is correct is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟒 𝟗𝟎
1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟑𝟓
Solution

𝐧(𝐒) = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐧𝐨′𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡

= 𝟎
𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐬
𝐧(𝐄
×𝟗
)
𝐏(𝐄 = 𝟏 𝟏
𝐏(𝐄)
) 𝐧(𝐄 𝟏𝟎
) =
= 𝐧(𝐒 = ×𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
118. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ..... n are arranged in a random order. The
probability that the digits 1and 2 appear as neighbors in the order
named is
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝐧(𝐧−
3)
1) 𝐧−𝟐 𝐧−𝟏
𝐧 𝟏)
2) 4)

𝐧(𝐒)
Solution

= 𝐧!
𝐧(𝐄) =
(𝐧−)!
𝐏(𝐄) 𝐧(𝐄) = (𝐧−𝟏)!
=
𝟏
=
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
119. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ..... n are arranged in a random order. The
probability that the digits 1, 2 and 3 appear as neighbors in the
order named is
1) 𝟏 2) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐧 𝐧− 3) 𝐧(𝐧−𝟏)
𝟏
4)
𝐧−𝟐

Solution

𝐧−𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 ! 𝐧
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
120. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 a five digit number is formed. The
probability of having 2 in the units place is
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
3) 𝟒
𝟓 𝟓
1) 2) 4)
𝟓 𝟓

Solution

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 = 𝟓!

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝟐 𝐢𝐧

𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞 = 𝟒!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
121. Fifty tickets are serially numbered 1 to 50 one ticket is drawn from
these at random. The probability that the number on it is a multiple
of 3 or 4 is
𝟏𝟐
1) 𝟐
𝟏𝟒
2) 𝟐 3) �𝟐 4) �𝟏
𝟓 𝟓 � �

𝟓
Solution

𝐀 → 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟎𝟑 =
𝟑𝐧 𝐀 𝟏𝟔
= 𝟓
𝐁 → 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟎� =
𝟒𝐧 𝐁 𝟏𝟐
𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 → 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞
=
�
𝐨𝐟 𝟏𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
𝟓
𝐧 𝐀∩𝐁 𝟎 =
𝟏
𝟒
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 𝟐 =𝐏 𝐀
=
+ 𝐏 𝐁 − 𝟏𝟔
𝐏(𝐀+∩𝟏𝟐𝐁)
−
=𝟒
𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐 −
=
𝟓𝟒
𝟐 𝟎
=𝟒
𝟓
𝟎
=𝟏
𝟐
𝟐
𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
123. From a set of 𝟐 × 𝟐 matrices having 0 or 1 in each place, a matrix
is
𝟏
chosen. probability that 𝟑it is a unit matrix
The 2) 𝟏 is
𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏 �
1) 3) 4)
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 �
Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟎 𝐨𝐫 𝟏 𝐚𝐬
𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 = 𝟐𝟒

𝐧 𝐄 =𝟏
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏 𝐄 𝟏 =
𝐧(𝐒 𝟏
=
) 𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
124. If 8 squares are selected at random on a chess board having
𝟒×𝟖𝐂 𝟔×𝟖𝐂
squares
𝟖probability 𝟐×𝟖𝐂they will be
the 𝐂 that 𝟖 in a diagonal 𝟖
line is
𝟖
𝟔𝟒 3) 𝟔𝟒𝐂 4) 𝟔𝟒𝐂
1)
𝟖 𝐂 2) 𝟔𝟒𝐂
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖

Solution
𝐍𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐚𝐱.
𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐢𝐬 𝟐 𝟐. 𝟖𝐂𝟖
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟔𝟒𝐂
𝟖
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
125. Two squares of a chess board having squares are selected
random. The probability that they at
have exactly one
corner in
𝟐ሼ𝟕+ 𝟔+𝟓+𝟒+𝟑+𝟐+𝟏
common is
ሼ𝟕+𝟐 𝟔+𝟓+𝟒+𝟑+𝟐+𝟏
𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟐 𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟐
ሽ
2)
ሽ
1)

𝟐ሼ𝟕+ 𝟔+𝟓+𝟒+𝟑+𝟐+𝟏 𝟐ሼ𝟕+ 𝟔+𝟓+𝟒+𝟑+𝟐+𝟏

𝟔𝟒𝑪 𝟔𝟒𝑪
ሽ
4)
ሽ
3)
𝟐 𝟐
Solution
In a diagonal having 8 squares, there are 7 pairs of squares having
common corner similarly in a diagonal having 7 squares, there are 6
pairs and so on .
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

R𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟐ሼ𝟕+𝟐

𝟔+𝟓+𝟒+𝟑+𝟐+𝟏 ሽ 𝟔𝟒𝑪
𝟐

KEY : 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I
126. Two squares of a chess board having 8×8 squares are selected
at
𝟓 that they 𝟏𝟔𝟖 𝟐𝟔 is
𝟏𝟏𝟐
random the probability have a side in common
1) 𝟔 3) 𝟔𝟒 𝟖
𝟔𝟒𝑪
4)
𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟐 𝑪
2)
𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟐
Solution 𝟐 𝟐

If we consider horizontal formation of squares there are pairs of

squares having side common similarly if we consider vertical
formation of squares there are pairs of square having side common

𝐧 𝐄=𝟐×𝟕× 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏 𝟏𝟏𝟐
𝟖 = =
𝐄 𝐧(𝐒)
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟐 𝟔𝟒𝐂𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-I

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏. An unbaised coin is tossedn times . The
probability that head
𝟏
will𝟏 present itself, odd number𝟏 of times𝟏is
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟒 � � �
� � �
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐧𝐂𝟏+𝐧𝐂𝟑+𝐧𝐂𝟓

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲=
+⋯ 𝟐𝐧

=𝟐𝒏−𝟏 = 𝟏
𝟐𝒏

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐. An coin is tossedn times.The probability hea
unbiased that d
will𝟏 itself, 𝟏
even number of times is 𝟏
𝟏
present
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟒 � � �
� � �
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐧𝐂 + 𝐧 𝐂 + 𝐧𝐂 + 𝟐𝐧− =
=⋯𝟎 𝟐 𝟒
= 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏/𝟐
𝐧 𝐧

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑. If a coin is tossed 6 times. The probability of
getting heads as
many� times in the� 1st 4 tosses𝟏as in the last 2� tosses
is 𝟔� 𝟔 𝟓 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� �

𝟒 𝟒 𝟔 𝟐
Solution 𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲

𝟒𝑪𝟎 . 𝟐𝑪𝟎 𝟒𝑪𝟏 . 𝟐𝑪𝟏 𝟒𝑪𝟐

= + +
. 𝟐𝑪 𝟐
𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟔
𝟐𝟔
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒. The coefficients b and c equation 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜
of the
determined by throwing
= 𝟎 die. The probability
the equation
an has
ordinary
equal are that
roots
𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟑 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏 𝟐) 𝟏 �
𝟖 𝟏 𝟖
𝟖
�
Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟔 × 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟔
𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭
From 𝐄 =𝐛 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝟐,𝐜𝟏 𝟒, 𝟒
∴𝐧 𝐄 =𝟐
𝒏(𝑬)
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝟐 =
𝒏(𝑺 𝟑 Key -
=𝐏 𝐄
) 𝟔 1
=
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓. A die loaded such that 6 turning upwards is twice
as often as 1 and three times as any other face. The
chance that we get a face with one point when we
throw
𝟔 such a die
𝟑 is 𝟓 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 �
𝟕 𝟕 𝟖 �
Solution
𝐏(𝟔) = 𝟐𝐏(𝟏)
= 𝟑𝐏 𝟐= 𝟑𝐏 𝟑 =
𝟑𝐏
𝐏 𝟏𝟒+ 𝐏= 𝟐+
𝟑𝐏(𝟓)
⋯+𝐏 𝟔
=𝟏
𝐏 𝟏
𝟏𝟑 Key -
=
𝟕 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔. A man throws a die untill he gets a number bigger
than 3. the
probability that he gets a the last throw
5 in𝟏 𝟏 is 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟒)
𝟓 � 𝟑) �
� 𝟑 �
Solution

𝐒 = 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔 𝐄=𝟓
ሼሽ

𝐧(𝐄
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 )
𝐧(𝐒
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
)
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕. A and B are to throw 2 dice. If A throws a
sum of 9 points,
then
𝟏 B’s chance 𝟏of throwing a 𝟏higher sum is �
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟐 � � 𝟒)
�
� � �
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
�

𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝟏𝟎 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟏 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟐 𝟏
𝟑+𝟐+ =
=𝟏 �
𝟑
𝟔 �

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖. A six faced die is so biased that it is twice as
likely to show an even number as an odd number when
thrown. It is thrown twice. The probability that the
sum of the numbers thrown is odd is
𝟏 � � �
𝟏)
𝟑 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � �

Solutio � � �

𝐀
n → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐁 → 𝐨𝐝𝐝
� � �

𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫

𝐏𝐏𝐀𝐀
+ 𝐏 𝐁= 𝟏 = 𝟐𝐏 𝐁
� 𝟏
𝐏 𝐀= �, 𝐏 =
� �
𝐁
� �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 +𝐏
𝐁 .𝐏 𝐀
= 𝐏 𝐀 .𝐏 𝐁
= . + =𝟒
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
. 𝟑 𝟗

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗. Two dice are The probability that a
thrown. multiple
occurs on one die and a multiple ofof3 on
2 the
other
𝟏 die 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟓
𝟐) 𝟏 𝟒)
𝟑 � 𝟑) 𝟑
𝟑 𝟔
𝟔
�
𝟐, 𝟔 𝟒, 𝟒, 𝟔 𝟔, 𝟑 𝟔, 𝟔 𝟑,
Solution
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬
= ሼ 𝟐, 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
𝟔, 𝟐 𝟑, 𝟒 𝟑, 𝟔 ሽ
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟏𝟏 𝐧 𝐒
𝟔, 𝟒
= 𝟑𝟔
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏 𝟏𝟏 Key -
𝐄 = =
𝐧(𝐒) 3
𝟑𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟎. 3 six faced dice are rolled together. The probability
that exactly
two𝟏 of the three𝟏 numbers are 𝟓equal is
𝟏) 𝟏
𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏 � 𝟏 �
𝟐 � 𝟐
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟔 × 𝟔 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔
�
Solution

𝐧 = 𝟑𝒄𝟐 × 𝟔𝒄𝟏 × 𝟓𝒄𝟏

𝐄 = 𝟗𝟎
𝟗
𝐏 𝐄 𝟎
𝟐𝟏
= Key -
𝟔
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟏. Two each make a single throw with a die.
persons The they get a equal value is 𝐩𝟏. Four
probability that
persons each make a single throw with a die and
the probability of three being equal is 𝐩𝟐, then
𝟏) 𝐏𝟏 𝟐) 𝐏𝟏 <
= 𝐏𝟐 𝐏𝟐
𝟑) 𝐏𝟏 𝟒) 𝐏𝟏 =
> 𝐏𝟐 𝟐𝐏𝟐
Solution
𝟔 𝟒𝒄𝟑(𝟔𝒄𝟏×𝟓𝒄𝟏 =
𝐏𝟏 𝐏𝟐
�
) 𝟔×𝟔×𝟔× 𝟓�
= = ,
𝟏
= 𝟔 𝟒
𝐏𝟏 𝟔×𝟔 𝟔 Key -
> 𝐏𝟐
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟐. An ordinary die has four blank faces. One face
marked 2, an other marked 3. then the probability of
obtaining a total of exactly 12 in 5 throws is
𝟏𝟓 𝟏 𝟓 𝟔
𝟏) 𝟎 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟔𝟒 𝟐) 𝟔 𝟔
𝟔𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Solution
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 ! =
𝟓
𝟑!
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑 → 𝟐! 𝟏𝟎
𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 →
𝟒
𝟓!

=𝟓 !
𝟓 �
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟏
+𝟓
𝟒
𝟏
Key -
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 × 3
�
𝟔
�

𝟔
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟑. A and B throw a symmetrical die each. The
odds infavour of
A not throwing a number greater than B is

𝟏) 𝟏 𝐭𝐨 𝟓 𝟐) 𝟓 𝐭𝐨 𝟏 𝟑) 𝟕 𝐭𝐨 𝟓 𝟒) 𝟓
𝐭𝐨 𝟕
Solution

𝐎𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝟑𝟔 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬 , 𝟔 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥

𝟏𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐁
𝐏 = 𝟏𝟓+𝟔 = 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟕⇒ 𝑷 𝑬ഥ �
�

𝐄 𝟏𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐀

𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫
𝟑𝟔
𝐨𝐟 𝐄 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐏 𝐄 :
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 Key -
𝐏 𝑬ഥ = = 𝟏𝟐 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟒. If two dice are thrown simultaneously, the odds in
favour of the event of getting a prime number on
one of them and an even number on the other is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) �
𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝟔 𝟔 𝟗
�
Solution
𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐧𝐨′ 𝐬
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓
𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧
𝑷 𝑬 𝐧𝐨
𝟑×𝟑
′ 𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
+ 𝟑×𝟑 −𝟏
𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔 =
𝐎𝐝𝐝𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟕
𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐄 𝟏𝟕 Key -3
= 𝟑𝟔 =𝟏
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐏 𝐄 : 𝐏 𝐄ത 𝟗
𝟑𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟓. Two symmetrical dice are rolled once. The
probability that both the dice will show 4 is p. The
probability for the sum is 8 is q. Then p:q is
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟓: 𝟏 𝟒) 𝟓:
𝟒: 𝟓 𝟏: 𝟓 𝟒
Solution

𝟏 𝟓
𝐏= 𝐪=
𝟑 𝟑
𝟔 𝟔

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟔. Five cards are drawn at
random from a well shuffled pack of
52 playing cards. The
𝟏𝟑 probability
that four of𝑪𝟏 them may have𝟒 the same
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟒×𝟒
𝑪
𝟐) 𝟏𝟑
𝟏) value is 𝟏 𝟑)
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏×𝟒 𝑪𝟏 ×𝟒𝑪
𝟓 𝑪

face
𝟓 𝑪 𝟓 𝑪
𝟖 𝟓 𝑪 𝟏 ×𝟒𝟖 𝑪
𝟐 ) 𝟏
𝟐
𝟐 𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟓
Solution
𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟏𝟑 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝟒
𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞𝟏𝟑𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
𝑪𝟏 × 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟓𝟐𝑪

Key -
𝟓

2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟕. A person draws a card from a well shuffled pack of 52
playing cards. Replaces it and shuffles the pack. He
continues doing so until he draws a spade. The
chance that he fails first two times is
𝟏)
𝟏
𝟐) 𝟗 𝟑)
𝟗
𝟒)
𝟗
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟐

𝟏
Solution
𝐏 𝐀 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝟑
𝟓
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐝𝐞 =
𝟐𝟑 𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟗
𝐏 = 𝟒. 𝟒 =
𝟏𝟔 Key -
𝑨ഥ . 𝐏 𝑨ഥ
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟖. The probability of getting 13 cards of the
same suit by a
particular hand at𝟒a𝐂 game of bridge is 𝟒𝐂𝟏 ×
𝟏) 𝟏𝟑𝐂 𝟐 𝟑
𝟒𝐂𝟏 × 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟏𝟏
𝟓 )
𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝐂𝟑 𝟒) 𝟓𝟐 𝟏
𝟐 𝐂𝟏 )
𝟏
𝟏
𝟐
𝟑
𝟑 𝐂𝟏 𝟑
𝐂 𝐂
𝟑 𝟑
Solution
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝟒 𝒔𝒖𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝟏𝟑
𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔
𝒊𝒆
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝟏𝟑 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒊𝒕 𝒊𝒆 𝟒𝑪𝟏
𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒊𝒕 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝟒 𝟒𝑪
𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝟓𝟐
Key -
𝟏 𝑪
𝟏

𝟑
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟗. In a game of bridge, the play
probability of a particular er
having all the 13 cards with different ∠𝟏 face values ∠
𝟏) 𝟏𝟑 𝟐) 𝟒 is 𝟑) 𝟒 𝟒
𝟏

𝟓𝟒 𝟓𝟐
𝟑 𝟓𝟑 ) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟐 𝐂𝟏 𝟐 𝐂𝟏
𝟏
𝐂 𝟑
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑
Solution

𝟒𝐂𝟏 . 𝟒𝟏𝐂 … . = 𝟒𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏𝟑
(𝟏𝟑𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬) 𝟓𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟑 𝑪
𝟏

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟎. The probability that a particular hand of thirteen
bridge cards
𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟏contains𝟐𝟔
selected at random 𝑪𝟐 ×
exactly 𝟏𝟑is
2 red card
𝟐𝟔
𝑪
𝟏) 𝑪 𝟐𝟔𝑪𝟏𝟏
𝟓 𝟐) 𝟓𝟐 𝟑) 𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
𝟒) 𝐂𝟏
𝟏 𝟐

𝟐
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝐂𝟏 𝟑
𝐂 𝟑
𝟑 𝐂 𝟑

Solution
𝟐𝟔𝐂𝟐 ×
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟐𝟔𝐂𝟏𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟏. In a hand at whist, the probability that 4 kings are
held by a
specified
𝟒× player 𝟒𝟖
is 𝑪 𝟒× 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏
𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟗 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏𝟑
𝟏) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝟓𝟐
𝟐) 𝐂𝟏 𝟑) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝟒)𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟗 𝟑

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝟒𝐂𝟒 ×
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟒𝟖𝐂𝟗
Solution

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟑

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟐. In a game of bridge, the player A has received two
aces. The probability that his partner has been dealt
with the other two aces is
𝟐 𝑪𝟐 × 𝟐 𝑪𝟐 × 𝟐 𝑪𝟐 × 𝟐 𝑪𝟐 ×
𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟕𝑪𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟕𝑪𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏𝟏
𝟏) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝟐) 𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟏 𝟑) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝟒) 𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟏
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟐𝐂𝟐×𝟑𝟕𝐂𝟏
Solution

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲= 𝟏
𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟏

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟑. Two cards drawn one after another at random without
replacement. The probability that both of them may
have the same face value is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 ) 𝟗
Solution 𝟗 𝟕

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟒𝐂𝟏 .
= 𝟏𝟑𝑪
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 . 𝟓𝟐
𝟑𝐂𝐂𝟏𝟏 . 𝟏
𝟓𝟏𝐂
𝟏

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟒. Two events A and B have 0.25 and
probabilities
respectively. The probability 0.50
simultaneously
that bothis 0.14. then
A the probability
and that
B
neither A nor occur
B occurs
𝟏) 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗 is 𝟐)
𝟑) 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
𝟒)
𝟎. 𝟓𝟎
Solution
𝐏 𝐀= 𝟎. = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎, 𝐏 𝐀 = 𝟎.
𝟐𝟓, 𝐏 𝐁 ∩𝐁 𝟏𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀 𝖴 𝐁)
Key -
= 𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ + 𝐏 𝐁 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩
1
𝐁)
𝟏−
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟓. If A and B are two events such that P(A𝖴B)= &
� 𝟏
� �
, P(A∩B) =
�

P(𝐀 ) =
ഥ �
𝟐
, then P(𝐀 ഥ
𝟏 =� 𝟐 𝟕 𝟓
� �

∩𝟏)𝐁) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Solution

𝐏 𝐀ഥ =𝐏 𝐀𝖴 −
𝐏 𝐀ഥ = 𝟏
𝐁 𝐏(𝐀)
∩𝐁 −
𝟐 𝐏(𝐀)
�
− 𝟏 = 𝐏(𝐀), 𝐏 = 𝟏
�
𝐀
𝟑 𝟏 𝟗−𝟒
𝟓
� �

𝐏 𝐀ഥ = − = = Key -
∩𝐁 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 4
𝟏𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟔. In a class there are 10 men & 20 women. Out of
them half of the number of men & half of the
number of women have brown eyes. Out of them if a
person is chosen at random, the chance that for the
person chosen to be a man or brown eyed person is
𝟏 � � 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟐) � 𝟑) � �
� �

Solution � � �

𝐀 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐧 𝐀 =
= 𝟏𝟎, 𝐧 𝟑𝟎
𝐒
𝐧 𝐁 = 𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟓, 𝐧 𝐀 ∩ 𝑩
𝐁 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐧
=𝟓
𝐞𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
− 𝐏(𝐀
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁 = ∩ 𝐁)
𝐏 𝐀 +𝟏𝟎
𝐏 𝐁
+ 𝟏𝟓 −
=𝟓
𝟑
𝟎
�
=�
�
�

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟕. In a simultaneous throw of two dice, the probability
of A or B, if A = a sum of 11 points; B= an odd
number of points on each die
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟒)
𝟑 � 𝟑) 𝟑
𝟔 𝟑 𝟔
𝟔
Solution �

𝐏 𝐀 = 𝐏
𝟐 𝟏
𝟑×𝟑
𝟑𝟔 =
= 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 𝟏𝟖 𝐁
𝐏 𝟏
=
𝐏 +
= 𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲𝟑𝟔
=
𝐀𝖴𝑩 =𝐏 𝐏 𝐀
𝐀𝖴 𝑩 𝟏 𝐏(𝐁)
+
𝟏
𝟒
𝟏
𝟖
�
Key -
= 3
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟖. If P(A) P(B)= & P(A∩B)= , � 𝐀 =
𝟏
� 𝟓 � �
then
ഥ
= 𝟑
𝟏 � � � � ��
𝟏)
� �
𝟓 𝟐) � 𝟑) � 𝟒)�
� � ��

Solutio � � �
𝐏 − 𝐏(𝐀
� � = 𝐏(𝐀ഥ = 𝐁 ∩ 𝐁)
n

ഥ ∩ 𝐏(𝐁
𝐁) 𝐏(𝐁
) )
��
�
� 𝐀� = 𝟖−� ⇒ 𝐀 = 𝟖��
𝟓 𝟏

� �𝟒 � 𝐏
ഥ ഥ

��
� � � �
�

⇒ � =�
𝐏 Key -
� � �

ഥ
� � 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟐𝟗. A student is to
appearfor two tests in which
tests is his
0.2. The
respective
probabilityprobabilities
that the
of student
the
will test when
succeeding
succeed inhe 0.5
are has &already
0.7 succeed
and in
losing
2nd the 1st both
test is the
𝟐)
𝟏) 𝟎. 𝟒
𝟎. 𝟐
𝟒) 𝟎.
𝟑) 𝟖
𝐏 𝐀𝟎.= 𝟔𝟎. 𝟓 𝐏 𝐁 = 𝟎. 𝟕

=
𝐏 𝑨ഥ ∩ 𝑩ഥ = 𝟎. 𝟐 → 𝟏 −
Solution
𝟎. 𝟐
𝐏 𝐀𝖴𝐁
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
� 𝐏(𝐀
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 � = ∩ 𝑷(
𝑩)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏
𝐏 �𝐀+ 𝑷 𝑨)
𝑩 − 𝑷(𝑨
= � 𝖴 𝑩)
𝑷(𝑨)
𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟕
= − 𝟎. 𝟖
𝟎.
𝟎. 𝟓
=𝟒
𝟎.
𝟓

Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟎. A couple has 2 children. The probability that
both are boys, if it is known that at
least
𝟐 one of the𝟏 children is a𝟏 boy is �
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟑 � � 𝟒)
�
� � �
𝐀 → 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐲𝐬 =
Solution �

ሼ𝐁 𝐁ሽ
𝐁 → 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐛𝐨𝐲 𝐏(𝐀 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = ∩ 𝐁) =
𝐁 → ሼ𝐁𝐆, 𝐆𝐁, 𝐁𝐁ሽ � 𝐏(𝐁 �
𝐏 𝐀 )
= Key -
� �

2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟏. A couple has 2 children. The probability that both
are boys, if it is known that elder child is a boy is
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 �
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟑 � � 𝟒)
�

Solution � � �

𝐀 → 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐲𝐬

�

= ሼ𝐁 𝐁ሽ
𝐁 → 𝐞𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝 𝐢𝐬 𝐚
𝐛𝐨𝐲 � 𝐏(𝐀
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐁 → ሼ𝐁𝐆, 𝐁𝐁ሽ � = ∩ 𝐏(𝐁
𝐁)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏
=𝟏 )
�𝐁
� Key -
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟐. Two coins are tossed. probabili tha two heads
The given that there is at least
ty one t result,
head
𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟓 � � 𝟐
𝟒)
Solution � � 𝟑
𝐀 → 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐰𝐨
𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐬 = ሼ𝐇𝐇ሽ
𝐁 → 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭
𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐏(𝐀
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐁 → ሼ𝐇𝐓, 𝐓𝐇, 𝐇𝐇ሽ = ∩ 𝐁)
� 𝐏(𝐁
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 𝐀
=𝟏 � )
� Key -
� 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟑. Three unbiased coins are tossed , the probability that
3 heads will result, if it is known that there will be
at least one head is
𝟓 � 𝟏 �
𝟏) 𝟑)
𝟕 𝟐) � � 𝟒)�
� �
� � �
Solution
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑𝐨𝐟
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐬
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝
𝟑𝑪𝟑 𝟑𝑪𝟎
𝟏
= /𝟏 − =�
Key -
𝟐𝟑

𝟐𝟑
3
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟒. For a biased die, the probability for different faces
to turn up are given below:
Face: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability 0.10 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.05 0.17

Such a die is tossed once and you are told that face 1
or 2 has turned up. The probability that it is face 1
is
𝟏 𝟓 � �
𝟔 𝟐)
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟑) 𝟒)
� �
𝟐 𝟏 � �
𝟏 � �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟎. 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟎. =𝟓 =
𝟎. 𝟏𝟎+ 𝟒 𝟐
𝟑𝟐 𝟐 𝟏

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟓. Two symmetrical dice are thrown.
The
sum ofprobability that the
the numbers appearing is 11, if
5 appears on the 1st die
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟏 � � �
) ) )
Solution𝟖 � � �

𝐒 = ሼ 𝟓, 𝟏 𝟓, 𝟐 𝟓, 𝟓, 𝟔
𝟓, 𝟑 𝟓, 𝟒 𝟓 ሽ

𝐄 = ሼ 𝟓, 𝟔 ሽ
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟔. Two dice are thrown. The probability of getting a
sum of 7 points, if it is known that the two dice are
showing different numbers is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟔 � � �
Solutio � � �

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰

n

𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐧𝐨 ′ 𝐬 = 𝟔 × 𝟓 = 𝟑𝟎
𝐄 = ሼ 𝟐, 𝟓 𝟑, 𝟒 𝟒, 𝟑 𝟓, 𝟐 𝟏, 𝟔 𝟔, 𝟏 ሽ
𝐧 𝐄
𝐧(𝐄) =𝟔 𝟔
𝐏 𝟏
= = = Key -
𝐄 𝐧 𝐒 𝟑𝟎 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟕. A symmetrical die is thrown 3 times and the sum of
points, thrown is found to be 15. the chance that the
1st throw as a four is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑 � � �
Solution � � �

𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝟏𝟓 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔 𝟓, 𝟓, 𝟓 +
= + 𝟑! (𝟔, 𝟔, 𝟑)
= 𝟑! 𝟑!
𝟑!
+ + = 𝟏𝟎 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔
𝟒 𝒐𝒏 𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒆
𝟐! 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔 ,
𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟓 = 𝟐 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔
𝟏 Key -
𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟖. A bag contain 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls
are drawn at random and one is found to be white.
The probability that the other ball is also white is
� � � �

𝟏) 𝟏𝟑 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟏 𝟒)𝟏
� � � �

𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟑
Solution
𝐀 → 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞
𝐁 → 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝
𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝑩) 𝟔𝑪
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟔𝑪𝟏 . 𝟐 𝟏 +
�𝐁 𝑷(
𝐏 = 𝟔𝑪
�
𝑨) 𝟒𝑪
= Key -
�
�
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑𝟗. A box contains 10 mangoes out of which 4 are rotten.
Two mangoes are taken together. If one of them is
found to be good, the probability that the other is
�
rotten is � � �
𝟏
𝟏) 𝟏𝟑 𝟐) 𝟏𝟑 𝟑) 𝟏 𝟒)
� � � �

Solution 𝟑 𝟑
𝐀 → 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞
𝐁 → 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝
𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐁 𝐏(𝐀
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 =
∩ 𝐁)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟔 𝑪 . 𝟒𝑪 =
=𝐏
𝐀 𝐏(𝐀)
𝟏 𝟏

𝟔𝑪𝟏 . 𝟒𝑪𝟏 + 𝟔𝑪𝟐 Key -

𝟖
𝟏𝟑 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟎. It is given that there are 53
Fridays in a leap year. Then the
probability
𝟐 that� it will have 53𝟏 Thursday is 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟕 𝟐) � �
�
Solution � � �

𝐀 → 𝟓𝟑 𝐁 → 𝟓𝟑
�

𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝐀 = ሼ 𝐅, 𝐒 , 𝐁𝐁= ሼ 𝐏(𝐀
𝐓𝐡, 𝐅
(𝐓𝐇, 𝐅)ሽ 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐖, 𝐓𝐡 = ሽ
∩ 𝑩)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏
=𝟏 𝐀 𝑷(𝑨)
� Key -
� 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟏. It is given that there are 53
Thursdays in a leap year. Then the
probability
𝟐 that it will have 52𝟏 Wednesdays is
�
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟓 𝟏 � � 𝟒)
�

Solution � � �
𝐀 → 𝟓𝟑 𝐁 → 𝟓𝟐
�

𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝐀=
𝐁 = ሼሼ 𝐒,
𝐓𝐡,𝐌𝐅 𝐌, 𝐓 (𝐓𝐡, 𝐅)
𝐖, 𝐒𝐚)(𝐒𝐚,
(𝐅, 𝐓𝐡 ሽ 𝐒)ሽ
𝐁 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝑩) 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 =
Key -
𝐀 = �
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 3
𝑷(𝑨) �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟐. It is given that there 52 Thursdays leap The
are in a year. n
the probability that it will have 52 Fridays �
� � is 𝟏
𝟑)
𝟏) 𝟓 𝟐) � � 𝟒)�
� � �

Solution � � �
𝐀 → 𝟓𝟐 𝐁 → 𝟓𝟐
𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝐀 = ሼ 𝐒, 𝐌 , 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝐌, 𝐓 , 𝐓, 𝐖 ,
𝐅, 𝐒𝐚 , (𝐒𝐚, 𝐒)ሽ
𝐁 = ሼ 𝐒, 𝐌 , 𝐌, 𝐓𝐔 , 𝐓𝐔, 𝐖𝐞𝐝 ,
𝐖𝐞𝐝, 𝐓𝐡 , (𝐒𝐚𝐭, 𝐒)ሽ (𝐀 𝐁
∩ 𝐁)𝐏(𝐀∩𝑩)
= ሼ 𝐒, 𝐌 ,
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 = 𝑷(𝑨) = Key -
𝐌, 𝐓 ,
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲𝐓,=𝐖𝐏 , 𝟒 𝟓 𝐒𝐚𝐭, 𝑺 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟑. If A and B are two independent events such that
�
P(A)= and
𝟏
P(B) =𝑩, =
𝟑
𝟒
�

then 𝑷
𝟕 (𝑨𝖴𝑩) � � �
𝟏)
𝟏 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟑) 𝟏 𝟒)𝟏
� � �
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
Solution

� 𝐏 𝐁 ∩ (𝐀 𝖴 = 𝐏(𝐁
� = 𝐁) ) 𝐁−𝐏 𝐀
𝐀� 𝐏(𝐀 𝐏 𝐀 +𝐩
�
𝖴𝐁 𝖴 𝐁) . 𝐏(𝐁)

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟒. A class consists of 80 students, 25 of them are girls
and 55 boys. 10 of them are rich and remaining poor,
20 of them are fair complexioned. The probability of
selecting a fairrich girl from that
complexioned
class
𝟐𝟎 is 𝟐𝟓 𝟓
𝟎 𝟎 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝟓𝟏 𝟓𝟏
𝟓𝟏 𝟓𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
Solution 𝐀
𝟐 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥
𝐁 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡
𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧
𝐂 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐫
𝐏 𝐀
𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐝
𝟖
= 𝟐𝟓
𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏
𝐏 𝐁 𝟎
𝟖
=
𝟎
𝐏 𝐂 𝟐
𝟖
= 𝟎
𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 =𝐏 𝐀 .𝐏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = ∩𝐂 𝐁 . 𝐏(𝐂)
𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 𝟐𝟓 .
𝟖𝟎 𝟖 𝟏 𝟏
∩𝐂 .
𝟒
=
𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 𝟓
𝟓𝟏
∩𝐂
𝟐
=
Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟓. If the probability of n independent events 𝐀𝟏 ,
𝐀𝟐 , 𝐀𝟑 , … 𝐀𝐧
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐏𝟏, 𝐏𝟐, 𝐏𝟑 … 𝐏𝐧. The probability that at least
one of the events will happen is
𝟏) 𝐏𝟏 𝐏𝟐 𝐏𝟑 … 𝐏𝐧
𝟑) 𝟏 − 𝟏 −𝟏𝐏
𝟐) 𝟏 𝟏−𝟏𝐏𝟐 𝟏𝟏 −
−𝟏 𝐏 −𝐏 … .. (𝟏
𝐏𝟑𝟑 … (𝟏 − 𝐏𝐧 )
− 𝐏𝟐 − 𝐏𝐧 )
𝟒) 𝟏 − 𝐏𝟏 𝐏𝟐 𝐏𝟑 …
𝐏𝐧
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏(𝑨𝟏 𝖴
𝑨𝟐 𝖴 … … 𝑨𝒏 )
Solution
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
= 𝟏 − 𝐏 𝐀𝟏 ∩ 𝐀𝟐 ∩ ⋯ 𝐀𝒏

= 𝟏 − 𝐏 𝐀𝟏 ). 𝐏 𝐀𝟐 . 𝐏(𝐀𝟑
… 𝐏 𝐀𝐧

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟔. The odds that a book will be reviewed favourably by
three independent critics are 5 to 2, 4 to 3 and 3
to 4 respectively. The probability that of three
reviewers a majority will be favourable
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎
𝟒 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟑𝟒 𝟐) 𝟑𝟒 𝟑) 𝟑𝟒 𝟒)𝟑𝟒
𝟏)
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝐏 𝐀 = 𝟕𝟓 𝐏 𝐁 =𝟕 𝟒 =
𝟑
Solution
𝐏 𝐂 𝟕
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐨𝐟
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
= 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝑩 ∩ 𝑪ഥ +𝑷 𝑨 Key -
∩ 𝑩ഥ ∩ 𝑪 + 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟕. In the game A and B had to play, probability of
the winning is 𝟐 , if he had lost the previous A’s
� if
�
�
gamewonand
had the previous game. In the middle of �serieshe
of games,
�

the𝟏probability
� of A’s� winning� two games in
�

𝟏)
succession is
𝟓 𝟐) � 𝟑) � 𝟒)�
� � �

Soluti � � �

𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞
on 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐖𝐖𝐖, 𝐋𝐖𝐖 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏𝟓
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟓× + 𝟓 × =𝟐
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟖. A symmetrical die is thrown 1st and then two
symmetrical dice are thrown together. The probability
that 1st throw was a face with 6 points upward & the
second throw was a sum of 6 points
𝟏 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟏
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
Solution

𝟏 (𝟔 �
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 − = �
� 𝟏) 𝟑 𝟐𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = ×
� 𝟔 𝟔

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒𝟗. Three faces of a fair die are yellow, two faces red
and one blue. The die is thrown twice. The
probability that 1st throw will give an yellow face
and𝟏 the second𝟏 a blue face is𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � 𝟏 �
� � 𝟐 �
Solution
𝟑 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏 ×
𝟔 𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = =
𝟔 𝟐

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟎. H is one of the 6 horsesentered for a race
andis to be
ridden
rides by
H in one
which
of the
casetwo
all the
jokeys
horsesare
A andlikely
B. It iswin.
2 to 1
to If B rides H, his that A
winning
chance is trebled. Then the odds
is against H 𝟏𝟑 𝐭𝐨
𝟐)
𝟏) 𝟒 𝟒
𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟑
4) 𝟏𝟑 𝐭𝐨
𝟑) 𝟏𝟑 𝐭𝐨 7 � , 𝐏 =𝟏
𝐩 𝐀=
𝟓 � �
𝐁
�𝟏 � 𝟑
�

𝐩 𝐇/𝐀 = , 𝐏 =𝟏
�
𝐇/𝐁 =
Solution
� 𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
� �
𝐏 𝐇= 𝐏 𝐀 � + 𝐏
.𝐏 𝐁 .𝐏
� �
�

𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐭
� 𝐇 𝐚𝐫𝐞 =
�𝐏
𝐇ഥ : 𝐏(𝐇)

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟏. There are 12 unbiased coins in a bag . Out of them
4 coins have head on both the sides. One coin is
selected from the bag at random and tossed. The
probability of getting a head is
𝟏 𝟏 � 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟒)
𝟐 � 𝟑) � �
�
� � �
Solutio

𝐀 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝

n

𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐬
𝟒
𝐏 𝐀 𝟏 =
=
𝟏𝟐
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖
𝐁 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐧𝐛𝐢𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝟐 =
𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐏 𝐁
𝟏𝟐
=
𝟑
�→ 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
� 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝
𝟏
�𝐇 � = =
�
𝟏, 𝐏
� �
�
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
�

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
�
�
𝐏 𝐇= 𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏 +𝐏 𝐁 �
� �
𝐇
�
.𝐏
� �
�

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟐. An urn A contains 8 black and 5 white balls. A second
urn B contains 6 black and 7 white balls. A blind
folded person is asked to draw a ball selecting one of
the urns, the probability that the ball drawn is black
is….
𝟓 𝟐 𝟕 𝟔
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟔 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟒 𝟔 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏
Solution
𝐏 𝐀= 𝐏 𝐁
�
=
� � � �
�
𝑬 → 𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 � = 𝟏� , � = 𝟏�
𝒃𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝑷 𝑷
� 𝟑 � 𝟑
� �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐏(𝐄)
� �
𝐏 𝐄= 𝐏 � +𝑷
𝐀 𝐏 𝑩 𝑷
� �
�

= 𝟖× + × �
𝟏
�𝟏 � 𝟕 �
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟑. A purse 4 copper and 3 silver coins. The
contains
purse contain 6 second copper and 2 silver
at randomfrom
coins. A coin ofisthetaken
purseschoosing
out at
probability
one that it israndom.
a copper The
coin
𝟐 is 𝟏 𝟑 𝟗
𝟗 𝟗 𝟕 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟓
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟔
𝟔
Solution 𝟔 𝟔
𝟏
𝐏 𝐈 = 𝐏 𝐈𝐈
�
=
𝑪 𝒊𝒔 𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈�𝒄𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓
𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒏 .
𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
� �
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝑷 𝑪 � + 𝑷 𝑰𝑰
=𝑷 𝑰 .𝑷 .𝑷
� 𝑰
�

𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
= 𝟒 + =𝟕 𝑰
𝟔 𝟓
�

𝟐 𝟐 𝟔
𝟕 𝟖

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟒. There are 2 bags one of which contains 3 black and
4 white balls, while the other contains 4 black and
3 white balls. A die is cast, if face 1 or 3 turns up a
ball
1st
bag
in taken
and iffrom
any the
other face turns up a ball is
second
takenbag.
fromThe
theprobability of choosing a
black
𝟓 ball is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
𝟏) 𝟎 𝟏 𝟒)
𝟐 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
Solution 𝟏 𝟏
𝐀, 𝐁 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐠
𝐄 → 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤
𝐄
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥
𝟑 𝑬
𝐏 = � ,𝟒 𝐩 𝐁 = =
𝟐
�
𝐀 ,𝐏 � = ,P
𝟒
�

𝐀 𝟕 𝑩
� �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = �
𝐏 𝐄= 𝐏 𝐀 . 𝐏 +𝐏 𝐁
�𝐄
.𝐏
�
�
𝐏 𝐄= 𝟒 .𝟒 + �
𝟐 𝟑
𝟔 𝟕
. 𝟔𝟕
𝟔 𝟏
�

𝐏 𝐄 𝟏𝟔+ 𝟏
𝟒𝟐 𝟐
= =
𝟒𝟐 𝟏

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟓. There are 2 white and 4 black balls in an urn A and
4 white and 7 black balls in another urn B. One
ball is transferred from urn A to B. Now one ball is
drawn at random from B. The probability that it is
white
𝟐 is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟓 𝟓 𝟑 𝟒
𝟏)𝟑𝟗 𝟐) 𝟑 𝟑) 𝟑𝟔 𝟒)
𝟗
𝟑𝟗
𝐖𝟏 = 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞
Solution
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝐀
𝐖𝟐 = 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐮𝐫𝐧𝟐 𝐁 𝟒
𝐖𝟐 𝟓
𝟔 𝑷 𝑩 =𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤
𝟔 𝑷 𝐖𝟏 =
𝟏
𝐁𝟏 =𝟏 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐏(𝐖 )=
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐮𝐫𝐧𝟏𝟐 𝐀
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐖 �
�
� 𝐁𝟏 =
�
𝟐

𝟏𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐖 𝐖
𝐏 𝐖𝟐 = 𝐏 𝐖𝟏 +𝐏 𝐁
𝐖
𝟏
𝐁
.𝐏 .𝐏
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐

𝟐 𝟒
+
𝟏
𝐏 𝐖𝟐 = 𝟓
𝟔 𝟒
𝟔
. .
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔
𝐏 𝐖𝟐 𝟏𝟑
𝟕 =
= 𝟐 𝟑
𝟔 Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟔. A bag contains6 white and 4 black balls. Another
bag
shows a4 prime
contains number
white and a 6ball is taken
black from the
balls. A 1die
st is
otherwise
bag a ball is taken from the secondrolledbag.
andTheif it
probability
that𝟏 the ball
� drawn is 𝟏
� white is
𝟏) 𝟒)
𝟐 𝟐) � 𝟑) � �
� �

Soluti � � �

𝑬𝟏 , 𝑬𝟐 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒈
on
𝟏, 𝒃𝒂𝒈 𝟑𝟐 𝟏
𝑷 = = 𝟏 , 𝑷 𝑬𝟐
𝑬𝟏 𝟔 𝟐
=
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝑾 𝟔 � 𝟒 𝟐
� 𝟑 = = , 𝑷� =
� 𝑬𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝑬𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟓

𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝒊𝒔 𝑷(𝑾)
�
𝑷 𝑾 = 𝑷 𝑬𝟏 𝑷𝑾 +𝑷
�𝟏 ���
𝑬𝟐 𝑷
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟓
� ��
= 𝟑 + 𝟏 =
=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟐
Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟕. A bag contain apples and oranges , five in
of all andall atleast
each, one
combinations on fruit
selectedat
being random fromlikely.
equally the bag, assuming
If e fruits
is
distinguishable
all , the probability that it is an are
orange
𝟏 is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐 𝟏 � �
𝟎 𝟎 � �
Solution
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟
𝐟𝐫𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐛𝐚𝐠 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐄𝟏 → 𝟏 𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝟒 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬
𝐄𝟐 → 𝟐 𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝟑 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬
𝐄𝟑 → 𝟑 𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝟐 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐄𝟒 → 𝟒 𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝟏 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐞

𝑨 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒖𝒊𝒕

𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆
𝐏(𝐄𝟏) = 𝐏 𝐄𝟐 = 𝐏 𝐄𝟑
𝟏
= 𝐏 𝐄𝟒 𝟏 =
𝐏(𝐀/𝐄𝟏 ) =
𝟓
, 𝐏(𝐀/𝐄
𝟒
𝟓
) = 𝟐
, 𝟑𝐏(𝐀/𝐄
𝟓
)= 𝟑
,
𝐏(𝐀/𝐄𝟐
)=𝟓
𝟒 𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝐏(𝐀) = ෍ 𝐏 𝐄𝐢 . 𝐀
𝐏 =
𝟒
��
𝟏/𝟐
𝐢=𝟏
�� Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟖. An die is until a number than 4
unbiased
appears. tossed
probability greater
that an even
number of tosses is
The � 𝟏 �
𝟑)
needed is 𝟐) � � 𝟒)�
�
𝟏 �
𝟏)
� �
𝟐
𝐏 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚
�

𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 > 𝟒 = 𝟏/𝟑

𝟐
Solution
�
𝐪 = 𝟏 − 𝐏 =
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐪𝐩
�

+ 𝐪𝐪𝐪𝐩 + 𝐪 𝐏 + ⋯
�
𝐩
�

= 𝐪𝐩 𝟏 + 𝐪 + 𝐪 + Key -
𝟏𝐪
−
𝟐 𝟒

⋯ 2
𝐪𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟓𝟗 A and B play a game taking alternative chances, the
. probability for a success is p and failure is q. If A
takes the first chance, probability for his success is
� 𝟏
� 𝟐 𝟑) 𝐩(𝟏 − 𝐩
� 𝟒
𝟏) (𝟏 − 𝟏−
(𝟏 − )
�
) )
𝐩 ) 𝐪
� �
𝟐
�
𝐪𝟐)
�
Solution
𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝒑 + 𝒒𝒒𝒑 +
𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒑 + ⋯
= 𝒑(𝟏 + 𝒒𝟐 + 𝒒𝟒 + ⋯ )
𝒑
=
𝟏 − 𝒒𝟐
Key -1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟎. A bag contains 50 tickets numbered 1, 2,3….50 of
which five are drawn at random and arranged in
ascending order of magnitude 𝒙𝟏 < 𝒙𝟐 < 𝒙𝟑 < 𝒙𝟒 <
𝒙𝟓 . The probability that
𝒙𝟑 = 𝟑𝟎 is 𝟐𝟗𝑪
𝟏) 𝟐𝟎 𝑪
𝟓 𝟐) 𝟓𝟎 �
𝟐

𝑪
𝟎 𝟓
𝟐

𝟐𝟎
𝟒) 𝑪
𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟐 ×
𝑪
�

𝟑 𝟒
𝟐𝟗 𝟓𝟎 𝑪
𝟓 𝟐
)
𝟐
𝑪𝟐 �
Solution 𝑪 �
𝐱𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱𝟐 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟏 𝐭𝐨 𝟐𝟗
𝐱 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝒏 𝑬 = 𝟐𝟗𝑪𝟐 × 𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟐

𝐧 𝐒 = (𝐧𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟓 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟏

𝐭𝐨 𝟓𝟎) = 𝟓𝟎𝑪𝟓

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟏. Three group of children contain respectively 1 boy;
3 girls & & 2 boys; 1 girl & 3 boys. One child
girls 2 is
selected at random from each group. The chance that
the three selected children consists of one girl and 2
boys� is 𝟏 𝟏 �
𝟏 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟑 𝟐) 𝟑 𝟑) 𝟑 𝟒)𝟑
� �
𝟐
Solution 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐈 → 𝟑 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥𝐬,
𝟏 𝐛𝐨𝐲
𝐈𝐈 → 𝟐 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥𝐬, 𝟐
𝐈𝐈𝐈 → 𝟏 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥, 𝟑 𝐛𝐨𝐲𝐬
𝐛𝐨𝐲𝐬
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐆𝐁𝐁, 𝐁𝐆𝐁, 𝐁𝐁𝐆
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟑 𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟐𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟑 𝑪 𝟏 + 𝟏𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟐𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟑 𝑪 𝟏 +
𝟏𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟐𝑪 𝟏 . 𝟏𝑪 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟒𝑪𝟏 .
𝟏𝟖 + 𝟔 + 𝟐 𝟒𝑪𝟏 . 𝟒𝑪𝟏
= 𝟐𝟔 =
𝟔𝟒 𝟑
𝟏𝟑
=
𝟔𝟒 𝟐

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟐. A die is rolled threetimes.Find the probability of
getting a
large
𝟏𝟓 number than 𝟏 the previous
𝟏𝟑number is 𝟓
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟓
𝟔 𝟖 𝟔 𝟒
Solution
𝐧 = 𝟔𝑪𝟑
𝐄
= 𝟔𝟑
𝐧
𝐏
𝐒 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄
= )𝐧(𝐒
𝟔) 𝑪𝟑
𝐏 𝐄= Key -
𝟔𝟑
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟑. S is sample space. 𝐒 = 𝐗 𝐚𝐧𝐝
∈ 𝐍/𝟏 ≤ 𝐗 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐄 = 𝒙/(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟏) ∈ 𝐬 ,then P(E)=
𝟑 𝟕 𝟗 𝟔
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
Solution
𝐧 𝐒=
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐄 = 𝟐, 𝟑, , 𝟒, 𝟓 … 𝐧 𝐄
𝟏𝟎 , 𝐧(𝐄 =𝟗
𝐏 𝐄 )
𝐧(𝐒
=
)𝟗
𝐏 𝐄=
𝟏𝟎 Key -
𝟎 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟒. A letter is taken out at random from the word
ASSISTANT and an other from STATISTICS. The
probability that they are the same letter is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑 𝟕 𝟗 𝟓
𝟏)𝟗𝟎 𝟐) 𝟗 𝟑) 𝟗 𝟒)𝟗
Solution 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎

𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐍
𝐓→𝟏
𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐒 → 𝟐
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐀𝟏 𝐀𝟐; 𝐒𝟏
𝐒𝟐; 𝐓𝟏 𝐓𝟐; 𝐈𝟏 𝐈𝟐
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 × + 𝟐 × + × + × 𝟗
𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟗
=
𝟏𝟎 𝟎

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟓. If a number x is selected from the 1st 100 natural
numbers
random,at then the probability that 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎
�
𝟗 is
> 𝟓𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟏 𝟒)
𝟐 � 𝟑) 𝟐
�

𝟎 𝟐 𝟎
𝐧 𝐒= 𝟎
�
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Solution
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐄: 𝒙 + > 𝟓𝟎 ⇒ 𝒙 − 𝟓𝟎𝒙 +
𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟎 > 𝟎
𝒙
⇒ 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖, 𝟒𝟗, … ,
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒏(𝑬) 𝟓𝟓
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝑬 = 𝟐 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟓𝟑 = 𝟓𝟓
= = = Key -
𝑷 𝑬
𝒏
𝒏(𝑺) 𝟏𝟎𝟎 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟔. Two numbers ‘a’ and ‘b’are chosen at random from
numbers 1, 2,3,….30. the chance that the 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 is
divisible by ‘3’
𝟏 𝟒
is 𝟗 𝟏
𝟕
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟓
𝟖 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)𝟖
𝟕 𝟖 𝟖 𝟕
Solution 𝟕 𝟕
𝑾𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒏 𝑺 = 𝟑𝟎𝑪𝟐
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝟑𝟎 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔 = 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟐𝟗
𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝟑 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝑮𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒑𝒔𝑮
𝟏 𝟏, 𝟒, 𝟕,𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝑮𝟑
= … , 𝟐𝟖
𝑮𝟐 𝟐, 𝟓, 𝟖,
= … , 𝟐𝟐𝟗
𝑬: 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝒂 + 𝒃 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝟐

𝑮 𝟑 𝟑, 𝟔, 𝟗,
𝒃𝒚𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝑺 𝑺 𝑺 𝑺𝟏 &
𝐄 𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐬 + +
𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐬: 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝑪
𝟐+
𝟏𝟎
𝟐 𝑪
𝟐
𝟏𝟎
𝟑 𝑪
𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝑺𝑪𝟐𝟏 ×
𝟏𝟎 𝟏
𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒏 = 𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐 + 𝑪𝟏𝟎 𝑪𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟏 =
𝑬 𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝟐𝟑𝟓
𝑵𝒐𝒘 = 𝟒𝟕 =
𝒏(𝑺)
𝒏(𝑬) 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟐𝟗𝟗
𝑷 𝑬
𝟖𝟕
=

Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟕. If the letters of the word RANDOM be arranged at
random ,
the probability that there are exactly2
𝟒 letters in� �
between 𝟏 O is
A and
𝟏) 𝟒)
𝟓 𝟐) 𝟑) � �
� �
� � �
Solution �
𝑨 … . . 𝑶 +…..A
𝟒𝑷𝟐 𝟑! + 𝟒𝑷𝟐 = 𝟐 𝟒𝑷𝟐
𝟑! 𝒏(𝑬) (𝟑!)
𝟐 𝟒𝑷𝟐 × 𝟑!
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝟏
𝑷 𝑬 = = =� Key -
𝒏(𝑺) 𝟔! � 4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟖. If the letters of the QUESTI are arranged at
word the ON
are exactlyrandom
2 , letters
probability that in between Q
there and O 𝟔is × 𝟓! 𝟔𝒑𝟐 × 𝟓! 𝟔𝒑𝟐
𝟏) 𝟔𝒑
𝒑𝟐
×𝟐 ×𝟐
𝟐𝟖 𝟐) 𝟖! 𝟑) 𝟒) 𝟖
! 𝟖! !
Solution
𝑸− 𝒐𝒓 𝑶 −
−𝑶 −𝑸
𝟔𝑷𝟐 × 𝟓! + 𝟔𝑷𝟐 × 𝟓! = 𝟐 𝟓! ×
𝟔𝑷𝟐 𝒏(𝑬) 𝟐(𝟓! ×
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝟔𝑷𝟐)
𝑷 𝑬 = =
𝒏(𝑺) 𝟖! Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔 If four letters are placed into 4 addressed envelopes
𝟗. at random, the probability that at least one letter
will go wrong is
𝟏 � 𝟐 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟑 𝟒)
𝟒 𝟐) � 𝟑) 𝟐 𝟐
�
� 𝟒 𝟒
Solutio
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
n
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞
𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐠𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭
=𝟏 𝟏
𝟒
−
!
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟎 If four letters are placed into 4 addressed envelopes
. at random, the probability that exactly two letters
will go wrong is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐 � � 𝟎
� �

𝟒𝑷𝟐 𝟏
Solutio

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
n

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟒!
𝟐!

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟏. If four are int 4 envelopes
letters
random, the placed probability
o addressed
that exactly
three letters will wrong is at
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 go
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
� � � 𝟎
� � �
Solution
𝟒𝑷𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 −
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟒! 𝟐!
𝟑!

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟐. 4 wedde coupl are dancing at a if the
newely
partner isd es at function,
random then the chance that
selected is dancing with his own
husband no
� is
wife 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝟓 𝟑 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟐) 𝟐 𝟑) 𝟐 𝟐
�
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Solution
𝟒𝑷𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 − +
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟒! 𝟐! 𝟑!
𝟒!

Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟑. Three newly wedded couples are dancing at a function,
if the partner is selected at random the chance that
at least one husband is not dancing with his own
wife is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟐
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟔 𝟔 𝟑
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐮𝐬𝐛𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡
𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐰𝐧
𝐰𝐢𝐟𝐞
𝟏 𝟓
=𝟏−
𝟑! = 𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟒. 5 letters are to be placed in 5 addressed envelopes
at random.
The𝟓 probability that
𝟏 all the 5 letters
𝟏 will go wrong
𝟓
𝟏)
is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒)
𝟐 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟑
𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟎
𝟒 𝟎
Solution
𝟓𝑷 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 − + −
= 𝟓! 𝟐! 𝟑! 𝟒!
𝟓

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝟓!

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟓. The probability that the birthdays of 6
boys will fall in two
calender months is
𝟏𝟐𝐂 𝟏𝟐𝐂 × 𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝐂 × 𝟐𝟔 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝐂 × 𝟐𝟔
−𝟑
𝟏) 𝟐
𝟐) 𝟐
𝟑) 𝟐
𝟒) 𝟐

𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟔

Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟏𝟐 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟐𝐂
𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐞
𝟐
𝟔 𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝟐 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐧𝐨 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐢𝐬
𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐲
𝐢𝐧

𝟐𝟔 − 𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟔. The probability that the birthdays of 6 boys
will fall exactly in
3
𝟏𝟐calender
𝟑
𝟔
− 𝟑 months is 𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟑(𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟑
𝟏) 𝟏𝟐𝐂𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 ) 𝟓𝟒𝟎
𝐂𝟑

𝟑) 𝟏𝟐 𝟒) 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟔 ) 𝟏𝟐𝟔
𝟔 𝟔
Solution
𝐧(𝐒) =
𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟔

𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟑 𝟑
𝟔
− 𝟏 𝟔
𝟑𝑪𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟑𝑪𝟐

Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟕. 2n boys randomly divided into two subgroups
are boys each. containing n
probability that the two
The
different tallest boysare in
𝟏
groups is 𝟐 �
𝟏) (𝐧 − 𝟏) 𝟐𝐧
� 𝟐𝐧
) 𝟑) 𝟒)
−𝟏 𝟐𝐧 −
�
(𝟐𝐧 − 𝟏)
𝟏
�
Solution

𝟐𝐧 𝟐𝐧 − 𝟐 !
𝐧 𝐒 𝐧 = ×
!
𝐧! 𝟐!
= 𝐄 (𝐧 − 𝟏)𝟐 ! 𝟐!
𝟐𝟐!

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟖. Out of 1st 30 natural numbers (i.e., 1 to 30) three
are selected
at 𝟏𝟒
random. The probability
𝟏 that 𝟐they are consecutive
�
𝟒
numbers 𝟐 𝟖 𝟒 �
𝟏) 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒 𝟑) 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒
) )
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝐧 𝐒=
Solution

𝟑𝟎𝑪𝟑
𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒 … . 𝟐𝟖,
𝐄== ሼ 𝟏, 𝟐𝟗, 𝟑𝟎 ሽ
𝐧 𝟐𝟖
𝟐, 𝟑
𝐄
𝐧(𝐄 𝟐
𝐏 𝐄 ) = 𝟖
𝐧(𝐒 𝟑𝟎𝐂
=
) Key -
2
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟗. Out of 1st 30 natural numbers (i.e., 1 to 30) three
are selected at random. The probability that they are
not consecutive numbers
𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝟏 𝟐𝟖
𝟐
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝟏𝟒𝟓
𝟏𝟒𝟓
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐜𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
𝟏
=𝟏−
𝟏𝟒𝟓
Key -
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟎. The numbers 1, 2,3,4……n are arranged in a row at
random. The probability that the digits 1,2 ,3…..k(k <
n) appear as neighbours is 𝐧 − 𝐤 + 𝟏 !
𝐧−𝐤+𝟏 ! 𝟐)
𝟏) 𝐧−𝐤 !
𝐧! 𝐧 − 𝐤 + 𝟏 ! 𝒌!
𝐧 − 𝐤 + 𝟏 ! 𝒌! 𝟒)
𝟑) 𝐧−𝐤 !
𝐧!

𝐧 𝐒= 𝐧! 𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐧−𝐤+
Solution

𝟏 !. 𝐤!
𝐧(𝐄) 𝐧 − 𝐤 + 𝟏 !. 𝐤!
𝐏 𝐄= 𝐏 𝐄=
𝐧(𝐒) 𝐧!
Key -3
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟏. The 1,2,3,4…..n arranged in a at row
numbers
The probability the digits 1, 2, (k<n)random.
neighbours
that are
in that 3….k
order
∠(𝐧 −is𝐤 + ∠(𝐧 − 𝐤 + appear
𝟏) 𝟏)
𝟏) ∠𝐧 𝟐) ∠(𝐧 − 𝐤) as
∠(𝐧 − 𝐤 + ∠(𝐧 − 𝐤 +
𝟑 𝟏)∠𝐤 𝟒 𝟏)∠𝐤
∠ ∠(𝐧
) )
𝐧 − 𝐤)
𝐧−𝐤
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 + 𝟏 𝐧!
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
!
Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟐. Cardsare drawn a pack one by one. The
fromthat exactly 10 cardsprobability
will be drawn before the
first𝟐𝟒ace is 𝟏𝟔 𝟒𝟓 𝟐𝟒
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟒
𝟏) 𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝟐) 𝟒𝟏𝟔 𝟑) 𝟖𝟖 𝟒)𝟐𝟎𝟔
𝟔 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓
Solution
𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝑪𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟎 ×
𝟒𝟐𝑪𝟏

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟑. A person draws a card from a pack replaces it
shuffles the pack, again draws a card replaces it and
draws again. This he does until he draws a heart. The
to make atleast
probability that he will
drawshave
four 𝟏𝟕 is 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟓 𝟕
𝟐𝟕
𝟐𝟓 𝟐) 𝟐𝟕 𝟒)
𝟑
𝟔 𝟐𝟓 ) 𝟔
𝟔 𝟔𝟒 𝟒
𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟗
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟑𝟗 × × ×𝟏×𝟏…
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = =
𝟓𝟐
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟒. 5 digitednumbers are form by using {0,
1, 2,3, 4, 5}. The
probability that the selected number is divisible by
6 is
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟓 × 𝟓!
Solution

𝑨 five digit number is divisible by 6 if number is formed with

(1 2 3 4 5)or (0 1 2 4 5) having even digit at the end
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟐 × 𝟒! + 𝟒! + 𝟐 𝟒! − 𝟑! = 𝟏𝟎𝟖

Key -3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟓. One ticket is selected at random from 100 tickets
numbered 00, 01, 02,…..99. If S and T are the sum
and product of the digits formed on the ticket then
the probability for S=7 and T=6 is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒𝟗
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟎

Solution
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐒 = ሼ𝟎𝟕, 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟓, 𝟑𝟒, 𝟒𝟑,
𝟓𝟐, 𝟔𝟏, 𝟕𝟎ሽ

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐓 = 𝟔ሽ = ሼ𝟏 𝟔, 𝟐 𝟑, 𝟑 𝟐, 𝟔 𝟏ሽ
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐒 = 𝟕 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓
=𝟔= ሼ𝟏𝟔,
�
𝟔𝟏ሽ 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟏𝟎
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟎
�

= 𝟏
𝟓
𝟎

Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟔. In the quadratic equation 𝐚𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎, the
coefficients a, b, c take distinct values from the set
{1, 2, 3}. The probability that the roots of the
equation are real is
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓

𝐧 𝐒 =𝟑×𝟐×𝟏=𝟔
Solution

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚, 𝐛, 𝐜 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝒃𝟐

− 𝟒𝒂𝒄 ≥ 𝟎
= ሼ(𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟐)(𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟏)ሽ
𝐧 𝐄 =𝟐
Key -2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟕. Given two events A and B, if the
odds against A are 2 to 1,
and those in favour of A⋃B are 3 to 1, then
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏) ≤ 𝑷(𝑩) ≤ 𝟐) ≤ 𝑷(𝑩) ≤
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝟓 𝟑
𝟑) ≤ 𝑷(𝑩) ≤ 𝟒) 𝟎 ≤ 𝑷(𝑩) ≤1
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
Solution
𝐏 𝐀= 𝟏, 𝐩 𝐀 𝖴 𝐁 = 𝟑
, 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) ≥ 𝟎
𝟑 𝟒
𝐏 𝐀 +𝑷 𝑩 − 𝑷(𝑨 𝖴 𝑩) ≥ 𝟎
𝐏 𝐁 ≥ 𝟓
𝟏𝟐
𝐏 𝐁 ≤𝑷 𝑨𝖴𝑩
⇒ 𝑷(𝑩) ≤ 𝟑/𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟖. A student for I, II and III. The student
appears
successful if he testeitherin is testsI and II or test I
III . The probabilities
passes of the student passing in test
and
I, II p
are and
, q III
and respectively. If the
�
probability that the student
𝟏
is successful �is 𝟏

then
�

𝟏) 𝐩 = 𝐪 = 𝟐) 𝐩 = 𝐪 𝟑) 𝐩 = 𝟏, 𝐪 𝟒) 𝐩 = 𝟏, 𝐪
𝟏
�
�
�
= � = 𝟎 =
𝟏 𝟏
�
Solution

𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐏 𝐀
= 𝐏, 𝐏 𝐁 =q
𝟏
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷 𝑪
�
=
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬 = + 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁ഥ ∩ 𝐂 �
𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝟏𝐁 ∩ 𝐂ത 𝟏 𝟏 +𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁∩𝐂
⇒ +𝒑 𝟏− + =
� � � =𝟏�
�
𝒑𝒒 𝒒 𝒑𝒒
⇒ 𝒑𝒒 + 𝒑 𝟏 − 𝒒
𝟏
� � � �
+ 𝒑𝒒=1

⇒ 𝒑𝒒 + 𝒑=1
(𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝟑 )

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖𝟗. If the papers of 4 students can be checked by any
one of the seven teachers, then the probability that all
the papers are checked by exactly two teachers is
𝟔 𝟑 � �
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟒 �
𝟒 𝟐) 𝟑𝟒 𝟑) 𝟐 𝟑𝟒
)
�
𝟗
Solution 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟕𝟒

𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟕 𝐢𝐧 𝟕𝐂𝟐 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟒

𝐩𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐝
𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟒 − 𝟐 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
Key -
𝟒
𝐧 𝐄=
𝟕𝑪𝟐(𝟐 1
− 𝟐)
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟎. The chance of an event happening is the square of
the chance of a second event but the odds against
the first are the cube of the odds against the
second. The chance of each event is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒) , 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) , 𝟐) , 𝟑) ,
𝟗 𝟑 𝟖𝟒 𝟗 𝟕 𝟐 𝟒
Solution 𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐩 = 𝐪𝟐

(𝟏 − 𝐏) 𝟏 − 𝐪𝟑
=
𝐏 𝐪
𝟏 − 𝐪𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝐪) 𝟏 − 𝐪 𝟐
=
𝐪𝟐 𝐪𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

⇒ 𝟏+𝐪 𝐪 = 𝟏 + 𝐪𝟐
− 𝟐𝐪
𝟏 𝟏
⇒𝐪 𝐩
� �
= =
� �

Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟏. S = {1, 2, 3,…….20}
if 3 numbers are chosen at random
from
the probability for S, are in
they
A.P.𝟑 is 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟓 𝟑 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟑
𝟖 𝟑 𝟑 𝟖
𝟑 𝟓
𝟑
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝟐𝐧 =
𝟐(𝟐𝐧
− 𝟏) 𝟐𝟎

Key -
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟐. A box contains 100 tickets numbered 1,2, …..100.
two tickets are chosen at random. It is given that
the maximum number on the two chosen tickets is not
more than 10. the probability that the minimum
number
𝟏 on �them is 5� is �
𝟏)
� 𝟐) � 𝟑) � 𝟒)�
� � �

Solution� � � �
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟐 𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟏
𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐫𝐞
≤ 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟐 𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟏 𝐭𝐨
𝑪𝟐

𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐧𝐞

𝐢𝐬 𝟓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐬 > 𝟓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ≤ 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑪𝟏
Key -1
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟑. A positive integer is selected at random. If A be the
event that it is divisible by 5 and B be the event that
it has zero at the units place, then 𝐀 𝖴 𝑩ഥ is
𝟏) 𝐀𝐧 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝟐) 𝐀 𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧
𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝟑) 𝑨ഥ ∩ 𝑩
𝟒) 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐧𝐨 −
𝐳𝐞𝐫𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬
𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞
Solution 𝑩⊆𝑨

𝑨 𝖴 𝑩ഥ = 𝑺
Key -2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟒. The probability that a certain
beginner at correct
shot if he uses the golf gets𝟏 anda good the
�
𝟏
club is good shot with � probability
�
different clubs,club
incorrect only
one
is of which
.
ofis correct
a In for
his the
shot in question . If he uses a club at random and
�

bag he there
takes a stroke the probability that gets aaregood
shot is 5
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐)
� 𝟏
𝟐
� �
𝟑 � 𝟒 �
�
𝟏 𝟏
) )
𝟓 𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
Solution
𝐄𝟏, 𝐄𝟐 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐛,
𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐛
𝟏
𝐀 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐭
𝐏
𝑬𝟏 𝟒
= 𝑷
𝟏 𝑬𝟐 =
𝐏 𝟓
𝑨𝟏/𝑬𝟏 𝟓𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝑷 𝑨𝟐/𝑬𝟐 =
=
𝟑
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐀 =
𝐏 𝐀= . + 𝐏 𝐄
𝐀
𝟏𝟒 �
𝐏 𝐄 𝟏 𝐏 𝟒 𝐄 . 𝐏
𝟏 𝟐

𝐏 𝐀= 𝟏 . + 𝟏 𝐄𝟐
Key -
�
𝟏
𝟓 𝟓
. 𝟑 𝟒 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟓. First bag contains 5 red and 4 white balls. Second
bag contains 7 red and 5 white balls. One ball is
drawn from the first bag and two balls are drawn
from the second bag. The probability that out of 3
balls drawn, two are white and one is red is
𝟗𝟓 𝟏𝟗𝟎 𝟗𝟓 𝟗𝟎
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟓𝟗𝟒 𝟐𝟗𝟕 𝟐𝟗𝟕 𝟓𝟗𝟒

Solution
𝐑 𝟏 , 𝐖𝟏 → 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐚𝐠
𝐑 𝟐 , 𝐖𝟐 → 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝
𝐛𝐚𝐠
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞

𝐑 𝟏 𝐖𝟐 𝐖𝟐 , 𝐖𝟏 𝐑 𝟐 𝐖𝟐
𝟓
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟓𝑪𝟐 + 𝟒 . 𝟕𝑪 𝟏 .
𝟗. 𝟗
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝑪
𝟏𝟐
𝑪
𝟏𝟐 𝟐
𝟓𝑪𝟏
𝟐

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟔. Five horses are in a race. Mr. A selects two of the
horses at random and best on them. The probability
that Mr. A selected the winning horse is
� 𝟏 � 𝟒
𝟐) 𝟒)
𝟏) � 𝟑) �
� �
� � � �
�
Solution �

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐀

𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐞
𝟏𝑪𝟏 . 𝟒𝑪𝟏
= 𝟓𝑪
Key -
𝟐

3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟕. Two integers x and y are chosen with replacement
out of the
set {0, 1, 2, 3…..,10}. Then the probability that 𝒙 − 𝒚
> 𝟓 is
𝟖𝟏 𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟎
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟏
Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟏

𝟎, 𝟔 𝟏, 𝟕 𝟐, 𝟖 (𝟑, 𝟗)(𝟒, 𝟏𝟎)

𝐄 =
𝟎, 𝟕 𝟏, 𝟖 𝟐, 𝟗 𝟑, 𝟏𝟎… (𝟎, 𝟏𝟎)

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟐×σ𝟓
Key -2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟖. A contest consists of predicting the result of (win,
draw or loss) 5 foot ball matches. The probability
that an entry contains at least 3 correct answers is
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟗
𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟏𝟕
𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟖𝟏 𝟐𝟕

Solution
𝐧 𝐒
= 𝟑𝟓
𝟐
+ 𝟓 𝑪𝟒 𝟐 + 𝟓 𝑪𝟓
𝐧 𝐄
= 𝟓𝑪𝟑 𝟐 Key -2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟗𝟗. A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all
determinants of order 2 with elements 0 or 1 only.
The probability that the determinant is positive is
𝟑 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟒)
𝟏𝟔 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖

Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟒

𝐄 =
𝟏 𝟏, 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎, 𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟏𝟎𝟎. A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all
determinants of order 2 with elements 0 or 1 only.
The probability that the determinant is negative is
𝟑 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟒)
𝟏𝟔 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖

Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟒 𝐧 𝐄=𝟑
𝟏 , 𝟏 𝟏
𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝟎
𝟏 , 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝟑
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏𝟔 Key -1
𝐏 𝐄
=
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
1. A magical die is so loaded that the probability of any face appearing is
proportional to the number of points on its face. The probability of an
odd number appearing is

1
𝟐
𝟑 2) 4)
�
) 𝟕 3)
𝟕𝟒 𝟕 𝟓
�

Solution
P 𝐊 = 𝐂𝐊

P 𝟏 +𝐏 𝟐
+⋯+𝐏 𝟔 =𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
2. A magical die is so loaded that the probability of any face appearing is
proportional to the number of points on its face. The probability of an
even number appearing is
1)
� �
4)
𝟐
� 2)�
� 3) � 𝟓
�
� � � �
Solution �

𝐏 𝑲 =CK
𝑷 𝟏 +
𝑷 𝟐 +𝟏𝟐
⋯
+𝑷
𝑷 𝟐+𝟔𝑷 𝟒 = 𝟏= 𝟒
𝟐
+𝑷 𝟔 =
𝟏 𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
3. A fair die is thrown untill a face with less than 5 points is obtained.
The probability of obtaining not less than 2 points on the last throw is

1) �
𝟏
2) �
𝟏
� �
4) 𝟏
3) 𝟑
� � � �
Solution

𝐒= 𝟏, 𝟐,
𝟑, 𝟒 𝐄 = ሼ𝟐, 𝐧(𝐄
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟑, 𝟒ሽ )𝐧(𝐒
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
)
𝐏 𝐄 𝟑
�
=
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
4. A six faced die is so biased that it is twice as likely to show an even
number as an odd number when thrown. It is thrown twice. The
probability that the sum of the numbers thrown is even is
1) 2)
𝟒
4)
𝟏
𝟑 3) 𝟓
𝟔
�
𝟗 �
Solution
𝟗
𝑨 → 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 ; 𝑩 →
𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟐𝑷(𝑩) 𝟏 �
𝑾𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝑷 𝑨 +𝑷 𝑩 = = ,𝑷 =�
�
𝟏⇒𝑷 𝑩𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝑨
𝑷 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝟏 = . =𝟓 �
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
�
+ .
𝟗
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
5. Two symmetrical dice are rolled. The probability that at least one of
the two numbers is greater than 4 is
1) 3) 4)
𝟒

𝟕
� �
𝟑
2) 𝟓 � �
𝟗
𝐧(𝐄
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟗
)𝐧(𝐒
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
)
Solution
𝒏
𝒏 𝑺 = 𝟔 × 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟔
𝑬 =20
𝟐𝟎 𝟓
𝑷 𝑬
𝟑 𝟗
= =
𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
6. The chance of throwing a sum of 6 points with 4 dice

1) 4)
is
𝟏𝟓
𝟔 𝟔𝟒 2) 3) 𝟔𝟒
𝟔𝟒 𝟓 𝟔𝟒
𝟏𝟎
Solution

𝐅𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 (, , , ) − (𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬) (,

, , ) − ( 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬)

Required Probability = 𝟏𝟎
𝟔𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
7. When two dice are thrown one after an other, the chance that the
number of points on the 1st is smaller than the number of points on
the second is
1) 3) 4
𝟏 𝟕 𝟓
𝟏 � 𝟏
𝟑
)
2) 𝟖 � 𝟐
𝟐
𝒏 𝑺= 𝟔×𝟔
= 𝟑𝟔
Solution

𝒏 𝑬 =15
𝟏𝟓
𝑷 𝑬 𝟓 =
𝟑𝟔
𝟏𝟐
=
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
8. Six cards are drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52
playing cards. The probability that four of them may have the same

4
𝟒𝐂𝟏×𝟏𝟑𝐂
face value is
𝟒𝐂𝟏×𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟏×𝟒𝟖 2) 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟏 3
𝟒𝐂𝟏×𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟏×𝟒𝟖
1 𝟓
𝟓𝟐 ×𝟒𝟖
)
𝟓𝟐 )
) 𝟐
𝟏 𝐂𝟏
𝐂𝟐 � 𝟐 𝐂 𝐂 𝟐 𝐂 𝟏
𝐂
𝟓𝟐𝐂 𝟔 𝟑
𝟑
�

Solution
𝐧 = 𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟔 ; = 𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟏 .
𝐒 𝒏 𝟏𝟑
𝑬 𝑪𝟏 . 𝟒𝑪𝟒 . 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟐
𝑷 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟐
𝑬 = 𝟓𝟐𝑪
𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
9. The probability of getting 9 cards of the same suit by a
𝟏𝟑 𝟗×𝟑𝟗𝐂 𝟒𝐂𝟏 ×𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟗 𝟒𝐂𝟏×𝟏𝟑𝐂
particular
𝟏𝟑at
𝐂 a game of𝐂bridge
×𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟒
1) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏𝟑 2) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏𝟑 3) 4) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
hand 𝟒
is 𝟗
𝟗

𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏𝟑 𝟑
Solution
𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟒 𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭
𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝟏𝟑 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬
𝟒𝐂𝟏 . 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟗 .
𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲𝟓𝟐=𝐂𝟏
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
10. In a hand at whist, the probability that 4 queens are held by a

𝟒×𝟒𝟖𝑪 𝟒×𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏 𝟐×𝟒𝟖𝐂𝟏

specified player is
2) 𝟒𝟖𝐂
1) 3) 4)
𝟗 𝟑 𝟑
𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏𝟑 𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟗 𝟏
𝐂
𝟑
𝟑 𝟑

𝟒𝐂𝟒 . 𝟒𝟖𝐂𝟗
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
11. In a game of bridge the probability of a particular player having
𝟒𝐂𝟏×𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
only one ace is
1
𝟒𝑪
2) 3) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 4) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

)
𝟓𝟐
𝟏 𝑪𝟏 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

Solution
𝟒𝐂𝟏 . 𝟒𝟖𝐂𝟏𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
12. In a game of bridge, the player A has received two aces. The
𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏 𝟑𝟕𝐂𝟏 𝟑𝟕𝑪𝟏 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏
probability that his partner has not been dealt even one ace is

1) 𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟑 2) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 3) 𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟏 4) 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝐀𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐀 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝟑 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬, 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐨

Solution

𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭 = 𝟗

𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝟑 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬

𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐧𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟑𝟕𝐂𝟏𝟑
= 𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
13. In a game of bridge, the player A has received two aces. The
𝟒𝑪𝟏×𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏 𝟐𝑪𝟏×𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏 𝟐𝑪𝟏×𝟑𝟕𝑪𝟏 𝟒𝑪𝟏×𝟑𝟕𝑪𝟏
probability that his partner has been dealt, exactly one ace is

1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟓𝟐𝑪𝟏 𝟓𝟐𝐂𝟏 𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟏 𝟑𝟗𝑪𝟏

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝐀𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐀 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬, 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐨

Solution
𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭 = 𝟗
𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝟑 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡
𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝟐𝑪𝟏 × 𝟑𝟕𝑪𝟏𝟐
𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
𝟑𝟗𝑪𝟏
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
14. Two cards are drawn one after another at random without
replacement. The probability that both of them may have the
different face values is

𝟒 2) 3) 𝟏𝟐
4) 𝟏
1) 𝟏
𝟔
𝟏
𝟏𝟔 𝟏
𝟑 𝟑 𝟕 𝟑

Solution

𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟐 𝟒 . 𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟏

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟓𝟐×𝐂𝟐𝟏 .
𝟓𝟏𝐂𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
15. If 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 then 𝐏 𝐀ഥ 𝖴 𝐁ഥ
𝐁
1) 2) 3) 4)
is equal
𝟎. 𝟗𝟐 0.14
to 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐
Solution

𝐏 = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ = 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩
𝐀ഥ 𝐁 𝐁)

𝖴 𝐁ഥ
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
16. In a class of 125 students, 70 passed in mathematics, 55 in statistics
and 30 in both. The probability that a student selected at random
from that class, has passed in only one subject is
2 4
𝟑 𝟖
𝟏𝟑
1) 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 3) 𝟐
𝟏𝟕 ) 𝟐𝟓 ) 𝟓
Solution

𝟕 𝟓 𝟑
𝟎 𝟓 𝟎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝐏 𝐌= 𝐏 𝐒= 𝐏 𝐌 ∩ 𝐒 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟓 =𝟓
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 + − 𝟐𝐏(𝐌 ∩
𝐏 𝐒 𝐒)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 𝐌
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟕𝟎 𝟑
𝟓𝟓 +
𝟏𝟐𝟓
−𝟐 𝟎
𝟏𝟐
×
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟓
𝟕𝟎
𝟓𝟓 +
𝟏𝟐𝟓
−𝟐 𝟑
𝟏𝟐
×
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟓𝟎
𝟕𝟎 + 𝟓𝟓 𝟔
− 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟓 =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟎. 𝟒𝟐
𝟓 𝟓
KEY : 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
17. 5 unbiased coins are tossed. The probability that 4 heads result, if
it is known that there will be atleast 3 heads is
1 4
𝟏 𝟐
2 3)
𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
) 𝟔 )
𝟏 𝟏
) 𝟔
𝟓
𝟔 𝟔
Solution

𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟒 𝐨𝐟
𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐬
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝟑 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐬
𝟓𝐂 𝟓
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 =
𝟓𝐂𝟑 + 𝟒𝟓𝐂𝟒 + 𝟓 𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟔
𝐂𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
18. Two symmetrical dice are thrown at a time. If the sum of the
points on them is 8, the probability that one of them will show a
face with 3 points is

1) 𝟓 2) 3)
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝟓 𝟓
4) 𝟒
𝐒 = ሼ 𝟓𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟐
Solution 𝟔 𝟓
𝟓, 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 ሽ
𝐄 = ሼ 𝐧(𝐄ሽ
𝐏(𝐄)
𝟑, 𝟓 )𝐧(𝐒
=
)
𝐏(𝐄) 𝟐
=
𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
19. Two symmetrical dice are rolled. If the numbers thrown up on
them are different, the probability of getting an even number as

1) 2) 4)
the sum of the numbers is
𝟓 � 3) �
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
� 𝟒
� � �
Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟔 × 𝟓 = 𝟑𝟎
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐬 𝟐 𝐨𝐫 𝟒 𝐨𝐫 𝟔 𝐨𝐫
𝟖 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟎 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟐

𝐧 𝐄= 𝟏 + 𝟑 + 𝟓 + 𝟓 + 𝟑 + 𝟏
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏𝟐
− 𝟔
𝐏 𝐄 = 𝟏𝟐 =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟐
= =
𝟑𝟎 𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
20. A symmetrical die is thrown 3 times. It was found that the 1st throw
was a 4. The probability that the sum of points on them is 15 is
3)
𝟏
1) 𝟐
𝟏
𝟏𝟖
2) 𝟒𝟏 4) 𝟗𝟏
Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟒 𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐞
= 𝟑𝟔

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝟏𝟓 𝐚𝐧𝐝

𝐧(𝐄)
𝟒 𝐨𝐧𝐏𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐞 = 𝟐 𝟏
𝐄 𝟐 =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟑𝟔
= =
𝟏𝟖
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
21. Three dice are rolled. If no two
dice show the same face, the probability that one
1) 2)
die shows one is 3) 4)
� � 𝟏
� �
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
� � � �
Solution

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟔 × 𝟓 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝐧 𝐄 =𝟏×𝟓×𝟒+𝟓×𝟏×𝟒+𝟓×𝟒
× 𝟏 = 𝟔𝟎
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟔𝟎 𝟏
𝐏 𝐄 =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟐
= =
𝟏𝟐𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
22. In a bag there are 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls are drawn one
after an other without replacement. If the 1st ball is known to be
white, the probability that the 2nd ball drawn is also white is
1) 2) 3) 4
𝟖
� � 𝟏
)
𝟐 𝟓 𝟖
�
� � � 𝟑

� 𝐏(𝐀
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 � = ∩ 𝐏(𝐀
𝐁)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏
�
𝟔 )
= =
𝟔 ××
�𝟒𝟓+ 𝟔 × 𝟓 �
𝟗 �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
23. It is given that there are 52 Fridays in a leap year. The
probability that it will have 53 Saturdays is
1) 2) 3) 𝟐
4)
𝟏

𝟓 𝟒
� 𝟓
𝟑
𝟓
�
Solution
𝐀 → 𝟓𝟐 𝐁 → 𝟓𝟑
𝐀 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
→ ሼ 𝐒, 𝐌 𝐒𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝐌, 𝐓 𝐓, 𝐖
𝐖, 𝐓𝐡 𝐒𝐚, 𝐒 ሽ
𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 = ሼ 𝐒𝐚, 𝐒 ሽ 𝐁 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 � 𝟏 =
=
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = �𝐀 𝐏(𝐀)
𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
24. An electric bulb will last for 150 days or more with a probability 0.7
and it will last for at the most 160 days with probability 0.8. The

1) 4)
probability that the bulb will last between 150 and 160 days is
2) 𝟎. 𝟑 3)
𝟎. 𝟏 𝟎. 𝟒
Solution 𝟎. 𝟓

𝐏 𝐄≥ =
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟎. 𝟕
𝐏 𝐄≤ =
𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟎. 𝟖
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝐏 𝟏𝟓𝟎 ≤ 𝐄 =𝟏 𝟎. 𝟑 + =
≤ 𝟏𝟔𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
25. The Intermediate Board has to select an examiner from a list of 100
persons. 40 of them women and 60 men; 50 of them knowing Telugu
and 50 are not; 75 of them are teachers and the remaining are not.
The probability that the University selects a telugu knowing woman
teacher is
2
𝟑
1 4
𝟏 𝟐
𝟏𝟕
𝟐 3) 𝟐
)
𝟐 𝟐
) 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 ) 𝟎
Solution

𝐀 → 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧
𝐁 → 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐮𝐠𝐮
𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧
𝐂 → 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫.
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟒
𝐏 𝐀 𝟎
𝟏𝟎
=
𝟎
𝐏 𝐁 𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎
=
𝟎
𝟕𝟓
𝟏𝟎
𝐏 𝐂=
𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
=
𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂= 𝐏 𝐀 .
𝐏 𝐁 . 𝐏(𝐂)= 𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟎
. 𝟒𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏 𝟑
KEY : 2
=𝟒 𝟑.
𝟐𝟎 𝟒
× 𝟓𝟎 =
𝟐𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
26. A and B are two independent events. The probability that both A
and B occur is 𝟏 and the probability that neither of them occur is 𝟏. The
𝟔

𝟑
𝟏
2) of A is 3) 𝟏 4) 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏
1) �𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
� 𝐨𝐫 � 𝐨𝐫 � 𝐨𝐫 �
𝐨𝐫�
probability of occurrence
� 𝟑 � 𝟑 � 𝟒 �

Solution
𝟏
𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁
=� 𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ�
�𝟏
𝐏 𝑨 .𝐏 𝐁 𝐏 𝐀ഥ ∩ 𝐁ഥ�
=�
�
𝟏
� = �
𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟖
27. A and B are two independent events such that 𝐩 𝐀ഥ 𝟐
and
∩ 𝐁𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁𝟐ഥ = 𝟑 , then 𝟓

= 𝟓
�
1) � 3) 𝐨 4) 𝐨
𝟏 � 𝟏
� 2) �
𝟏
P(A)= 𝟏
� � � �
𝐨𝐫� 𝐨𝐫� �𝐫 � �𝐫 �
𝟏 𝟏
�
�
�
�
Solution �

𝟖
𝐏 𝑨ഥ . 𝐏 𝐁𝟐= −
−− −(𝟏) 𝟓
𝟑
𝐏 𝑨 . 𝐏 𝑩ഥ𝟐= −
−− −(𝟐) 𝟓 𝟏 �
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝟏 & 𝟐 𝒐 �
�
𝒘𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝑷 𝑨 𝒓
� �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
28. 𝟑𝟐 of students of a class are boys and the rest girls. It is given that
the probability of a girl getting 1st class is 0.25 and the same for a boy is
0.28. From that class a student is selected at random. The probability
that the student is a 1st class student
1) 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
3) 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕 4) 𝟎.
2) 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔
� 𝟏
𝐏 𝟐𝟖
𝐁 � 𝐏 𝐆
�
= =
Solution
�
𝐏 =
�
𝐄/𝐆 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
�
𝐏 =
𝐄/𝐁 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = �
𝐏 𝐄= 𝐏 𝐁 . 𝐏 +𝐏 𝐆
�𝐄
.𝐏 � 𝟏 �
�
𝐏 𝐄= �× (𝟎. 𝟐𝟖) + × (𝟎.
𝟑 �
�
𝟐𝟓)
𝟏
�

𝐏 𝐄 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔 + 𝟎.
�
�
= 𝟐𝟓
= 𝟏 𝟎. 𝟖𝟏 =
�
�
𝟎. 𝟐𝟕
𝐏� =
𝐄 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
29. An urn A contains 8 black and 5 white balls. A second urn B contains
6 black and 7 white balls. A blind folded person is asked to draw a
ball selecting one of the urns, the probability that the ball drawn is

1 2 3 4
𝟓 𝟔 𝟕 𝟗
white is
𝟏
) 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
) 𝟑 ) 𝟑 ) 𝟑
Solution
𝐀, 𝐁 → 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐫𝐧
𝐀, 𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝐁
𝐏 𝐀 = 𝐏 𝐁= 𝟏/𝟐 � �
𝐖 → 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 =
𝟏�
𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐏
� 𝟑
�

�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐖 𝟕
� =
𝐁
� �
𝟏𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
� +𝐏
�

= 𝐏 𝐀 .𝐏 𝐁 .𝐏
� �
�

+ 𝟕�
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟓
𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐
. 𝟏𝟑 .
�

𝟓 𝟏𝟐
+𝟐𝟕 = 𝟔𝟐
=
𝟏
𝟔 𝟔 𝟑
KEY : 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
30. There are 3 white and 2 black balls in a bag X and 2 white and 4
black balls in an other bag Y. If a bag is selected at random and then

2
𝟒
a ball is drawn at random, the probability that it is white is
1 3 4
𝟐 𝟕 𝟖
𝟏
)
𝟏 𝟏
) 𝟓 ) 𝟓
𝟏
𝟓 ) 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏
𝐏 = ,𝑷 =
Solution
� �
𝐗 𝒀
𝑬→ � �
𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍
� � 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
𝑷 =𝑷 � +𝑷 � =𝟑 . +𝟕.
𝑬 𝑿 𝑷 𝒀 𝑷 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏
=
� � 𝟔 𝟓
� �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
31. An urn contains 5 white and 7 black balls. A second urn contains 7
white and 8 black balls. One ball is transferred from the 1st urn to
the 2nd urn without noticing its colour. A ball is now drawn at
random from the 2nd urn. The probability that it is white is
3
𝟗
1 2 4
𝟖 𝟗
𝟖𝟗 𝟗 𝟖
) ) )
𝟏𝟗
𝟗𝟐 𝟐 ) 𝟐
𝟏𝟗𝟐

Solution

=
𝟖
Required probability= 𝟏𝟐 . 𝟏𝟔
𝟕
𝟏𝟐 .
𝟓 𝟖 𝟗
𝟏𝟗
+ 𝟏𝟔 𝟕 𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
32. One bag contains 5 white and 3 black balls and an other contains 4
white, 5 red balls. Two balls are drawn from one of them choosing at
random. The probability that they are of different colours is
2
𝟓
𝟏𝟓
1) 𝟓𝟔 𝟏 3) 𝟓𝟎 4) 𝟔𝟐
) 𝟖 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟒 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟒
Solution

𝐀, 𝐁 → 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐚𝐠 𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐠 𝟐

𝐄 → 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟

𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 𝟓𝐂 𝟏 .
𝟏
𝐏 𝐀 = 𝐏 𝐁= 𝐏 𝟑𝐂 𝟏
�
𝐄/𝐀 = 𝟖𝐂
� 𝟐
 𝟒𝐂𝟏 .
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐏 𝟓𝐂 𝟏
𝐄/𝐁 = 𝟗𝐂 � �
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝𝟐 𝐏 � +𝐏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐀 .𝐏 𝐁 .𝐏
� �
�

𝟏 𝟓𝐂𝟏.𝟑𝐂�
𝟒𝐂𝟏.𝟓𝐂
𝟏
�
=𝟐 . +
𝟏
𝟖𝐂𝟐 𝟏
𝟗𝐂
𝟐
𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
33. In a group of equal number of men and women, 10% of men and
45% of women are unemployed. The probability that a person
selected at random from that group is employed is
4
𝟗
1) 2)
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟗
𝟒
) 𝟎
𝟏𝟖
3)

𝐋𝐞𝐭𝟒𝟎𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐞𝐧
𝟒𝟎
= 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟
𝐰𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟎
Solution 𝐧(𝐒) = 𝟐𝟎𝟎

𝐍𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐮𝐧𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 = 𝟏𝟎

+ 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟓𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐧 = 𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎

𝐄 − 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟏𝟒𝟓
𝐧(𝐄 𝟏𝟒 𝟐
𝐏 𝐄 )𝐧(𝐒 = 𝟓
𝟐𝟎
=𝟗
𝟒
=
) 𝟎 𝟎

KEY : 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
34. If four letters are placed into 4 addressed envelopes at random, the
probability that exactly one letter will go wrong is

1) 2) 3) 𝟏 4)
�
𝟎 𝟏
�
𝟑
𝟏 𝟒

Solution

𝐈𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐧
𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
35. If four letters are placed into 4 addressed envelopes at random, the
probability that all the four letters will go wrong is

1) 2
𝟕
3) � 𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 4) 𝟐
)
𝟓 𝟐�
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟒
Solution

𝟒𝐏𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 − +
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟒! 𝟐! 𝟑!
𝟒!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
36. Three newly wedded couples are dancing at a function. If the partner
is selected at random the chance that all the husbands are not
dancing with their own wives is..

1) 𝟏
3) 𝟓

2) 𝟏
4) 𝟐
𝟑 𝟔
𝟔
Solution 𝟑

𝟑𝐏𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 −
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟑! 𝟐!
𝟑!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
37. 5 letters are to be placed in 5 addressed envelopes at random. The
probability that exactly two letters will go wrong is

1 𝟏 2) 𝟓𝟓 𝟔𝟓 4
𝟏𝟐𝟎
) 3) 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟐
𝟒𝟓 ) 𝟎
𝟏𝟐
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝟓𝐏𝟐 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
=
𝟏
𝟓! 𝟐!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
38. If all the letters of the word 'RANDOM' are arranged in all
possible ways, then the probability that no letter is in its original
𝟔𝐏
2 4)
position is 𝟏
1) 𝟕𝟐 3)
𝟔
𝟕𝟐
)
𝟕𝟐 𝟏
𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
�
�

Solution
𝟔𝐏𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 − + − +
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟔! 𝟐! 𝟑! 𝟒! 𝟓!
𝟔!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
39. 5 letters are to be placed in 5 addressed envelopes at random. The
probability that all the letters will not go into wrongly addressed
envelopes is

1 2
𝟒
3
𝟏 𝟕
𝟒
𝟏𝟐 𝟔 4) 𝟏𝟐
)
𝟏𝟐
)
𝟏𝟐
𝟎 𝟎 ) 𝟎 𝟏𝟗𝟗
𝟎
Solution
𝟓𝐏𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 − + −
=𝟏− 𝟓! 𝟐! 𝟑! 𝟒!
𝟓!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
40. If 4 unbiased dice are rolled then either first die or l st die show
even
1) 𝟏
3) 4)
numbers is
2) 𝟏 𝟑
�
𝟏
�
𝟐 � �
𝟒
Solution

𝟐 𝟑×𝟔×𝟔 − (𝟑 × 𝟔 × 𝟔 × 𝟑)
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 ×𝟔 𝟑
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟔 =
𝟒 �
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
41. Out of 5 digits 0, 3, 3, 4, 5 five digit numbers are formed. If one
number is selected at random out of them. The probability that it is
divisible by 5 is
4
𝟗
1 2
𝟑
3
𝟓 𝟕
𝟏
𝟏
) 𝟔 )
𝟏
𝟔 ) 𝟔
𝟏
𝟔 )
𝟓!
𝐧 𝐒 𝟒!− = 𝟔𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐
Solution
𝟐!
= = 𝟒𝟖
𝟐!
𝟒! 𝟒!
𝐧 𝐄 + 𝟑!
𝟐! 𝟐!
= −
𝟐!
𝐧 =12+9=21
𝐄
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐧(𝐄 𝟐𝟏
𝐏 𝐄 )𝐧(𝐒 = 𝟕
𝟒
=
𝟏
=
) 𝟖 𝟔

KEY : 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
42. There are 10 stations between A and B. A train is to stop at three of
these 10 stations. The probability that no two of these stations are
𝟏𝟎𝐂
consecutive is
1) 𝟖𝐂 2
𝟗𝐂
3) 𝟕𝐂
4) 𝟏𝟐𝐂
𝟑
𝟏𝟎
)
𝟏𝟎
𝟑 � 𝟑 �
𝟏𝟎
𝟑 �
𝐂 𝐂
� 𝐂 � � 𝟑
Solution
𝐧 = 𝟏𝟎𝐂𝟑 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐒 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 = 𝟑
𝐧𝐨. 𝟑𝐨𝐟
𝐈𝐟 𝐰𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐧𝐨𝐧 𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐠𝐚𝐩𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝟕
𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬, 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 = 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝟕 𝐧𝐨𝐭
𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟖𝐂𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐧 𝟖𝐂
𝐄
𝐏 𝐄=𝐧 = 𝟏𝟎𝐂
𝟑

𝐒 𝟑
KEY : 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
43. There are four machines and it is known that exactly two of them are
faulty. They are tested one by one in a random order till both the
faulty machines are identified. Then the probability that only two
tests are needed is

1) 𝟑 2) 3)�
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟔
4) 𝟏
𝟒
�

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
Solution

= 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐬

𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐲 𝐦𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
= × =
𝟒 𝟑 𝟔
=
𝟏𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
44. If four digits from {1, 2, 3, ..... 9} are taken at random and multiplied
together, then the chance that the last digit in the product be 1, 3, 7

𝟏
or 9 is
� 𝟏
1) 𝟗� 𝟏 3) 𝟗𝐂
2) 𝟒 4) 𝟒𝟎
𝐏
𝟎
Solution
𝐧 = 𝟗𝑪 𝟒
𝐒
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝟏, 𝟑,
𝟕, 𝟗 𝐢𝐧
𝐧 =𝟏 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐄 𝐧(𝐄) 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟕, 𝟗
𝐏 𝐄=
𝐧(𝐒)
= 𝟏
𝟗𝑪𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
45. In a team of 10 persons there is a married couple, from them a
committee of 5 is to be made, then the probability for the couple

𝟐(𝟖𝐂𝟓 𝟐(𝟖𝐏𝟑
being either included or excluded is
1 2
𝟖𝐂 𝟖𝐂 )
)
3) 𝟏𝟎𝐂 4) 𝟏𝟎𝐏
) )
𝟏𝟎
𝟑 𝐂 𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝐂

𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
Solution

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟓 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟏𝟎 𝐢𝐧

𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝟐 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫
𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞 + 𝟐 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫
𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐝

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟓 = 𝟖𝑪𝟑 + 𝟖𝑪𝟓

PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐧(𝐄) 𝟖 𝑪𝟑
𝐏 + 𝟖 𝑪𝟓
𝐄 = =
𝐧(𝐒)
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟓
KEY : 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
46. An urn contains 6 white and 4 black balls. A fair die whose faces are
numbered from 1 to 6 is rolled and number of balls equal to that of
the number appearing on the die is drawn from the urn at random.
The probability that all those are white is…
1) 2) 3)
𝟑

𝟏
� 𝟐
�
4) 𝟒
� � 𝟓

Solution 𝟓

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = .
෍ 𝑷 𝑨𝒊 𝑷
𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐀𝐢 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝑩𝒊
𝒊=𝟏 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧
′ ′

𝐚 𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐁𝐢
→ 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 ′ 𝐢 ′ 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞
𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬
𝟏 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦
𝟔𝑪𝟏 𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝟏 𝟔𝑪 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝟔𝑪 𝟑 + +⋯+
= 𝟔 .𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟏 + 𝟔 .𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐. 𝟔 𝟔
. 𝟔𝑪 𝟔
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟔

KEY : 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
47. Four digited numbers without repetition are formed using the digits
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. If one is selected at random the probability that it is
divisible by 25 is
4
𝟏
1 2
𝟖
3
𝟗 𝟏
𝟏
)
𝟏
)
𝟏
)
𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 ) 𝟎 𝟓

𝐧 = 𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟒𝐏𝟐
Solution
𝐒 𝟔𝐏𝟒 ×𝟐
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝟒𝐏𝟐
× 𝟐 𝐧(𝐄) 𝟒𝐏
𝐏 ×𝟐
𝟐

𝐄 = =
𝐧(𝐒)
𝟔𝐏𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
48. If four dice are thrown together, then the probability that the sum of
the numbers appearing on them is 13 is

𝟑𝟓 𝟏𝟏
2) 𝟑𝟐 3) 𝟒𝟑𝟐
𝟓 𝟏𝟏
1) 𝟐𝟏 4)
𝟔 𝟒
𝟐𝟏𝟔

𝐧 𝐒=
Solution

𝟔𝟒
�
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐂𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝟏𝟑 𝐢𝐧 = 𝐱
+ 𝐱𝟐 + ⋯ 𝐱𝟔
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
49. A coin is biased so that the probability of falling head when tossed is
1/4. If the coin is tossed 5 times the probability of obtaining 2 heads
and 3 tails, with heads occurring in succession is
4) 𝟑𝟓𝟑
𝟑
1 𝟓×𝟑𝟑 2) 𝟑
3) �
� 𝟑
𝟒
) 𝟒 𝟓𝟒
𝟐
𝟓
� 𝟏 �
𝐏 𝐇=
� 𝑷 𝑻= �
Solution
,
� �

𝟒! 𝟏 �
� �
𝐏 𝑬 𝟑
� �

=
�

𝟑! 𝟒
𝐏 =𝟒𝟒 𝟏 � � � 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐𝟕
𝟐
� 𝟕
� �=𝟐𝟓
𝑬 ×
� =
� 𝟔 𝟖
𝟐𝟓𝟔
�
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
52. A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all determinants
of order 2 with elements 0 or 1 only. The probability that
determinant is non-zero is
the
4)
𝟑
1) 𝟏 � 3) �
𝟓
� 𝟕
2) 𝟑
𝟔 � � �

Solution
𝐧 = 𝟔, 𝐧 =
𝐄 𝐒 𝟏𝟔
𝟔
𝐩 𝐄 𝟑 =
=
𝟏𝟔
𝟖
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
53. A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all determinants
of order 2 with elements 0 or 1 only. The probability that the
determinant is zero is

1
𝟑 2)
𝟑
3) 𝟓

4)
𝟕
𝟏
) 𝟔 𝟖 𝟖
𝟖
Solution
𝒏 = 𝒏 =
𝑬 𝟏𝟎, 𝑺 𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟎
𝑷 𝑬 =𝟓
𝟏
𝟔 𝟖
=
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
54. A is a set containing n elements. A subset P of A is chosen at
random.
The set A is reconstructed by replacing the elements of the subset of
P. A subset Q of A is chosen at random. The probability that P and Q
have𝟐𝐧no common 𝐧 element𝐧is 𝐧
1) 2) 𝟐
3) 𝟑
4) 𝟑

𝟑𝐧 𝟒 𝟒 𝟓𝐧
𝐧 𝐧

𝐧 𝐒=
Solution

𝟐𝐧 . 𝟐𝐧
𝐧
�
𝐧 �
− 𝟏 𝐧 =
𝐄 +𝟐
�
=෍
𝐧 𝐂𝐫 . 𝟐 𝟑𝐧
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐏 = 𝐧(𝐄 = 𝟑
)𝐧(𝐒)
𝐄
𝐧
𝟐 .𝟐
𝐧 𝐧

𝟑𝐧
𝐏 𝐄=
𝟒
𝐧

KEY : 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
55. 5 cards are drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing
cards. If it is known that there will be at least 3 hearts, the
probability that there are 4 hearts is
1
𝟏𝟑𝑪

)
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑 𝟒

+𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟒 +𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟓
2
𝟏𝟑𝑪

)
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑×𝟑𝟗𝑪𝟐+𝟏𝟑
𝟒 𝑪𝟒×𝟑𝟗𝑪𝟏+𝟏

𝟑𝑪 𝟓
3
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟒×𝟑𝟗𝑪

)
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑×𝟑𝟗𝟏𝑪𝟐+𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟒×𝟑𝟗𝑪𝟏+𝟏
𝟑𝑪 𝟓
4
)
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟑×𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟒×𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟑𝑪𝟓
𝑪𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
Solution
𝐀 → 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝟑 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬
𝐁 → 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟒 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬
𝐧 𝐀 → 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟑 . 𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟒 . 𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟏
+ 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟓

𝐧 𝐀∩𝐁 → 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟒 . 𝟑𝟗𝐁 𝐧(𝐀

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 =
𝐂𝟏
∩ 𝐁)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 → 𝐏
𝐁 𝐀 𝐧(𝐀)
𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟒 .
� =
�𝐀 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟑 . 𝟑𝟗𝟑𝟗 +𝟏 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟒 . 𝟑𝟗𝐂𝟏
KEY : 3
𝐂𝟐 𝐂

+ 𝟏𝟑𝐂𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
56. 20 pairs of shoes are there in a closet. Four shoes are selected at
random. The probability that there is at least one pair is
𝟏−𝟒𝟎𝐂
3
𝟏−𝟐𝟎𝐂
4)
𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟖 𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟒 𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟖 𝟑𝟔
1) × × × 2) 𝟏 − × ×
𝟒
𝟒𝟎 � 𝟐𝟎𝐂
) 𝟒

𝟑𝟒
×
𝐂 � 𝟒

𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟖 𝟑𝟕 𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟖
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟑𝟕

𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐧𝐨 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫

𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟖 𝟑𝟔
=𝟏 𝟑𝟒 × × ×
𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟖
−
𝟑𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
57. 20 pairs of shoes are there in a closet. Four shoes are selected at
random. The probability that there is no pair is
𝟏−𝟐𝟎𝐂 𝟏−𝟒𝟎𝐂
𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟖 𝟑𝟔 𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟖 𝟑𝟔
1) 𝟒𝟎 × 𝟑𝟗 ×𝟑𝟖 2) 𝟏 − 𝟒𝟎 × 𝟑𝟗 ×𝟑𝟖 4)
3)
𝟒 𝟒
𝟒𝟎𝐂 𝟐𝟎𝐂
𝟑𝟕 𝟑𝟕
𝟑𝟒 𝟑𝟒
×
Solution × 𝟒 𝟒

𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟖 𝟑𝟔
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟑𝟒 × × ×
𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟖
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟑𝟕
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
58. A box contains 3 red and 7 white balls. One ball is drawn at random
and in its place a ball of the other colour is placed in the box. Now if
one ball is drawn from the box then the probability that it is red is
1) 𝟎. 𝟗𝟖 2) 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗 3) 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑 4) 𝟎.

𝟑𝟒
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐝
Solution

𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 +
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭
𝟑 𝟐 𝟕𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝
𝟔
𝟒 = 𝟐𝟖
𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎+ 𝟏𝟎× 𝟏𝟎𝟎+
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝟑
= 𝟒
𝟏𝟎
𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒

KEY : 4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
59. If n positive integers are taken at random and multiplied together,
then the chance that the last digit in the product is 2, 4, 6 or 8 is
𝐧 𝐧 𝐧 𝐧
𝟓𝐧−𝟑 𝟒𝐧−𝟐 𝟑𝐧−𝟐 𝟑𝐧−𝟐
1) 2) 3) 4)
𝟓𝐧 𝟓𝐧 𝟓𝐧 𝟒
𝐧

Solutio
n 𝐋𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔 𝐨𝐫 𝟖 𝐢𝐟
𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝟐,
𝟒, 𝟔, 𝐨𝐫 𝟖

𝐋𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐛𝐞 𝟎 𝐭𝐨 𝟗 𝐧 𝐒 =

𝟏𝟎𝐧

𝒏 𝑬 = 𝟖𝒏 − 𝟒𝒏(∵ 𝒅𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒕 𝟎 𝒕𝒐 𝟗 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕 𝟎 𝒐𝒓 𝟓 − 𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕

PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
60. A box contains 24 identical balls of which 12 are white and 12 are
black. The balls are drawn at random from the box one at a time
with replacement. The probability that a white ball is drawn for the

1
4th time on the 7th draw is
𝟓
3 4)
𝟓
𝟔 2) 𝟑
) 𝟒
𝟑
) 𝟏
�
𝟐𝟕 𝟐 𝟐 �
Solution
𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝟔 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐬 𝐰𝐞 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝟑 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟑
𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝐢𝐧𝟓𝟕𝐭𝐡 𝐰𝐞
𝟏𝟐 � =𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞
�

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝟒 𝟑
𝟐𝟒 𝟐
=
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
61. If 10 identical apples are distributed among 6 persons at random
𝟏𝟒
then the probability that at least one of them will receive none is
4
𝟏
1
𝑪

2) 𝟏𝟓𝑪 3)
𝟒

)
�
𝟏𝟒
) 𝟑 𝟏𝟑𝟕
𝟏𝟒𝟑
�

𝟓 𝟏𝟒𝟑
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
= 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥
𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞
(𝐧 −
=𝟏
(𝐧𝟏)+𝐂𝐫−𝟏
𝐫−
−
𝟏)𝐂𝐫−𝟏
= 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐧 =
𝟏𝟎 𝐫 = 𝟔
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
(𝐧 −
=𝟏 𝟏)𝐂(𝐧
𝐫−𝟏 + 𝐫 −
−
𝟏)𝐂𝐫−𝟏
=𝟏
(𝟏𝟎+−𝟔𝟏)−𝐂(𝟔−𝟏)
(𝟏𝟎
−
𝟏)
𝟗𝐂𝐂𝟓(𝟔−𝟏)
=𝟏−
𝟏𝟓𝐂
𝟓
KEY : 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
62. 3 white balls and 5 black balls are placed in a bag and three men
draw a ball in succession (the balls drawn not being replaced), until
a white ball is drawn, the ratio of their respective chances is
1) 27:18:11 2) 11:18:27 3)18:11:2 4) 18:27:11

𝐏 + . .𝟒 𝟑
7
𝟑
𝟖 𝟖𝟓 𝟕 𝟔
𝐀 . 𝟑
Solution

=𝟓𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐
𝐏 = 𝟑× + × × × ×
𝟖 𝟕 𝟖 𝟕 𝟔 𝟓
𝐁
𝟒
𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
𝐏 = 𝟑. . + 𝟑. . . .
𝟖 𝟕 𝟔 𝟖𝟕 𝟔𝟓 𝟒
𝐂 .
𝟑
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
63. Urn A contains 6 red and 4 black balls and urn B contains 4 red
and 6 black balls. One ball is drawn at random from A and placed in
B. Then one ball is drawn at random from B and placed in A. If one
𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐
ball is now drawn from A then the probability that it is found to be
𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟓
red
1) is 3)
4) 𝟔
𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓
𝟔
2)

𝟔𝟑
Solution
𝐑 𝟏 , 𝐁𝟏 → 𝐃𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐝, 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝐀
𝐑 𝟐 , 𝐁𝟐 → 𝐃𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐝, 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐁𝟏 𝐑𝟐 𝐑𝟏 (or)𝐁𝟏
𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝐁 𝑩𝟐 𝐑 𝟏
𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐑 𝟏 𝐑 𝟐 𝐑 𝟏 𝐨𝐫
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟓 𝟒 𝟒 𝟕 𝟒 𝟕 𝟑
𝟓 × × 𝟔 + × × + × × + × × 𝟐
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
=
𝟏𝟎 𝟓

KEY : 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟒. 𝟏−𝟑𝐩
, 𝟑 are the probabilities of three
𝟐
If exclusive
𝟔 mutuallyevents, then the set of all
and exhaustive
is
values of, p
𝟏+𝟒𝐩 𝟏+𝐩
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐 , 𝟑) 𝟒) (𝟎,
(𝟎, 𝟏) 𝟒 𝟎, � ∞)
)
Solution 𝟑 �

𝟏− 𝟏+
𝟎 𝟑𝐩𝟐 ≤ 𝟏, 𝟎 𝟒𝐩 ≤
�
≤ ≤ 𝟏
𝟏
𝟎 + �𝐩 ≤
�

≤ 𝟏
�
𝟔𝟓. The chance that doctor A will diagonise disease X
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

correctly is 60%. The chance that a patient will die by

his treatment after correct diagnosis is 40% and the
chance of death after wrong diagnosis is 70%. A
patient of doctor A who had disease X died. The
probability that his disease was diagonised
correctly is
𝟏)𝟓/𝟏 𝟐) 𝟔/𝟏𝟑 𝟑)𝟐/𝟏𝟑 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟕/𝟏𝟑

𝐄𝟏 → 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐀 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐞

Solution
𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐥𝐲
𝐄𝟐 → 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐀 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐞
𝐰𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲
 𝟔𝟎 𝟒𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ) =𝟑 = ,𝐏 = 𝟐 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓
𝐄𝟐 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟓
𝐏(𝐀/𝐄𝟏) =𝟕𝟎 , 𝐏 𝐀/𝐄𝟐
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

�
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
�𝟏 𝑷 𝑬𝟏 . 𝑬
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
�= � = 𝑷�
� �
�
𝑷 + 𝑷𝟏
𝑬 𝑬
𝑬𝟏 𝑷 𝑬𝟐 𝑷
� KEY : 2
� � �
𝟏 𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟔. A bag contains 6 balls two balls are drawn and found them to
be
𝟏)𝟓/𝟔 𝟐) 𝟏𝟐/𝟏𝟕 𝟑)𝟏/𝟑 𝟒)
red. The probability that five balls in the bag are red

𝟐/𝟕

𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬

𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐠 𝐚𝐫𝐞
Solution

𝐄𝟏 → 𝟐 𝐫𝐞𝐝, 𝟒 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫
𝐄𝟐 → 𝟑 𝐫𝐞𝐝, 𝟑 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫
𝐄𝟑 → 𝟒 𝐫𝐞𝐝, 𝟐 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫
𝐄𝟒 → 𝟓 𝐫𝐞𝐝, 𝟏 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫
𝐄 → 𝟔 𝐫𝐞𝐝
 𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝐏 𝐄𝟏 = 𝐏 𝐄𝟐 = ⋯ 𝐏 𝐄𝟓
=
𝟓
𝟐𝑪𝟐
𝐏 𝐀/𝐄𝟏 =
𝟔�
𝟑
𝑪𝑪𝟐
𝐏 𝐀/𝐄� =
�

𝟔�
� 𝟔
�
𝑪 𝑪
… =
𝟐
�

𝐄 =𝟔 𝟏𝑪
𝐏
�
𝟓 𝟐
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

�
�� 𝐏
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐄
� �� = 𝐄𝟒 . 𝐏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = � 𝟓 𝐏 𝐄𝐢 . 𝟒
�
σ 𝐢=
𝟏 𝐏((𝐀/𝐄 ))
�
𝐢
�

KEY : 4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
𝟔𝟕. A man is known to speak the truth 2 out of 3 times. He throws a
die and reports that it is a six. The probability that it is actually a

� 𝟏 � �
five is
𝟐)
𝟏)𝟖 𝟕 𝟑) 𝟕 𝟒)
� � �

Soluti 𝟓
𝐀 → 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐡
𝐁 → 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐞
on

𝐄 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐬

𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞�𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐱 𝟏
𝐏 𝐁=
𝐏 𝐀=� �
�
� �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II
� 𝟏
� � =
�
�
𝐄
�

� �𝟓 =
�

𝟏
𝐁 .
𝟑
𝟏
�
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟔 =
𝟏
=
𝟏. 𝟏+ 𝟔
𝟏. +
𝐏 𝐁/𝐄𝟐 𝟑 𝟔 𝟑 𝟔 𝟒 𝟑
𝟏𝟔 .

KEY : 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-II

Thank
you…
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III

PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏. A set P contains n elements. A function from p picke
to P is d
up ∠
at random. The probability𝐧that this function
into is ∠𝐧 − 𝐧 − ∠𝐧 −
𝐧 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏
𝟏) 𝐧 ∠𝐧 ∠
𝐧
) 𝐧 ) 𝐧 )
𝐧 𝐧 𝐧
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭

𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐨
𝐧!
=𝟏−
𝐧𝐧

Key -3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐. Let S be a set containing n elements. If two sets A
and B of S are picked at random from the set of all
subsets of S, then the probability that A and B have
the same number
𝟐𝐧𝐂 of elements is 𝟐𝐧𝐂
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟒
𝟐) 𝟐𝐧𝐂 𝟑) 𝐧�
𝟐
𝐧𝟐
𝟐 𝐧 𝟐 𝐧 𝟐 𝟐 ) 𝐧
𝐧
Solution 𝐧 𝐧 �

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐧𝐂 𝟎 . 𝐧𝐂 𝟎 + 𝐧𝐂 𝟏 . 𝐧 𝐂 𝟏 + ⋯ +
𝐧𝐂𝒏 . 𝐧𝐂𝒏 = 𝟐𝐧𝐂𝐧

𝐧 𝐒 𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟐 𝒏 . 𝟐𝒏
Key -
𝐏 𝟐𝐧𝐂𝐧
𝐄 = 𝐧(𝐒 = 𝟐𝟐 3
) 𝐧
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟑. In ‘n’ sided regular polygon, probabilitythat the
the two inside the
intersect
diagonals
𝟐𝐧𝐂 chosen at𝐧(𝐧
random polygon, 𝐧 is𝐂
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟑) 𝟒) 𝟐 𝐧
will
𝟒
− 𝟏) (𝐧𝐂 𝟒 −𝐂
(𝐧𝐂𝟐𝟐 − ) (𝐧𝐂𝟐 − 𝐧)𝟐 (𝐧𝐂𝐂𝟐 −
𝟐)𝐂𝟐 𝐧)𝐂𝟐
𝟐)𝐂𝟐
𝟐
Solution

𝐓he number of ways of selecting two diagonals of n

sided polygon is
𝒏 𝑺 = 𝒏𝑪𝟐 𝑪
−𝒏
number of ways of selecting two diagonals
𝟐

intersect inside the polygon

is
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝐧 = 𝐧 𝐂𝟒
𝐄
𝐏 𝐄 𝐧(𝐄
= )𝐧(𝐒
) 𝐧𝐂
𝐏 𝐄
= 𝐧𝐂𝟒𝟐 ��
−𝐧 ��

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟓. Two cardsare drawnat random from a well
shuffled pack
52 playingcards.If of
one is found to be king card,
probability
a that the other card is also the
king𝟑 is 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏) 𝟐 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏 𝟐) 𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟑
𝐀 → 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁 →
Solution

𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 =𝟒 𝐂𝟐
𝐧 𝐀 = 𝟒𝐂𝟏 . 𝟒𝟖𝐂𝟏 + 𝟒𝐂𝟐 , 𝐁
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 = 𝐧(𝐀
𝐧 𝐀∩𝐁 𝐀 ∩𝐧 𝐁)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 𝐀
= 𝟒 Key -
𝟒𝐂𝟏 . 𝐂𝟏 +
𝟒𝑪
�
3
𝟒𝟖𝐂
𝟐
�
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟔. Two cards are drawn one after another without
replacement from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing
cards, if the 1st card is known to be king the
probability that the second card is also king is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟐
𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟒)𝟏
𝟑 𝟕 𝟕
Solution

𝐀 → 𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁 → 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝

𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠

𝐧 𝐀 = 𝟒𝑪𝟏 . 𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏 + 𝟒𝑪𝟏 𝟑𝑪𝟏

𝐧 𝐀 ∩ 𝑩= 𝟒𝑪𝟏 . 𝟑𝑪𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
� 𝐧(𝐀
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 � = ∩ 𝒏(𝑨𝑩)
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 𝟒𝑪𝟏 . )
= �
𝟒𝑪𝟏�.𝟑
𝟒𝟖𝑪𝟏𝑪𝟏 +

𝟒𝑪𝟏 𝟑𝑪𝟏
=
𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟐
𝟒

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟕. 20 pairs of shoes are there in a closet. Four shoes
are selected
at 𝟐𝟎
random.
𝐂 The𝟐𝟎probability
𝐂 that
𝟐𝟎they
𝐂 are pairs
𝟐𝟎𝐂is
𝟏) 𝟒𝟎𝐂 𝟐) 𝟒𝟎𝐂 𝟑) 𝟒𝟎𝐂 𝟒)𝟒𝟎𝐂
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒

𝐧 = 𝐧 =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒

𝐒 𝟒𝟎𝑪𝟒 𝐄 𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟐
Solution

𝐏 𝐄
𝐧(𝐒
𝐧(𝐄
=
)𝟐𝟎𝑪
𝐏
𝐄 = 𝟒𝟎𝑪
𝟐

Key -
𝟒
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟖. 20 pairs of shoes are there in a closet. Four shoes
are selected
at 𝟐𝟎
random. The probability that 𝟐𝟎 𝐂𝟏 ×is exactly one
there
𝟏) 𝟐𝟎𝐂𝟏 × (𝟑𝟖𝐂𝟐 − 𝟑𝟖𝐂𝟐 𝟐𝟎𝐂𝟏 ×
pair is 𝟐 𝟒
𝐂𝟏
𝟒
𝟏𝟗) 𝟒 𝟑) 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟗𝐂𝟒𝟐 𝐂
𝟎 𝟒
𝐂 ) 𝐂 �
)
𝟎 𝟒 𝐂
�
𝟎 𝟒
Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟒𝟎𝑪𝟒

𝐎ne pair can be selected from 20 ways and remaining

shoes
in 𝟐𝟎𝑪can be selected from 38 in 𝟑𝟖𝑪𝟐 ways which
contain 19 pairs two
𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝐧 = 𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟏(𝟑𝟖𝑪𝟐
𝐄 − 𝟏𝟗)
𝐏 𝐄
𝐧(𝐒
𝐧(𝐄)
=
)𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟏 (𝟑𝟖𝑪𝟐 −
𝐏 𝟏𝟗)
𝐄 = 𝟒𝟎𝑪
𝟒

Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟗. Seven chits are numbered form 1 to 7. Four are
drawn
one one
with by
replacement . The the least
probability that on any � number
� � � � �
�
selected
� 𝟒chit is 5 is �
𝟒
𝟏)𝟏 𝟐) 𝟒 � 𝟑 � − 𝟒 𝟒 �
− − ) )
� � �
�
� �
�

Solution � � � � �

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟕𝟒
𝐄 = 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟒 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟕 − (𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝟒 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝟔, 𝟕)

𝒏(𝑬) = 𝟑𝟒 − 𝟐𝟒
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟎. A lot contains 20 articles . The probability that the lot
contains exactly 2 defective articles is 0.4 and the
probability that it contains exactly 3 defective articles
is 0.6. Articles are drawn from the lot at random one
by one, without replacement and tested till all
defective articles are found. The probability that the
testing procedure ends at the 12th
testing 𝟏𝟏
is 𝟒𝟒
𝟏) 𝟐)
𝟏𝟗𝟎 𝟏𝟗𝟎
𝟎𝟔𝟔 𝟎𝟗𝟗
𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟏𝟗𝟎 𝟏𝟗𝟎
𝟎 𝟎
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
Solution
𝐀 → 𝐥𝐨𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝟐 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬
𝐁 → 𝐥𝐨𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝟑 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬
𝐏 𝐀 = 𝟎. 𝟒
𝐏 𝐁 = 𝟎. 𝟔

𝐈n first case, 11 draws contains 10 non defective one

defective and 12th draw
contains second defective
𝟏𝟖𝑪𝟏𝟎 . 𝟐𝑪𝟏 𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = ×
𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟏𝟏 𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝐈n second case, 11 draws contains 9 non defective 2
defective
and 12th draw contains 3rd defective
𝟏𝟕 . 𝟐𝑪𝟏 𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝑪𝟗
×
𝟐𝟎𝑪𝟏𝟏 𝟗

𝟖𝑪𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝑪𝟏

𝟏
𝟏𝟕𝑪𝟗. 𝟑𝑪𝟐
Key -
𝟏 4
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟎. 𝟒 × 𝟐𝟎 ×
𝟗
+ 𝟎. 𝟔
× ×
𝟐𝟎 𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟏. An urn contains 2 white and 2 black balls. A ball is
drawn at random. If it is white it is not replaced
into the urn. Otherwise it is replaced along with ball
of the same colour. The process is repeated. The
probability that the third ball drawn is black is
𝟏 𝟏 � 𝟐
𝟓 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟐𝟗 𝟐) 𝟑 𝟑) 𝟑 𝟒)𝟑
�
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
Solution
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐖𝐖𝐁,
𝐖𝐁𝐁, 𝐁𝐖𝐁, 𝐁𝐁𝐁

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
= 𝟒× × + × × + × × + × ×
𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟒 𝟓
𝟏𝟔 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
= 𝟏 × × 𝟏 +𝟐 × × + × × + × ×
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 𝟓 𝟒 𝟐 𝟓
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏
=𝟏+ +
𝟔 𝟒 𝟐𝟎
+
𝟓
=𝟓 + 𝟓 + 𝟑
𝟑
+𝟔 𝟎

Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟐. Set A m elements set B has elemen All the
has
relations andA to B are formed.
n If a ts. taken
random, the probability
relationis that the relation is a at
from
function
𝐧𝐦 is 𝐦𝐧 𝐦 𝐧𝐧
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟒)
𝟐 𝐦 𝟐 𝐦
𝟑)
𝐦 𝟐 𝐦
𝐧 𝐧 𝐧
𝟐𝐦
Solution 𝐧

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐀

𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐞𝐭 = 𝟐𝐦𝐧

𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐀 𝐭𝐨

= 𝐧(𝐄 = 𝐧
𝐏 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐁 = 𝐧𝐦 Key -
)𝐧(𝐒) 𝐦
𝐄 𝟐𝐦𝐧 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟑. A box contains 2 fifty paisa coins, 5 twenty-five paisa
coins and a certain number 𝐧(≥ 𝟐) of ten and five
paisa coins. Five coins are taken out of the box at
random. The probability that the total value of these
5 coins is less than one rupee and fifty paisa is
𝟏𝟎(𝐧
𝟏) 𝟏𝟎(𝐧 + 𝟐)
+
(𝐧𝟐) 𝐂 𝟐)𝟏 − (𝐧 + �
+ 𝟕) 𝟓 𝟕)𝐂

𝟒) 𝟏 −𝟓(𝐧
�

𝟑) 𝟓(𝐧
+ 𝟐)
(𝐧 + 𝟐)
(𝐧 𝐂
+ 𝟐)
𝐂
+ 𝟐) 𝟓 𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝟏 − 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟
𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 ≥ 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 𝐑𝐬
ሼ𝟓𝐂𝟒 . 𝟐𝐂𝟏 + 𝟐𝐂𝟐 . 𝟓𝐂𝟑 + 𝟐𝐂𝟐 .
𝟓𝑪 𝟐 . 𝐧𝐂 𝟏 ሽ
=𝟏− (𝐧 + 𝟕)𝐂𝟓

=𝟏 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝐧
=𝟏 𝟏𝟎(𝐧
− + 𝟐)
𝐧 + 𝟕 𝐂𝟓 − 𝐧+
𝟕 𝐂𝟓
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟒. If 16 squares of selected at
unit the probability
board, size random
arethat they formona 𝟒×𝟒 a
square of chess is
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝟔 𝐂 𝟐𝟓 𝟔 𝟑𝟔 𝟔𝟑𝟔𝐂
𝟒 𝐂𝟏
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝐂 𝟏 𝟒
𝒏 𝑺=
𝟔 𝟔 𝟒
Solution
𝟔𝟒𝑪𝟏𝟔
𝑩𝒖𝒕 𝟔𝟒 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝟗 𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟗 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔
𝐍𝐨𝐰 𝟏𝟔 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝟒 × 𝟒 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝟓
𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥
= 𝒏(𝑬) = lines are selected
𝑵𝒐𝒘
⇒ 𝒏 𝑬 = 𝟓 ×𝟐𝟓 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓
𝒏(𝑺) Key -
And 5 consecutive vertical
𝑷 𝑬 𝟔𝟒 𝑪𝟏
𝟔
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟓. PurseI contains a one rupee coin and coin
nine
s and50purse II paisa
contains ten 50 paisa coins. 9 coins
are transferred from purse I to purse II and again
from purse II to purse I randomly. The probability of
finding one rupee coin in the purse I after these
transfers
𝟏 is 𝟗
𝟏) 𝟐)
𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝟗
𝟏 𝟗
𝟎 𝟒)
𝟑) 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎
𝟗
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
Solution
Required probability = probability of selecting 9 ten paise
from purse
I and then 9 coins fromPurse II +probability of
rupee And eight 9 paise from purse I
selecting 1 one
eight 9 paise
and from
then 1 One rupee
and
purse II

= 𝟗 𝑪𝟗 × 𝟏 𝟏𝑪𝟏 × 𝟗 𝑪𝟖 𝟏𝑪𝟏 ×
𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟗+ 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟗 ×
𝟏𝟖
𝟏𝟗𝑪𝑪𝟗𝟖
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟔. Two numbers X Y are chosen at random (witho
and
replacement ) from ut
the numbers 1, 2, 3…..3n.
among The
probability that 𝑿𝟑 is divisible by 3
+𝒀 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 is
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟐 � � 𝟐
𝟒)
�
𝐀 = ሼ𝟏,
�
𝟒, 𝟕 𝟑
….ሽ
Solution

𝐁 = ሼ𝟐, 𝟓, 𝟖
𝐂
…=. ሽ ሼ𝟑, 𝟔, 𝟗 … . 𝟑𝐧ሽ
𝐀, 𝐁, 𝐂 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐬𝐞𝐭
𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐧 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝐱𝟑 + 𝐲𝟑 = 𝐱+𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝟑 𝐢𝐟 𝐱
𝐱𝟐 + 𝐱𝐲 + 𝐲𝟐 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐲 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐫𝐞
𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝
𝐧 = 𝐧𝐂 𝟐 +𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝐨𝐧𝐞
𝐄 𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐁
.𝐧
𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟏

𝐧
𝐏 𝐄=
𝐒
𝟑𝐧𝐂𝟐
𝐧(𝐒
= 𝐧(𝐄)
)𝐧𝐂𝟐 +
𝐏 𝐧𝐂 𝟏 . 𝐧𝐂 𝟏
𝐄 = 𝟑𝐧𝐂

Key -
𝟐

2
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟕. A coin is tossed(m + n)times (m < n). The
probability for
getting
𝐦 𝐧 consecutive �heads is
atleast ‘n’ �
+𝟐 +𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟐 𝐦+ ) 𝟐 𝐧+
�
) 𝟐 𝐦+
𝟐𝐧+𝟏
�
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Solution
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐦 = 𝟏, 𝐧 = 𝟐
𝐍𝐨𝐰 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐦 + 𝐧 = 𝟑 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐨
𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐧 = 𝟐

𝟑 𝟒𝟏
Consecutive heads (ie)2, 3 heads consecutively (ie) HHT, THH, HHH (3 WAYS)
�
𝐁𝐮𝐭 𝐦 = 𝟏, 𝐧 = 𝟐 𝐢𝐧 � 𝐨𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
𝐑equired
𝟑
𝟐
𝟖 𝟒𝟖
𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬
𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 , , Key -
probability=
𝟒
,𝐨𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝟏) 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟖. A point is selected at random from the interior of
a circle. The probability that the point is closer to
the center than to the boundary of the circle is
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟒 � � �
Solution � � �

𝐋𝐞𝐭 ′ 𝐫 ′ 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐧 𝐒 = 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬 ′ 𝐫 ′ = 𝛑𝐫𝟐 � �
𝐧 𝐄 = 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠′ ′

𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬 𝐫/𝟐
�

�
�
=𝛑 Key -
3 �
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟏𝟗. There are two circles in x y-plane whose
equation
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚are
𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎 and poin (x, y)
𝒙𝟐+𝒚choosen
𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 − at𝟑 =
random
𝟎. inside the larger
t The
is th
probability
A that the pointhas circle. the
n e
been taken from smaller
𝟏 is 𝟏
circle 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟐 � � 𝟏
� � 𝟔
Solution
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
Key -
2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟎. In a choice question, there are four alternati
multiple
answers, which one or more are correct.A ve
decides to tick the answers at random. Ifcandida
of he is
allowed up to 3 chances to answer the question,te the
probability that he will get marks in the question is
𝟏 𝟔𝟐 𝟏 �
𝟏) 𝟏 𝟑)
𝟏 𝟐) 𝟑𝟑𝟕 𝟒) 𝟏𝟓
𝟓
�
𝟓 𝟓
𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Solution

𝟒𝑪𝟏 + 𝟒𝑪𝟐 + 𝟒𝑪𝟑 + 𝟒𝑪𝟒 = 𝟏𝟓

𝟏
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐤 𝟏
𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭 = 𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝐑equired probability = probability that the answer is
correct in
first choice + probability that the answer is correct in
2nd choice
+probability that the answer is correct in 3rd choice
=
𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑
𝟏 + 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟒+ 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟒×
𝟏𝟓
=
𝟏/𝟓
𝟏𝟑

Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟏. If four whole numbers taken at random are
multiplied together, then the probability that the last
digit in the product is 1, 3, 7 or 9 is
𝟏𝟔 𝟔𝟒 𝟐𝟓
𝟑𝟐 𝟔
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑)
𝟔𝟐 𝟔𝟐 𝟔𝟐 𝟒)𝟔𝟕
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
Solution

𝐓he possible last digit of any number is 0 to 9 the

product containlast
digit 1, 3, 7, 9 if the Last
𝟒 digit of all four numbers is 1, 3,
7 or 9
𝐑equired =
𝟒 𝟏
𝟔
Key -
𝟏 𝟔𝟐
probability = 𝟎 𝟓
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟐 If threedice are thrown, then the
. probability that they show
the 𝟏numbers in𝟏 A.P. 𝟐is 𝟓
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟑 𝟏 𝟗 𝟏
𝟔 𝟐 𝟖
𝐧 𝐒=
Solution
𝟔𝟑
𝐈f common difference is ±𝟏, then no of possible ways
= 4+ 4 = 8

𝐈f common difference is ±𝟐, then no of possible ways

= 2+ 2 = 4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III

𝐈f common difference is 𝟎 then no. of

possible ways =𝟔
𝐑equired
𝟖+𝟒+𝟔
𝟏 𝟑
=
𝟏
probability = 𝟔
𝟐

Key -
2
 PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟑. A has 3 tickets of a lottery containing 3 prizes and
B has two tickets of another
9 blanks. containi 2 prize an 6
lottery ng s d
blanks. The ratio of their success
𝟑𝟐
chances of 𝟑𝟐 is
𝟏) 𝟏𝟓 : 𝟐) 𝟏𝟑
𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓
: 𝟑𝟒
𝟑𝟒
𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟖
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓
𝟑) 𝟓𝟓: 𝟒)𝟓𝟓:
𝟐𝟖
𝟐𝟖
′𝐀 𝐬 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟
′
𝟗𝑪
=𝟓
𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 = 𝟏 −
𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝑪
𝟔𝑪𝟐 𝟑𝟒𝟓
Key -
Solution

′𝐁 𝐬 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 = 𝟏
𝟑
𝟏𝟑
3
′
− 𝟖𝑪𝟐
=
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟒. A coin is so biased that the
probability
tossed of
is 𝟒falling
𝟏 headis tossed5
. If the coin when times the probability
obtainiof 2 heads and 3 tails ,withtails occurring
succession
ng in
is 𝟑𝟑 𝟑 𝟑𝟑
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟒)
𝟓 × 𝟓𝟑
𝟒
𝟒
𝟑 𝟓𝟒
𝟑) 𝟒𝟓
𝟒𝟓

𝟑! � �
� �
Solution
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏 . . �
𝟐!
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
�

𝟒 �
Key -
�
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟓 S= {1, 2, 3…..11}if 3 numbers are
. chosen at random from S,
the probability for they are in G.P.
𝟏) 𝟕 𝟐 𝟗 𝟑 𝟓 𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝑪 ) 𝟏𝟏𝑪 𝟏𝟏𝑪 𝟏𝟏𝑪
𝟒 ) )
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Solution
𝐧 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟑
𝐄 = ሼ(𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟒)(𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟖)(𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟗)
(𝟒,
𝐧 𝟔,=𝟗)ሽ
𝟒
𝐄 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏 𝐄=
𝐧(𝐒)
= 𝟒 Key -
𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟑
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟔. A coin is tossed 3 times. If E denotes the event in
which twoappear
heads and F denotes an event in
atleast � which first
head comes
then𝟑 𝑷 � � = 𝟏
�

𝟏) 𝟏 𝟒)
𝟒 𝟐) 𝟑) �
� �

� 𝟐 �
Solution
𝐄 = ሼ𝐇𝐇𝐓, 𝐓𝐇𝐇,
�

𝐇𝐓𝐇, 𝐇𝐇𝐇ሽ
𝐅 = ሼ𝐇𝐇𝐓, 𝐇𝐓𝐇,
𝐄 𝐧(𝐄 ∩ 𝐅)
𝐇𝐇𝐇,
� 𝟑 =𝐇𝐓𝐓ሽ
𝐧(𝐅
= Key -
𝐅 )
1
�
𝟒
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟕 A three digit number is formed by the digits 4, 5, 6,
. 7, 8 (no digit being repeated in any number). The
probability that the number formed is divisible by 9
is 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 �
𝟎 𝟓 �
Solution
𝐧 𝐒=
𝟓
𝐀𝑷𝟑number is divisible by 9 if sum of digits in that
number is divisible by 9
𝐅avourable 𝟓, 𝟔, →
cases are 𝟕 𝟑! Key -
𝟒, 𝟔, → 1
𝐧 𝐄=𝟔+𝟔 𝟖 𝟑!
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟖. Out of (2n+1) tickets consecutively numbered, three
are drawn at random. The chance that the numbers
on them are in A.P. is
𝐧 𝟑𝐧 𝟑𝐧 𝟑
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒
𝟒𝐧 𝟐 𝐧
+ 𝟐𝐧
𝐧𝟐 𝐧 𝟐 𝟒𝐧 𝟐
)
−𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏
𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝟐𝐧 + 𝟏 𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧
𝐧 + 𝟏 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐝𝐝.
Solution
𝒏 𝑺 = (𝟐𝒏 +
𝐋𝐞𝐭
𝟏)𝑪𝟑 𝐚, 𝐛, 𝐜 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟑 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡
𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐬
⇒ 𝒂 + 𝒄𝐀𝑷 𝒊𝒔 ⇒ 𝟐𝒃 =𝒂 𝒄+ 𝒄 (𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒅𝒅)
𝒂𝒓𝒆
𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 + (𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏)
𝒂,

𝟏)𝑪𝟐+𝒏𝑪𝟐 𝒏(𝑬)
𝐧(E)=(𝒏

𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝟑𝒏 Key -
𝑷 𝑬 = =
𝒏(𝑺) 𝟒𝒏𝟐 3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟐𝟗. The probability of India winning a test
match against West
indies is 𝟏 . Assuming from match to match,
𝟐
independence that in a
probability the
series.India’s occurs
third test 5
only match win at
is. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟒)
𝟖 𝟑 𝟏 �
Solution 𝟐 𝟔 �

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏 �
�
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝟏 =
𝟐𝟐 �
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝟐𝟐𝟐
= 𝟏
�
𝟑 Key -
𝟐 2
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟑𝟎. A letter is known to have come TATANAGAR
or
formCALUTTA. On the envelope just two consecutive
visible. The probability that the letter has
letters TA ar
CALCUTTA
come e
is 𝟒 𝟕 𝟏 𝟐 fro
𝟏) 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒) m
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
Solution 𝟐

𝐄𝟏 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦

𝐓𝐀𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐀𝐆𝐀𝐑

𝐄𝟐 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦

𝐂𝐀𝐋𝐂𝐔𝐓𝐓𝐀
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝐀 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐨𝐧 𝐞𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐓𝐀
𝐏 𝐄 = 𝐏 𝐄 =𝟏
𝟏 𝟐
𝟐𝟏
� = =
𝑨 𝑨
𝟐 𝑬 �
� 𝑬𝟏 , 𝑷 �
𝐄 𝐏 𝐄
𝐄
𝟐
�
�
𝟖
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 = . 𝐏�
� � �
�
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐏 𝐏 𝐄𝟏. 𝐄 + 𝐏𝟐
𝟐
𝐄
𝐏𝟏 𝐄𝟐 . 𝐏
� � �
𝐄
𝟏 𝟐

= = 𝟕 = 𝟖 =
𝟐� 𝟏 𝟐𝟐
𝐏
� 𝟒 𝟕𝟐 𝟏𝟏 Key -
𝟖
+
1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟑𝟏. A man is known to speak the truth 2 out of 3 times
. He throws a die and reports that it is a six. Then
the probability that it is actually a six is
� � � 𝟏
𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟕 𝟐) � 𝟑) � �
� � �

Solution � � �

𝐄𝟏 → 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐡

𝐄𝟐 → 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐞

𝐀 → 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐞
𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐱
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
= � 𝐏 𝐄 =𝟏 𝐏 � =
𝟏 � �
𝐏 𝐏
𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝟐
� =
𝐄𝟏 𝟔
�
𝐄 �
� � �
𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐄
�

�
�
�𝟏 𝐏 𝐄 𝟏 . 𝐄
� � = 𝐏
� � �
�
𝐏 𝐄𝟏 . 𝐄 + 𝐏𝟏
𝐄�
𝐏 𝐄 . 𝐏
�
� 𝟐

𝟐. 𝟏
�
𝟐
�𝟏 𝟏/ 𝟏/𝟗
� � = 𝟑 𝟔 = 𝟗 =
� 𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟕/𝟏
. + +
𝟑
𝟓 𝟔 𝟑 𝟗 𝟖
.
�
𝟔 𝟏𝟖
�
𝐄𝟏
� Key -
� 𝟐 �
�
=
� � 1
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟑𝟐. A bag contains n white, n black balls. Pair of balls are
drawn without replacement until the bag is empty.
Then the probability that each pair consists of one
white and one black ball is
𝐧! 𝐧!
𝟏) 𝟐
(𝟐𝐧! 𝟐)
) 𝟐𝐧
𝐧!. 𝐧!
!
𝟑 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝐧
𝟐𝟐𝐧 .𝟐𝐧𝟐
) )
! !
Solution

𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III

𝐧𝐂𝟏. 𝐧𝐂𝟏 (𝐧 − 𝟏)𝐂𝟏(𝐧 − 𝟏)𝐂𝟏 (𝐧 − 𝟐)𝐂𝟏(𝐧 − 𝟐)𝐂𝟏 𝟏

× × ×⋯×
×𝟏
𝟐𝐧𝐂𝟐 (𝟐𝐧 − 𝟐)𝐂𝟐 (𝟐𝐧 − 𝟒)𝐂𝟐
𝟐 𝐂𝟐 = (𝐧!)𝟐 . 𝟐𝐧 𝐧 𝟐.
= !
𝟐𝐧 𝟐𝐧 − 𝟏 𝟐𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟐𝐧
….𝟏 !𝟐
𝐧

Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟑𝟑. A car is parked by an owner amongst 25
carsin
at aeitherend.
row, Onnothis return finds that exactly 15
he are still occupied.
probability that both
places
places
The are neighbouring
𝟗 is
empty 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟓 𝟓 𝟒)
𝟏) 𝟐𝟕 𝟐) 𝟏𝟖 𝟑) 𝟗 𝟐
𝟔 𝟒 𝟐 𝟓
Solution
𝐎𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝟏𝟓 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟓 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭
𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫
𝟏𝟓 − 𝟏 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐬 Car and

𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒃𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟒𝑪𝟏𝟒 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒊𝒆 𝒏 𝑺 =

PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝑨𝒔 𝒏𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒚
𝒔𝒐
(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟑)𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟑
𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅

𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟑𝑪𝟏𝟓−𝟏 𝒊𝒆

𝟐𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟒𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔
𝒏(𝑬) 𝟐𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟒
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝟏𝟓
𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒏 =
𝑬 == 𝟐𝟐𝑪𝟏𝟒 =
𝑷 𝑬 𝒏(𝑺) 𝟐𝟒𝑪𝟏𝟒
𝟗𝟐
Key -
3
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟑𝟒. A sum of money rounded off to nearest rupee.
the probability that the error occurred inThe rounding
off at least 15 paisa is
𝟐 𝟑 𝟕 𝟕
𝟗 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝟏) 𝟏𝟎 𝟐) 𝟏𝟎 𝟑) 𝟏𝟎 𝟒)𝟏𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝐧 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝐀 = ሼ𝟏𝟓, 𝟏𝟔,
Solution

𝐒 … 𝟖𝟓ሽ
𝐧 =
𝐀 𝟕𝟏

Key -
4
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝟑𝟓. A bag contains some white and some black balls, all
combinations of balls being equally likely. The total
number of balls in the bag are 10. If three balls are
drawn at random and all of them are found to be
black, the probability that the bag contains 1 white
and� 9 black
� balls � �
𝟏) 𝟓 𝟐) 𝟑) 𝟓 𝟏
𝟒)
� � � �
𝟓 𝟏
𝟓
𝐄𝟏 → 𝐁𝐚𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝟑 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤
𝟕 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞
Solution

𝐄𝟐 → 𝐁𝐚𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝟒
𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝟔 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞
𝐏(𝐄𝐢 ) =𝟏
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III
𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐢 = 𝟏,
𝟖
𝟐, 𝟑 … 𝟕 𝟏
𝟑 𝟒 𝐏(𝐀/𝐄
� ) 𝟎
��

𝐏(𝐀/𝐄𝟏) = 𝐏(𝐀/𝐄𝟐) = 𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 = 𝑪
𝟑 𝟑

𝟎
��
𝑪 𝑪

�
� �
�

𝐏 𝑬𝟕
𝟑

��
𝑪 𝑪

𝑬
� �

� �� = . 𝑷
� �
�
σ 𝑖7= 𝑷(𝑬
� ).𝟕
1 𝑷 �
�
𝑬
�
�

= =�
𝟗𝑪 � 𝒊

𝟑𝑪𝟑+𝟒𝑪𝟑𝟑+𝟓𝑪𝟑+⋯+𝟗𝑪𝟑
Key -
2
𝟓
PROBABILITY LEVEL-III

Thank
you…