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Statistics Jee

The document provides an overview of statistics, focusing on measures of central tendency and dispersion. It details various measures such as arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median, and mode, along with their calculations for both ungrouped and grouped data. Additionally, it covers measures of dispersion like range, mean deviation, quartile deviation, variance, and standard deviation, explaining their significance and methods of calculation.

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Santosh kumar
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17 views56 pages

Statistics Jee

The document provides an overview of statistics, focusing on measures of central tendency and dispersion. It details various measures such as arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median, and mode, along with their calculations for both ungrouped and grouped data. Additionally, it covers measures of dispersion like range, mean deviation, quartile deviation, variance, and standard deviation, explaining their significance and methods of calculation.

Uploaded by

Santosh kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Statistics:-

The branch of mathematics in which we study


about collection , classification , analysis ,
interpretation , presentation and forecasting of
data.

 Measure of central tendency


 Measure of dispersion
 Measure of central tendency :-
• A value which describes the characteristics of
entire data is called an average or a central value
• Generally average lies in the central part of the
data so such values are called the measure of
central tendency
• There are following five measure of central
tendency
1. Arithmetic mean
2. Geometric mean
3. Harmonic mean
4. Median
5. mode
1. Arithmetic mean :-
It is equal to the sum of observations is divided by
the number of observations.
Mean is the most stable measure of central
tendency
1. Ungrouped data :-

Q. Sachin Tendulkar
scores the following runs
in six innings of a series.
45, 2, 78, 20, 116, 55.
Find the mean of the
runs scored by the
batsman in the series.
2. Grouped data :-
I. Discrete frequency distribution :-
II. Continuous frequency distribution :-
Class mark

m = (L.L. + U.L.)/2
 Weighted mean :-
• Weighted Mean is an average computed by giving
different weights to some of the individual values.
• If all the weights are equal, then the weighted mean is
the same as the arithmetic mean.
a
b
 Combined or total mean :-

N1 = Number of items in the first series,


N2 = Number of items in the first series,

N2 = Number of items in the second series


2. Geometric mean :- the nth root of the product of
all observations is called G.M.
• Ungrouped data :-

• Grouped data :-
3. Harmonic mean :- it is the reciprocal of the
arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the observations
• Ungrouped data :-

• Grouped data :-
4. Mode :- the value of observations which have
maximum frequency.
• Ungrouped data :- mode = observation
corresponding to maximum frequency
• Mode may be single value or double or triple
values
Q. For following observation 11, 16, 12, 23, 16, 14, 12, 13,
11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 16, find mode.
• Grouped data :-
1. Discrete frequency distribution :- mode = observation
corresponding to maximum frequency.
2. Continuous frequency distribution:-
Modal class – class - interval corresponding to
maximum frequency
• Mode always
belongs to modal class
5. Median :- the value of observation which divide
total frequency in two equal parts
• Ungrouped data :-

Find median 3. 8, 7, 15, 12, 10, 8, 9


1. 8, 7, 5, 6, 3, 8, 5, 3 4. 6, 10, 14, 15, 18.
2. 10, 17, 16, 21, 13, 18,
• Grouped data :-
1. Discrete frequency distribution

Median = observation corresponding to C.F. just


greater than N/2
2. Continuous frequency distribution :-
Step 1: Arrange the given data in either descending or
ascending order.
Step 2: Determine the cumulative frequency table ,
Step 3: N= total frequency , find N/2 value
Step 4: median class = class-interval corresponding C.F. just
greater than N/2 value

Median always belongs to median class


• Relation between mean, median and mode
Mode = 3*Median – 2*Mean

Question: In a moderately skewed distribution, the


median is 20 and the mean is 22.5. Using these
values, find the approximate value of the mode.
 Measure of
dispersion :-
• A measure of
dispersion tells us that
the extent or magnitude
of individual
observations vary from
their average/central
value.
• Measures of dispersion
can be classified into
the following two
types :
1. Range :- Given a data set, the range can be
defined as the difference between the maximum
observation and the minimum
range = max. obs. – min. obs.
• Coefficient of Range: It is the ratio of the
difference between the highest and lowest
observation in a data set to the sum of the
highest and lowest observation.
• C.O.R. = (H - S) / (H + S)
Q ..Find the range and coefficient of range of the
data set
{8, 12, 5, 6, 8, 2,15}
Mean Deviation: The mean deviation gives the
average of the absolute deviation about the
central value .
These central values could be the mean, median, or
mode.

Let x1, x2,x3 ………xn be the n- observations whose


central value is u
• Deviation = •it Ungrouped
is the difference of observation
data :-
value with respect to the central value.
• d1 = x1 – u
• d2 = x2 – u
• ……..
• ……..
• dn = xn – u
• Grouped data :-
1. Determine the specific average from which the mean
deviation will be calculated.
2. Determine each observation’s absolute (positive)
deviation from the specific average, or |D|.
3. Multiply the absolute deviations |D| by the respect
frequencies (f) to obtain the sum of products to get Σf|
D|
4. To calculate the mean deviation, divide Σf|D| by the
number of items.
Co-efficient of mean deviation = (Mean
Deviation)/μ
Where μ = mean/median/mode
• Mean deviation is least when deviations are
taken from median
Find mean deviation about mean and coefficient of
MD
b
3. Quartile deviation :- It is defined as half of the
difference between the third ( upper ) quartile and
the first ( lower ) quartile in a given data set.
It is also known as semi-inter-quartile range.
Q.D. = ( Q3 – Q1 ) / 2
• Inter-quartile range :- it is the difference of upper
quartile and lower quartile
• Q = Q3- Q1
• Co-efficient of quartile deviation :- it is the ratio
of difference of upper quartile and lower quartile
to the sum of upper quartile and lower quartile.
• Co-eff. of Q.D.= ( Q3-Q1) / (Q3+ Q1)
1. Ungrouped data :-
• Arrange the all data in ascending order
• Find median ,which divide total data in two equal
parts
• Similarly find median of two parts of data
• First part give lower quartile and second part
give upper quartile.

Find quartile deviation and co-efficient of quartile


deviation.
1. 23, 8, 5, 16, 33, 7, 24, 5, 30, 33, 37, 30, 9, 11, 26, 32
2. 5,7,4,4,6,2,8
3. 1,3,3,8,6,7,8,6,5,4
2. Grouped data :-
4 . Variance :- the mean of the square of
deviations of the observations about mean .
• It is denoted by var(x) or σ2
5 . Standard Ungrouped
deviation :-
data :-
It is equal to square
root of variance of a
data
It is denoted by S.D. or
σ
S.D. =
1. Find the variance and standard deviation of all
the even numbers less than 10.
2. Find variance and standard deviation of 4, 2, 5,
8, 6.

Grouped data :-
 Combined variance :-
Q. For two data sets, each size 5, the variances
are given to be 4 and 5 and the corresponding
b
means are given to be 2 and 4, respectively. The
variance of the combined data set is
b

Find the variance of data 5,10,15,20,……..50


 Properties of measure of central tendency and
dispersion
Jee adv
2023
q
b
q
b
q
b
q
b

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