NoSQL

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Agenda

1.Introduction to NoSQL
2.Types of NoSQL Databases
3.Introduction to MongoDB
4.MongoDB Create ,Read, Query operators, Update, Delete, Aggregate and Indexes

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What are NoSQL databases?

• NoSQL databases are interchangeably referred to as “nonrelational,” “NoSQL DBs,” or “non-SQL”

to highlight the fact that they can handle huge volumes of rapidly changing, unstructured data in
different ways than a relational (SQL) database with rows and tables.

• NoSQL technologies have been around since the 1960s, under various names, but are enjoying a
surge in popularity as the data landscape shifts and developers need to adapt to handle the sheer
volume and vast array of data generated from the cloud, mobile, social media, and big data.

• From viral celebrity tweets to life-saving information in electronic medical records, new data and
data types are being generated at a dizzying pace. NoSQL databases have evolved to help
developers quickly create database systems to store the new information and make it readily
available for search, consolidation, and analysis.

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Types of data models with NoSQL databases

• Most nonrelational, high-performance databases, sometimes called “not only SQL,” can also
handle highly structured data—they just aren’t limited to fixed data models like relational (SQL)
databases.
• The four most common types of NoSQL databases are:

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MongoDB

• MongoDB is a document database. It stores data in a type of JSON format called BSON.
• A record in MongoDB is a document, which is a data structure composed of key value pairs like the
structure of JSON objects.

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Introduction to MongoDB

• MongoDB Atlas: The fully managed service for MongoDB deployments in the cloud
• MongoDB Enterprise: The subscription-based, self-managed version of MongoDB
• MongoDB Community: The source-available, free-to-use, and self-managed version of
MongoDB

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Document Database

• A record in MongoDB is a document, which is a data structure composed of field and

value pairs. MongoDB documents are like JSON objects. The values of fields may
include other documents, arrays, and arrays of documents.

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SQL Terms and MongoDB Terms

SQL Terms/Concepts MongoDB Terms/Concepts

database database
table collection
row document or BSON document
column field
index index
table joins $lookup, embedded documents
primary key primary key

Specify any unique column or column In MongoDB, the primary key is automatically
combination as primary key. set to the _id field.
aggregation (e.g. group by) aggregation pipeline

See the SQL to Aggregation Mapping Chart.

SELECT INTO NEW_TABLE $out

MERGE INTO TABLE $merge

UNION ALL $unionWith

transactions transactions

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MongoDB CRUD Operations
CRUD operations create, read, update, and delete documents.
Create Operations
Create or insert operations add new documents to a collection. If the collection does not currently
exist, insert operations will create the collection.

MongoDB provides the following methods to insert documents into a collection:

db.collection.insertOne()

db.collection.insertMany()

In MongoDB, insert operations target a single collection. All write operations in MongoDB are atomic
on the level of a single document.

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Create

db.collection.insertMany()

Inserts multiple documents into a collection.

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Read Operations
Read operations retrieve documents from a collection; i.e. query a collection for documents.
MongoDB provides the following methods to read documents from a collection:

db.collection.find()

db.collection.findOne(query, projection, options)

Returns one document that satisfies the specified query criteria on the collection or view.

The returned document may vary depending on the number of documents that match the query criteria, and
the query plan used:

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Query operators

$or
$and
$in
$eq
$ne
$nin
$It
$gt
$regex

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Query operators

• Sort
A document that defines the sort order of the result set.

The sort parameter contains field and value pairs, in the following form:

{ field: value }

• Limit
• Skip

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Update Operations
• Update operations modify existing documents in a
collection. MongoDB provides the following methods to
update documents of a collection:
Update Operators
• (<query>,<update>,<options>)
$set
• db.collection.updateOne() $unset
$inc
• db.collection.updateMany() $rename
• db.collection.replaceOne() $currentDate
$addToSet

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Update

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Delete Operations

• Delete operations remove documents from a collection. MongoDB provides the following methods
to delete documents of a collection:

• db.collection.deleteOne()

• db.collection.deleteMany()

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Bulk Write Operations

• Overview
• MongoDB provides clients the ability to perform write operations in bulk. Bulk write operations affect
a single collection. MongoDB allows applications to determine the acceptable level of
acknowledgment required for bulk write operations.

• The db.collection.bulkWrite() method provides the ability to perform bulk insert, update, and delete
operations.

• MongoDB also supports bulk insert through the db.collection.insertMany() method.

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Aggregate

• Parameter
• db.collection.aggregate(pipeline, options)
• Calculates aggregate values for the data in a collection or a view.

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Indexes

• Returns an array that holds a list of documents that identify and describe the existing indexes on
the collection, including hidden indexes and indexes that are currently being built.

• You must call db.collection.getIndexes() on a collection. For example:

• db.collection.getIndexes()

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