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Advanced Grammar Modals Part2 With Exercises

Chapter 10 of 'Understanding and Using English Grammar' focuses on modals, covering their use in expressing necessity, advisability, certainty, ability, and preference across past, present, and future contexts. It includes explanations of modal perfects, degrees of certainty, progressive forms, and practical exercises for applying these concepts. The chapter also provides a summary chart of modals and various exercises to reinforce understanding.

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22 views22 pages

Advanced Grammar Modals Part2 With Exercises

Chapter 10 of 'Understanding and Using English Grammar' focuses on modals, covering their use in expressing necessity, advisability, certainty, ability, and preference across past, present, and future contexts. It includes explanations of modal perfects, degrees of certainty, progressive forms, and practical exercises for applying these concepts. The chapter also provides a summary chart of modals and various exercises to reinforce understanding.

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Advanced Grammar - Chapter 10

Modals, Part 2
Understanding and Using English
Grammar (5th Edition)
Introduction to Modals (Part 2)

• Modals express necessity, advisability, certainty, ability, and


preference.
• This chapter explores modals in past, present, and future
contexts.
• We will cover modal perfects, degrees of certainty,
progressive forms, and preference.
Using 'Would' for Repeated Past
Actions
• 'Would' expresses repeated past actions (similar to 'used to').
• Example: When I was a child, I would play outside every day.
• 'Used to' describes past states, while 'would' does not.
• Example: I used to have long hair. (✅) | I would have long hair.
(❌)
Expressing Necessity, Advisability,
and Expectation (Past)
• Should have / Ought to have → Express past advice or
obligation.
• Example: You should have studied for the test.
• Was supposed to → Expresses past expectation.
• Example: She was supposed to call me.
Expressing Past Ability

• Could → General past ability.


• Example: She could swim when she was five.
• Was able to / Managed to → Specific ability in a situation.
• Example: He was able to escape from the burning building.
Degrees of Certainty (Present)

• Must be → High certainty.


• Example: He must be at work now.
• May/Might/Could be → Possibility.
• Example: She might be sleeping.
Degrees of Certainty (Past)

• Must have → Strong certainty.


• Example: She must have left early.
• Might/Could have → Possibility.
• Example: He could have forgotten the meeting.
Degrees of Certainty (Future)

• Will probably → High certainty.


• Example: It will probably rain tomorrow.
• Might/Could → Possibility.
• Example: She might get the job.
Progressive Forms of Modals

• Modal + be + verb-ing expresses an ongoing action.


• Example: He must be sleeping right now.
Combining Modals with Phrasal
Modals
• Some modals can combine with phrasal modals.
• Example: She might have to leave early.
• Example: You should be able to solve this problem.
Expressing Preference: 'Would
Rather'
• 'Would rather' expresses a preference between two actions.
• Example: I would rather stay home than go out.
• For different subjects, use 'would rather + subject + past verb'.
• Example: He would rather you called later.
Summary Chart of Modals

• Necessity: Must, Have to.


• Advice: Should, Ought to.
• Certainty: Must, Might, Could.
• Ability: Can, Could, Be able to.
• Preference: Would rather.
Practice Activity

• Fill in the blanks with the correct modal form:


• 1. You __________ (study) harder for the exam. (past advice)
• 2. She __________ (be) at work right now. (present certainty)
• 3. I __________ (rather) stay home than go out. (preference)
Exercise: Using 'Would' for
Repeated Past Actions
• Complete the sentences using 'would' or 'used to'
appropriately.
• 1. When I was a child, I __________ (play) in the park every
day.
• 2. My grandmother __________ (tell) me bedtime stories
every night.
• 3. We __________ (spend) summers at my uncle’s house.
Exercise: Necessity, Advisability,
and Expectation (Past)
• Rewrite the sentences using 'should have', 'ought to have', or
'was supposed to'.
• 1. I didn't study for the exam. (give past advice)
• 2. She didn’t call me, but she had promised to. (express past
expectation)
• 3. They arrived late. They knew the meeting started at 9. (past
obligation)
Exercise: Expressing Past Ability

• Choose the correct modal to complete the sentences: 'could',


'was able to', or 'managed to'.
• 1. When she was younger, she __________ (speak) three
languages.
• 2. The firefighter __________ (rescue) the cat from the tree.
• 3. Even though he was injured, he __________ (finish) the
race.
Exercise: Degrees of Certainty
(Present)
• Fill in the blanks using 'must', 'might', or 'could'.
• 1. She __________ (be) at home because I see her car
outside.
• 2. He __________ (be) busy; he hasn’t replied to my message
yet.
• 3. They __________ (be) on vacation since their house is
empty.
Exercise: Degrees of Certainty
(Past)
• Rewrite the sentences using 'must have', 'might have', or
'could have'.
• 1. She didn’t answer her phone. (strong certainty)
• 2. They didn’t come to the party. Maybe they forgot.
(possibility)
• 3. The door was unlocked. Maybe someone entered.
(possibility)
Exercise: Degrees of Certainty
(Future)
• Complete the sentences using 'will probably', 'might', or
'could'.
• 1. It __________ (rain) tomorrow, so bring an umbrella.
• 2. He __________ (come) to the meeting, but he's not sure.
• 3. They __________ (win) the game if they play well.
Exercise: Progressive Forms of
Modals
• Fill in the blanks using 'must be', 'might be', or 'could be' with
the correct progressive form.
• 1. She __________ (sleep) because her room is dark.
• 2. They __________ (work) right now since the office is open.
• 3. He __________ (watch) TV because I hear sounds from his
room.
Exercise: Combining Modals with
Phrasal Modals
• Rewrite the sentences using a combination of modals and
phrasal modals.
• 1. There is a chance I will need to leave early. (might + have
to)
• 2. He is supposed to arrive at 8, but he is late. (should + be
supposed to)
• 3. I think she will be able to solve the problem. (should + be
able to)
Exercise: Expressing Preference
('Would Rather')
• Rewrite the sentences using 'would rather'.
• 1. I prefer staying home to going out.
• 2. She prefers drinking coffee instead of tea.
• 3. He prefers that you call him tomorrow.

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